Asymmetric activation mechanism of a homodimeric red light-regulated photoreceptor by Geoffrey Gourinchas, Udo Heintz, Andreas Winkler

“…This modularity is targeted in the development of optogenetic tools enabling the control of cellular events with high spatiotemporal precision. …”
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Ventromedial prefrontal neurons represent self-states shaped by vicarious fear in male mice by Ziyan Huang, Myung Chung, Kentaro Tao, Akiyuki Watarai, Mu-Yun Wang, Hiroh Ito, Teruhiro Okuyama

“…We classify the observer mouse’s stereotypic behaviors during OF using a machine-learning approach. Optogenetic inhibition of the vmPFC specifically disrupts OF-induced escape behavior. …”
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Dietary sugar inhibits satiation by decreasing the central processing of sweet taste by Christina E May, Julia Rosander, Jennifer Gottfried, Evan Dennis, Monica Dus

“…We found that PAM-β’2 DANs activity controls feeding rate and satiation: closed-loop optogenetic activation of β’2 DANs restored normal eating in animals fed high sucrose. …”
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Activation of the dopaminergic pathway from VTA to the medial olfactory tubercle generates odor-preference and reward by Zhijian Zhang, Qing Liu, Pengjie Wen, Jiaozhen Zhang, Xiaoping Rao, Ziming Zhou, Hongruo Zhang, Xiaobin He, Juan Li, Zheng Zhou, Xiaoran Xu, Xueyi Zhang, Rui Luo, Guanghui Lv, Haohong Li, Pei Cao, Liping Wang, Fuqiang Xu

“…Here, we found that the VTA (DAergic)-mOT pathway could be activated by different types of naturalistic rewards as well as odors in DAT-cre mice. Optogenetic activation of the VTA-mOT DAergic fibers was able to elicit preferences for space, location and neutral odor, while pharmacological blockade of the dopamine receptors in the mOT fully prevented the odor-preference formation. …”
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Neurogenetic dissection of the Drosophila lateral horn reveals major outputs, diverse behavioural functions, and interactions with the mushroom body by Michael-John Dolan, Shahar Frechter, Alexander Shakeel Bates, Chuntao Dan, Paavo Huoviala, Ruairí JV Roberts, Philipp Schlegel, Serene Dhawan, Remy Tabano, Heather Dionne, Christina Christoforou, Kari Close, Ben Sutcliffe, Bianca Giuliani, Feng Li, Marta Costa, Gudrun Ihrke, Geoffrey Wilson Meissner, Davi D Bock, Yoshinori Aso, Gerald M Rubin, Gregory SXE Jefferis

“…We find ~30% of LH projections converge with outputs from the mushroom body, site of olfactory learning and memory. Using optogenetic activation, we identify LH cell types that drive changes in valence behavior or specific locomotor programs. …”
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Primate Amygdalo-Nigral Pathway for Boosting Oculomotor Action in Motivating Situations by Kazutaka Maeda, Ken-ichi Inoue, Jun Kunimatsu, Masahiko Takada, Okihide Hikosaka

“…Next, we performed optogenetic activation after injecting a viral vector into the amygdala. …”
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Disrupting cortico-cerebellar communication impairs dexterity by Jian-Zhong Guo, Britton A Sauerbrei, Jeremy D Cohen, Matteo Mischiati, Austin R Graves, Ferruccio Pisanello, Kristin M Branson, Adam W Hantman

“…Here, we selectively disrupt cortico-cerebellar communication in the mouse by optogenetically stimulating the pontine nuclei in a cued reaching task. …”
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Nanoscale Structural Plasticity of the Active Zone Matrix Modulates Presynaptic Function by Oleg O. Glebov, Rachel E. Jackson, Christian M. Winterflood, Dylan M. Owen, Ellen A. Barker, Patrick Doherty, Helge Ewers, Juan Burrone

“…Conversely, patterned optogenetic stimulation of postsynaptic neurons retrogradely enhanced AZ clustering. …”
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Dynamic modulation of activity in cerebellar nuclei neurons during pavlovian eyeblink conditioning in mice by Michiel M ten Brinke, Shane A Heiney, Xiaolu Wang, Martina Proietti-Onori, Henk-Jan Boele, Jacob Bakermans, Javier F Medina, Zhenyu Gao, Chris I De Zeeuw

“…Trial-by-trial correlational analysis and optogenetic manipulation demonstrate that facilitation in the IpN drives the eyelid movements. …”
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Hunger neurons drive feeding through a sustained, positive reinforcement signal by Yiming Chen, Yen-Chu Lin, Christopher A Zimmerman, Rachel A Essner, Zachary A Knight

“…Here we resolve this paradox by showing that brief optogenetic stimulation of AgRP neurons before food availability promotes intense appetitive and consummatory behaviors that persist for tens of minutes in the absence of continued AgRP neuron activation. …”
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Automated and parallelized spike collision tests to identify spike signal projections by Keita Mitani, Masanori Kawabata, Yoshikazu Isomura, Yutaka Sakai

