Functional organization of the midbrain periaqueductal gray for regulating aversive memory formation by Li-Feng Yeh, Takaaki Ozawa, Joshua P. Johansen

“…Here we sought to identify PAG subregions and cell types which instruct memory formation in response to aversive events. We found that optogenetic inhibition of neurons in the dorsolateral subregion of the PAG (dlPAG), but not the ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG), during an aversive event reduced memory formation. …”
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Role of immediate-early genes in synaptic plasticity and neuronal ensembles underlying the memory trace by Keiichiro eMinatohara, Mika eAkiyoshi, Hiroyuki eOkuno

“…IEG expression has therefore been widely used as a molecular marker for neuronal populations that undergo plastic changes underlying formation of long-term memory. In recent years, optogenetic and pharmacogenetic studies of neurons expressing c-fos or Arc have revealed that, during learning, IEG-positive neurons encode and store information that is required for memory recall, suggesting that they may be involved in formation of the memory trace. …”
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Assessment of Methods for the Intracellular Blockade of GABAA Receptors. by Laura A Atherton, Erica S Burnell, Jack R Mellor

“…To achieve this, intracellular recording with a patch solution capable of blocking GABAA receptors has advantages over other manipulations, such as pharmacological application of GABAergic antagonists or optogenetic inhibition of populations of interneurones, in that the majority of inhibitory transmission is unaffected and hence the remaining network activity preserved. …”
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The locus coeruleus broadcasts prediction errors across the cortex to promote sensorimotor plasticity by Rebecca Jordan, Georg B Keller

“…While imaging calcium activity in layer 2/3 of the primary visual cortex, we found that optogenetic stimulation of LC axons facilitated learning of a stimulus-specific suppression of visual responses during locomotion. …”
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A rapid-onset diffusion functional MRI signal reflects neuromorphological coupling dynamics by Daniel Nunes, Rita Gil, Noam Shemesh

“…Here, we provide the first direct link between in vivo ultrafast dfMRI signals upon rat forepaw stimulation and IOSs in acute slices stimulated optogenetically. We reveal a hitherto unreported rapid onset (<100 ms) dfMRI signal component which (i) agrees with fast-rising IOSs dynamics; (ii) evidences a punctate quantitative correspondence to the stimulation period; and (iii) is rather insensitive to a vascular challenge. …”
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Openspritzer: an open hardware pressure ejection system for reliably delivering picolitre volumes by Forman, C, Tomes, H, Mbobo, B, Burman, R, Baden, T, Raimondo, J

“…Viral transfection of hippocampal interneurons with channelrhodopsin allowed for the optogenetic manipulation of hippocampal circuitry with light. …”

Redesign of ultrasensitive and robust RecA gene circuit to sense DNA damage by Chen, JX, Lim, B, Steel, H, Song, Y, Ji, M, Huang, WE

“…We also showed the potential of this PVRecA‐AT system as an optogenetic actuator, which can be controlled spatially through UV radiation. …”

Contrast gain control occurs independently of both parvalbumin-positive interneuron activity and shunting inhibition in auditory cortex by Cooke, JE, Kahn, M, Mann, EO, King, AJ, Schnupp, JWH, Willmore, BDB

“…First, we performed extracellular recordings in the auditory cortex of anesthetized male mice, and optogenetically manipulated the activity of parvalbumin-positive interneurons while varying the contrast of the sensory input. …”

Sympathetic neuron-associated macrophages contribute to obesity by importing and metabolizing norepinephrine by Pirzgalska, R, Seixas, E, Seidman, J, Link, V, Sánchez, N, Mahú, I, Mendes, R, Gres, V, Kubasova, N, Morris, I, Arús, B, Larabee, C, Vasques, M, Tortosa, F, Sousa, A, Anandan, S, Tranfield, E, Hahn, M, Iannacone, M, Spann, N, Glass, C, Domingos, A

“…Here we identify sympathetic neuron-associated macrophages (SAMs) as a population of cells that mediate clearance of NE via expression of solute carrier family 6 member 2 (SLC6A2), an NE transporter, and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), a degradation enzyme. Optogenetic activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) upregulates NE uptake by SAMs and shifts the SAM profile to a more proinflammatory state. …”

Dopaminergic systems create reward seeking despite adverse consequences by Jovanoski, KD, Duquenoy, L, Mitchell, J, Kapoor, I, Treiber, CD, Croset, V, Dempsey, G, Parepalli, S, Cognigni, P, Otto, N, Felsenberg, J, Waddell, S

“…Odours paired with optogenetic activation of a defined subset of reward-encoding dopaminergic neurons become cues that starved flies seek while neglecting food and enduring electric shock punishment. …”

A low-cost open-source 5-choice operant box system optimized for electrophysiology and optophysiology in mice by Kapanaiah, SKT, van der Veen, B, Strahnen, D, Akam, T, Kätzel, D

“…It is optimized for fast turn-over between animals, and for testing of tethered mice for simultaneous physiological recordings or optogenetic manipulation. For reward delivery, we developed peristaltic and syringe pumps based on a stepper motor and 3D-printed parts. …”

