Rostro-caudal inhibition of hindlimb movements in the spinal cord of mice. by Vittorio Caggiano, Mirganka Sur, Emilio Bizzi

“…Inhibitory neurons in the adult mammalian spinal cord are known to locally modulate afferent feedback--from muscle proprioceptors and from skin receptors--to pattern motor activity for locomotion and postural control. Here, using optogenetic tools, we explored how the same population of inhibitory interneurons globally affects hindlimb movements in the spinal cord of both anesthetized and freely moving mice. …”
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Studies of cortical connectivity using optical circuit mapping methods by Anastasiades, PG, Marques-Smith, A, Butt, SJB

“…The application of optical methods has increased dramatically over the past decade, spurred on by the optogenetic revolution. In this review, we provide an account of recent innovations, providing researchers with a primer detailing circuit mapping strategies in the cerebral cortex. …”

A Bright and Colorful Future for G-Protein Coupled Receptor Sensors by Luca Ravotto, Loïc Duffet, Xuehan Zhou, Bruno Weber, Bruno Weber, Tommaso Patriarchi, Tommaso Patriarchi

“…These new probes are becoming widely successful due to their flexible combination with state of the art optogenetic tools and in vivo imaging techniques, mainly fiber photometry and 2-photon microscopy, to dissect dynamic changes in brain chemicals with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. …”
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Acetylcholine Regulates Olfactory Perceptual Learning through Effects on Adult Neurogenesis by Arielle Schilit Nitenson, Gabriela Manzano Nieves, Devon Lynn Poeta, Ryan Bahar, Carolyn Rachofsky, Nathalie Mandairon, Kevin G. Bath

“…Using a combination of pharmacological and optogenetic approaches, cholinergic activity was shown to be both necessary and sufficient to drive OPL, and this process was dependent on the presence of newly born cells in the olfactory bulb (OB). …”
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Integration of temperature sensors in polyimide-based thin-film electrode arrays by Cruz M. F. Porto, Fiedler E., Monjarás O. F. Cota, Stieglitz T.

“…The degree and duration of the immune activation in response to the implant, which is responsible for signal deterioration, could be inferred from the associated temperature raise and the heating caused by electrical or optogenetical stimulation could be accurately controlled. …”
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A logic “OR” gate composed of a blue light‐induced CRISPR/dCas9 system and a Tet‐on system activates cancer suppressor genes to inhibit the growth of cutaneous squamous cell carcin... by Xinbo Huang, Jieyi Wang, Xia Wu, Bin Jiang, Menghui Chen, Han Chen, Yan Mao, Cheng zhou, Bo Yu

“…Abstract Optogenetic systems and tetracycline‐induced expression systems have been used in biological research. …”
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Cortical regulation of neurogenesis and cell proliferation in the ventral subventricular zone by Moawiah M. Naffaa, Rehan R. Khan, Chay T. Kuo, Henry H. Yin

“…Furthermore, in vivo optogenetic stimulation and inhibition of the ACC-subep-ChAT+ circuit are sufficient to control neurogenesis in the ventral SVZ. …”
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In Vivo Neocortical [K]o Modulation by Targeted Stimulation of Astrocytes by Azin EbrahimAmini, Shanthini Mylvaganam, Paolo Bazzigaluppi, Mohamad Khazaei, Alexander Velumian, Bojana Stefanovic, Peter L. Carlen

“…We hypothesized that in vivo photostimulation of eNpHR-expressing astrocytes leads to a decreased [K]o. Using optogenetic and electrophysiological techniques we showed that stimulation of eNpHR-expressing astrocytes resulted in a significantly decreased resting [K]o and evoked K responses. …”
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Projections of the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex by Arbora Resulaj, Arbora Resulaj

“…Similarly, in mice, optogenetic silencing of V1 profoundly impairs discrimination of orientated gratings. …”
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Engram cells retain memory under retrograde amnesia by Ryan, Tomas John, Roy, Dheeraj, Pignatelli di Spinazzola, Michele, Arons, Autumn, Tonegawa, Susumu

“…Although these properties are lacking in engram cells under protein synthesis inhibitor–induced amnesia, direct optogenetic activation of these cells results in memory retrieval, and this correlates with retained engram cell–specific connectivity. …”
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Creating a False Memory in the Hippocampus by Ramirez Moreno, Steve, Liu, Xu, Lin, Pei-Ann, Suh, Junghyup, Ryan, Tomas John, Redondo, Roger L., Tonegawa, Susumu, Pignatelli di Spinazzola, Michele

“…We created a false memory in mice by optogenetically manipulating memory engram–bearing cells in the hippocampus. …”
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Neural pathways from hypothalamic orexin neurons to the ventrolateral preoptic area mediate sleep impairments induced by conditioned fear by Caifen Ma, Caifen Ma, Ning Zhou, Kang Ma, Kang Ma, Jiandong Niu, Jiandong Niu, Ting Mi, Ting Mi, Zhenquan He, Yujun Wen, Yujun Wen, Chunhong Liu, Chunhong Liu, Zhongyi He, Jianguo Niu, Jianguo Niu