“…It is potentially applicable to more neuronal projections by combining multi-channel recording with optogenetic stimulation. Yet, it remains inefficient and laborious because an experimenter must visually select spikes in every channel and manually repeat spike collision tests for each neuron serially. …”
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Optimization of Light-Inducible Gal4/UAS Gene Expression System in Mammalian Cells by Mayumi Yamada, Shinji C. Nagasaki, Yusuke Suzuki, Yukinori Hirano, Itaru Imayoshi

“…These systems offer optogenetic tools for the precise manipulation of gene expression at fine spatiotemporal resolution in mammalian cells.…”
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Presynaptic GABAB receptors functionally uncouple somatostatin interneurons from the active hippocampal network by Sam A Booker, Harumi Harada, Claudio Elgueta, Julia Bank, Marlene Bartos, Akos Kulik, Imre Vida

“…Whole-cell recordings from SOM-INs revealed that both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs are strongly inhibited by GABABRs, while optogenetic activation of the interneurons shows that their inhibitory output is also strongly suppressed. …”
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Distinct reward processing by subregions of the nucleus accumbens by Gaowei Chen, Shishi Lai, Guo Bao, Jincan Ke, Xiaogao Meng, Shanshan Lu, Xiaocong Wu, Hua Xu, Fengyi Wu, Yu Xu, Fang Xu, Guo-Qiang Bi, Guangdun Peng, Kuikui Zhou, Yingjie Zhu

“…The heterogeneity in reward encoding could be attributed to differences in their synaptic inputs and transcriptional profiles. Specific optogenetic activation of Nts-positive neurons in the NAcLat promotes positive reinforcement, while activation of Cartpt-positive neurons in the NAcMed induces behavior aversion. …”
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Learning accurate path integration in ring attractor models of the head direction system by Pantelis Vafidis, David Owald, Tiziano D'Albis, Richard Kempter

“…The mature network is a quasi-continuous attractor and reproduces key experiments in which optogenetic stimulation controls the internal representation of heading in flies, and where the network remaps to integrate with different gains in rodents. …”
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Entorhinal-retrosplenial circuits for allocentric-egocentric transformation of boundary coding by Joeri BG van Wijngaarden, Susanne S Babl, Hiroshi T Ito

“…These egocentric representations are generated independent of visual or whisker sensation but are affected by inputs from MEC that contains allocentric spatial cells. Pharmaco- and optogenetic inhibition of MEC led to a disruption of border coding in RSC, but not vice versa, indicating allocentric-to-egocentric transformation. …”
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Pre- and postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors are required for sequential printing of fear memory engrams by Ilaria Bertocchi, Florbela Rocha-Almeida, María Teresa Romero-Barragán, Marco Cambiaghi, Alejandro Carretero-Guillén, Paolo Botta, Godwin K. Dogbevia, Mario Treviño, Paolo Mele, Alessandra Oberto, Matthew E. Larkum, Agnes Gruart, Rolf Sprengel, José Maria Delgado-García, Mazahir T. Hasan

“…Further, we tagged fear-activated neurons during associative learning for optogenetic memory recall. We found that presynaptic mPFC and postsynaptic BLA NMDARs are required for fear memory formation, but not expression. …”
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Optical Read-out of Neural Activity in Mammalian Peripheral Axons: Calcium Signaling at Nodes of Ranvier by Arjun K. Fontaine, Emily A. Gibson, John H. Caldwell, Richard F. Weir

“…Abstract Current neural interface technologies have serious limitations for advanced prosthetic and therapeutic applications due primarily to their lack of specificity in neural communication. An optogenetic approach has the potential to provide single cell/axon resolution in a minimally invasive manner by optical interrogation of light-sensitive reporters and actuators. …”
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Thalamic nucleus reuniens coordinates prefrontal-hippocampal synchrony to suppress extinguished fear by Michael S. Totty, Tuğçe Tuna, Karthik R. Ramanathan, Jingji Jin, Shaun E. Peters, Stephen Maren

“…Conversely, theta-paced optogenetic stimulation of RE augments fear suppression and reduces relapse of extinguished fear. …”
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Basolateral amygdala bidirectionally modulates stress-induced hippocampal learning and memory deficits through a p25/Cdk5-dependent pathway by Rei, Damien, Mason, Xenos, Seo, Jinsoo, Rudenko, Andrii, Wang, Jun, Siegert, Sandra, Cho, Sukhee, Deisseroth, Karl, Tsai, Li-Huei, Graeff, Johannes, Rueda IV, Richard, Canter, Rebecca Gail, Mungenast, Alison

“…Here we show that repeated stress is accompanied by generation of the Cdk5 (cyclin-dependent kinase 5)-activator p25, up-regulation and phosphorylation of glucocorticoid receptors, increased HDAC2 expression, and reduced expression of memory-related genes in the hippocampus. A combination of optogenetic and pharmacosynthetic approaches shows that BLA activation is both necessary and sufficient for stress-associated molecular changes and memory impairments. …”
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