A hippocampus-accumbens tripartite neuronal motif guides appetitive memory in space by Trouche, S, Koren, V, Doig, N, Ellender, T, El-Gaby, M, Lopes Dos Santos, V, Reeve, H, Perestenko, P, Garas, F, Magill, P, Sharott, A, Dupret, D

“…By monitoring neuronal ensembles in mouse dCA1→NAc pathway, combined with cell-type selective optogenetic manipulations of input-defined postsynaptic neurons, we show that dCA1 PYRs drive NAc medium spiny neurons and orchestrate their spiking activity using feedforward inhibition mediated by dCA1-connected parvalbumin-expressing fast-spiking interneurons. …”

Modular interneuron circuits control motion sensitivity in the mouse retina by Andrew Jo, Sercan Deniz, Suraj Cherian, Jian Xu, Daiki Futagi, Steven H. DeVries, Yongling Zhu

“…In this study, we used intersectional mouse genetics to achieve single-cell type labeling and identified an object motion sensitive (OMS) AC type, COMS-AC(counter-OMS AC). Optogenetic stimulation revealed that COMS-AC makes glycinergic synapses with the OMS-insensitive HD2p-RGC, while chemogenetic inactivation showed that COMS-AC provides inhibitory control to HD2p-RGC during local motion. …”
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Does experience provide a permissive or instructive influence on the development of direction selectivity in visual cortex? by Arani Roy, Ian K. Christie, Gina M. Escobar, Jason J. Osik, Marjena Popović, Neil J. Ritter, Andrea K. Stacy, Shen Wang, Jozsef Fiser, Paul Miller, Stephen D. Van Hooser

“…Finally, unpatterned optogenetic activation of the cortex over a period of a few hours is sufficient to produce the rapid emergence of direction selectivity in the naïve ferret cortex, suggesting that information about the direction angle preference that cells will acquire must already be present in the cortical circuit prior to experience. …”
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The medial septum controls hippocampal supra-theta oscillations by Bálint Király, Andor Domonkos, Márta Jelitai, Vítor Lopes-dos-Santos, Sergio Martínez-Bellver, Barnabás Kocsis, Dániel Schlingloff, Abhilasha Joshi, Minas Salib, Richárd Fiáth, Péter Barthó, István Ulbert, Tamás F. Freund, Tim J. Viney, David Dupret, Viktor Varga, Balázs Hangya

“…Unique coupling patterns of anatomically defined MS cell types suggested that indirect MS-to-CA1 pathways via the EC and CA3 mediate distinct CA1 gamma-band oscillations. Optogenetic activation of MS parvalbumin-expressing neurons elicited theta-nested beta-to-gamma oscillations in CA1. …”
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Openspritzer: an open hardware pressure ejection system for reliably delivering picolitre volumes by C. J. Forman, H. Tomes, B. Mbobo, R. J. Burman, M. Jacobs, T Baden, J. V. Raimondo

“…This included viral transfection of hippocampal interneurons with channelrhodopsin for the optogenetic manipulation of hippocampal circuitry with light. …”
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VIP interneuron impairment promotes in vivo circuit dysfunction and autism-related behaviors in Dravet syndrome by Kevin M. Goff, Sophie R. Liebergall, Evan Jiang, Ala Somarowthu, Ethan M. Goldberg

“…VIP-IN and pyramidal neuron activation during behavioral transition from quiet wakefulness to active running is diminished in Scn1a+/− mice, and optogenetic activation of VIP-INs restores pyramidal neuron activity to WT levels during locomotion. …”
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High-frequency oscillations and focal seizures in epileptic rodents by Maxime Lévesque, Massimo Avoli

“…In this review we will: (i) summarize these experimental studies; (ii) consider the evolution of HFOs over time during epileptogenesis; (iii) address data obtained with optogenetic stimulating procedures both in vitro and in vivo, and (iv) take into account the impact of anti-epileptic drugs on HFOs. …”
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Paradoxical network excitation by glutamate release from VGluT3+ GABAergic interneurons by Kenneth A Pelkey, Daniela Calvigioni, Calvin Fang, Geoffrey Vargish, Tyler Ekins, Kurt Auville, Jason C Wester, Mandy Lai, Connie Mackenzie-Gray Scott, Xiaoqing Yuan, Steven Hunt, Daniel Abebe, Qing Xu, Jordane Dimidschstein, Gordon Fishell, Ramesh Chittajallu, Chris J McBain

“…We unequivocally demonstrate CCK+VGluT3+INT-mediated GABA/glutamate cotransmission onto principal cells in adult mice using paired recording and optogenetic approaches. Although under normal conditions, GABAergic inhibition dominates CCK+VGluT3+INT signaling, glutamatergic signaling becomes predominant when glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) function is compromised. …”
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A universal protocol for isolating retinal ON bipolar cells across species via fluorescence-activated cell sorting by Elisa Murenu, Marina Pavlou, Lisa Richter, Kleopatra Rapti, Sabrina Just, Jasmina Cehajic-Kapetanovic, Neda Tafrishi, Andrew Hayes, Rachel Scholey, Robert Lucas, Hildegard Büning, Dirk Grimm, Stylianos Michalakis

“…For these patients, conferring light-sensing abilities to the remaining interneurons of the ON circuit (i.e., ON bipolar cells) using optogenetic tools poses an alternative treatment strategy. …”
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