High-resolution analysis of individual Drosophila melanogaster larvae uncovers individual variability in locomotion and its neurogenetic modulation by Michael Thane, Emmanouil Paisios, Torsten Stöter, Anna-Rosa Krüger, Sebastian Gläß, Anne-Kristin Dahse, Nicole Scholz, Bertram Gerber, Dirk J. Lehmann, Michael Schleyer

“…We further investigated the modulation of locomotion across repeated activations of dopamine neurons in individual animals, and the transient backward locomotion induced by brief optogenetic activation of the brain-descending ‘mooncrawler’ neurons. …”
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Visualizing the Invisible: Advanced Optical Microscopy as a Tool to Measure Biomechanical Forces by Chad M. Hobson, Jesse S. Aaron, John M. Heddleston, Teng-Leong Chew

“…Consequently, many force measurement techniques rely on optical microscopy to measure forces being applied by cells on their environment, to visualize specimen deformations due to external forces, or even to directly apply a physical perturbation to the sample via photoablation or optogenetic tools. Recent developments in advanced microscopy offer improved approaches to enhance spatiotemporal resolution, imaging depth, and sample viability. …”
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The stress susceptibility factor FKBP51 controls S-ketamine-evoked release of mBDNF in the prefrontal cortex of mice by Elmira Anderzhanova, Kathrin Hafner, Andreas J. Genewsky, Azza Soliman, Max L. Pöhlmann, Mathias V. Schmidt, Robert Blum, Carsten T. Wotjak, Nils C. Gassen

“…We used a novel method combining brain microdialysis with a capillary electrophoresis-based immunoassay, to examine mBDNF secretion in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in vivo in freely moving mice. By combining optogenetic, neurochemical (KCl-evoked depolarization), and transgenic (conditional BDNF knockout mice) means, we have shown that the increase in extracellular mBDNF in vivo is determined by neuronal activity. …”
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Memantine Disrupts Motor Coordination through Anxiety-like Behavior in CD1 Mice by Anton N. Shuvaev, Olga S. Belozor, Oleg I. Mozhei, Aleksandra G. Mileiko, Ludmila D. Mosina, Irina V. Laletina, Ilia G. Mikhailov, Yana V. Fritsler, Andrey N. Shuvaev, Anja G. Teschemacher, Sergey Kasparov

“…We previously used memantine to prevent functional damage and to retain morphology of cerebellar neurons and Bergmann glia in an optogenetic mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type-1 (SCA1). …”
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Predictions and experimental tests of a new biophysical model of the mammalian respiratory oscillator by Ryan S Phillips, Hidehiko Koizumi, Yaroslav I Molkov, Jonathan E Rubin, Jeffrey C Smith

“…These predictions were confirmed via optogenetic manipulations of preBötC network excitability during graded INaP or ICAN blockade by pharmacological manipulations in slices in vitro containing the rhythmically active preBötC from the medulla oblongata of neonatal mice. …”
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A Single-Neuron: Current Trends and Future Prospects by Pallavi Gupta, Nandhini Balasubramaniam, Hwan-You Chang, Fan-Gang Tseng, Tuhin Subhra Santra

“…We also elaborate on the recent development of single-neuron isolation, manipulation, and therapeutic progress using advanced micro/nanofluidic devices, as well as microinjection, electroporation, microelectrode array, optical transfection, optogenetic techniques. Further, the development in the field of artificial intelligence in relation to single-neurons is highlighted. …”
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fMRI in Non-human Primate: A Review on Factors That Can Affect Interpretation and Dynamic Causal Modeling Application by D. Blair Jovellar, D. Blair Jovellar, Doris J. Doudet

“…Animal neuroimaging studies offer the potential to improve effective connectivity modeling using DCM through combining functional imaging with invasive procedures such as in vivo optogenetic or electrical stimulation. Employing a Bayesian approach, model parameters are estimated based on prior knowledge of conditions that might be related to neural and BOLD dynamics (e.g., requires empirical knowledge about the range of plausible parameter values). …”
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Optical vagus nerve modulation of heart and respiration via heart-injected retrograde AAV by Arjun K. Fontaine, Gregory L. Futia, Pradeep S. Rajendran, Samuel F. Littich, Naoko Mizoguchi, Kalyanam Shivkumar, Jeffrey L. Ardell, Diego Restrepo, John H. Caldwell, Emily A. Gibson, Richard F. ff Weir

“…One method to overcome these limitations is the use of optogenetic techniques, which facilitate targeted neural communication with light-sensitive actuators (opsins) and can be targeted to organs of interest based on the location of viral delivery. …”
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Activation of the glutamatergic cingulate cortical-cortical connection facilitates pain in adult mice by Xu-Hui Li, Wantong Shi, Qi-Yu Chen, Shun Hao, Hui-Hui Miao, Zhuang Miao, Fang Xu, Guo-Qiang Bi, Min Zhuo