“…The retrograde tracing technique and immunofluorescence staining was used to identify the projections from the hypothalamic orexin neurons to the VLPO and to observe their activation in mice with conditioned fear. Moreover, optogenetic activation or inhibition of hypothalamic orexin-VLPO pathways was performed to observe whether the sleep-wake can be regulated in mice with conditioned fear. …”
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Targeting a vulnerable septum-hippocampus cholinergic circuit in a critical time window ameliorates tau-impaired memory consolidation by Dongqin Wu, Nana Yu, Yang Gao, Rui Xiong, Luping Liu, Huiyang Lei, Sen Jin, Jiale Liu, Yingzhou Liu, Jiazhao Xie, Enjie Liu, Qiuzhi Zhou, Yanchao Liu, Shihong Li, Linyu Wei, Jingru Lv, Huilin Yu, Wenbo Zeng, Qiang Zhou, Fuqiang Xu, Min-Hua Luo, Yao Zhang, Ying Yang, Jian-Zhi Wang

“…Immunostaining, behavioral analysis and optogenetic activation experiments were used to detect the effect of hTau accumulation on cholinergic neurons and the MS-CA1 cholinergic circuit. …”
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Activation of the VpdmVGLUT1-VPM pathway contributes to anxiety-like behaviors induced by malocclusion by Yuan-Yuan Ji, Yuan-Yuan Ji, Yuan-Yuan Ji, Xin Liu, Xin Liu, Xin Li, Yi-Fan Xiao, Teng Ma, Jian Wang, Yue Feng, Juan Shi, Mei-Qing Wang, Jin-Lian Li, Jin-Lian Li, Jiang-Hua Lai

“…Tract-tracing techniques were used to identify the existence of Vme-Vpdm-VPM pathway and Vpdm-VPM-SI pathway. Chemogenetic and optogenetic methods were taken to modulate the activation of VpdmVGLUT1 neurons and the Vpdm-VPM pathway. …”
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Altered function of CCK-positive interneurons in mice over-expressing the schizophrenia risk gene neuregulin 1 by Kotzadimitriou, D

“…Next, the inhibitory output of CCK-positive cells to pyramidal cells was examined. Analysis of the optogenetically elicited inhibitory post synaptic currents (IPSCs) did not reveal any changes in the properties of the GABAergic synapse formed by these cells due to NRG1 over-expression Finally, the effects of this NMDA receptor hypofunction in the recurrent inhibition were analysed by performing whole cell recordings during the gamma relevant optogenetic entrainment of the hippocampal network. …”

Selective Activation of Cholinergic Interneurons Enhances Accumbal Phasic Dopamine Release: Setting the Tone for Reward Processing by Roger Cachope, Yolanda Mateo, Brian N. Mathur, James Irving, Hui-Ling Wang, Marisela Morales, David M. Lovinger, Joseph F. Cheer

“…Here, we report that selective endogenous cholinergic activation achieved via in vitro optogenetic stimulation of nucleus accumbens, a terminal field of dopaminergic neurons, elicits real-time dopamine release. …”
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Perception of odors linked to precise timing in the olfactory system. by Michelle R Rebello, Thomas S McTavish, David C Willhite, Shaina M Short, Gordon M Shepherd, Justus V Verhagen

“…Here we show, using sniff-triggered, dynamic, 2-D, optogenetic stimulation of mitral/tufted cells, that virtual odors that differ by as little as 13 ms are distinguishable by mice. …”
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Parasubthalamic calretinin neurons modulate wakefulness associated with exploration in male mice by Han Guo, Jian-Bo Jiang, Wei Xu, Mu-Tian Zhang, Hui Chen, Huan-Ying Shi, Lu Wang, Miao He, Michael Lazarus, Shan-Qun Li, Zhi-Li Huang, Wei-Min Qu

“…In this study in male mice, fiber photometry recordings showed that the activity of PSTNCR neurons increased at the transitions from non-rapid eye movement (non-REM, NREM) sleep to either wakefulness or REM sleep, as well as exploratory behavior. Chemogenetic and optogenetic experiments demonstrated that PSTNCR neurons were necessary for initiating and/or maintaining arousal associated with exploration. …”
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Interhemispheric cortical long-term potentiation in the auditory cortex requires heterosynaptic activation of entorhinal projection by Xiao Li, Ling He, Xiaohan Hu, Fengwen Huang, Xue Wang, Mengying Chen, Ezra Ginn Yoon, Stephen Temitayo Bello, Tao Chen, Xi Chen, Peng Tang, Congping Chen, Jianan Qu, Jufang He

“…After HFES, plasticity was not observed at the terminal synapses at the recording site. The optogenetic HFS at the recording site of the interhemispheric cortical projections could not induce LTP, but HFES at the recording site could induce the interhemispheric cortical LTP. …”
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Role of Prelimbic GABAergic Circuits in Sensory and Emotional Aspects of Neuropathic Pain by Zizhen Zhang, Vinicius M. Gadotti, Lina Chen, Ivana A. Souza, Patrick L. Stemkowski, Gerald W. Zamponi

“…The mechanisms that govern the emotional component associated with pain are still incompletely understood. Here, we used optogenetic approaches both in vitro and in vivo to address this issue. …”
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