“…Here we investigate the cortical-cortical connection between the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) by using the classic electrophysiological and optogenetic approach. We find that there is a direct synaptic projection from one side ACC to the contralateral ACC. …”
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An opioid-gated thalamoaccumbal circuit for the suppression of reward seeking in mice by Kelsey M. Vollmer, Lisa M. Green, Roger I. Grant, Kion T. Winston, Elizabeth M. Doncheck, Christopher W. Bowen, Jacqueline E. Paniccia, Rachel E. Clarke, Annika Tiller, Preston N. Siegler, Bogdan Bordieanu, Benjamin M. Siemsen, Adam R. Denton, Annaka M. Westphal, Thomas C. Jhou, Jennifer A. Rinker, Jacqueline F. McGinty, Michael D. Scofield, James M. Otis

“…Electrophysiological, optogenetic, and chemogenetic experiments reveal that thalamostriatal neurons innervate accumbal parvalbumin interneurons through synapses enriched with calcium permeable AMPA receptors, and activity within this circuit is necessary and sufficient for the suppression of sucrose seeking regardless of the behavioral suppressor administered. …”
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Loss of oxytocin receptors in hilar mossy cells impairs social discrimination by Yu-Chieh Hung, Yi-Jen Wu, Miao-Er Chien, Yu-Ting Lin, Cheng-Fang Tsai, Kuei-Sen Hsu

“…Using mouse hippocampal slices, we found that bath application of OXTR agonist [Thr4,Gly7]-oxytocin causes membrane depolarization and increases MC firing activity. Optogenetic activation of MC-to-GC circuit ameliorates social discrimination deficit in MC OXTR deficient mice. …”
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Synthetic Physiology: Strategies for Adapting Tools from Nature for Genetically Targeted Control of Fast Biological Processes [Chapter 18] by Chow, Brian Yichiun, Chuong, Amy S., Klapoetke, Nathan Cao, Boyden, Edward Stuart

“…For concreteness, we discuss these methods in the context of the “optogenetic” light-gated ion channels and pumps that we have developed over the past few years as synthetic physiology tools and widely disseminated for use in neuroscience for probing the role of specific brain cell types in neural computations, behaviors, and pathologies. …”
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Distinct prefrontal top-down circuits differentially modulate sensorimotor behavior by Huda, Rafiq, Sipe, Grayson O, Breton-Provencher, Vincent, Cruz, K Guadalupe, Pho, Gerald N, Adam, Elie, Gunter, Liadan M, Sullins, Austin, Wickersham, Ian R, Sur, Mriganka

“…Projection-specific two-photon calcium imaging and optogenetic manipulations show that ACC outputs to the superior colliculus, a key midbrain structure for response selection, principally coordinate specific motor responses. …”
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Two functionally distinct serotonergic projections into hippocampus by Luchetti, Alessandro, Bota, Ayaka, Weitemier, Adam, Mizuta, Kotaro, Sato, Masaaki, Islam, Tanvir, McHugh, Thomas J., Tashiro, Ayumu, Hayashi, Yasunori

“…Here we used in vivo two-photon imaging of activity of hippocampal median raphe projection fibers in behaving male and female mice and identified two distinct populations: one linked to reward delivery and the other to locomotion. Local optogenetic manipulation of these fibers confirmed a functional role for these projections in the modulation of reward-induced behavior. …”
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Cocaine Inhibition of Synaptic Transmission in the Ventral Pallidum Is Pathway-Specific and Mediated by Serotonin by Aya Matsui, Veronica A. Alvarez

“…SERT-expressing neurons in dorsal raphe project to the VP. Optogenetic stimulation of these projections evokes serotonin transients and effectively inhibits GABAergic transmission to VP neurons. …”
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Cortical and Striatal Circuits in Huntington’s Disease by Sonja Blumenstock, Sonja Blumenstock, Irina Dudanova

“…In particular, in vivo imaging studies in mouse HD models have demonstrated early structural and functional disturbances within the cortical network, and optogenetic manipulations of striatal cell types have started uncovering the causal roles of certain neuronal populations in disease pathogenesis. …”
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Combinatorial Pharyngeal Taste Coding for Feeding Avoidance in Adult Drosophila by Yu-Chieh David Chen, Scarlet Jinhong Park, Ryan Matthew Joseph, William W. Ja, Anupama Arun Dahanukar

“…Here, we report that Poxn mutants with a minimal taste system of pharyngeal neurons can avoid many aversive tastants, including bitter compounds, acid, and salt, suggesting that pharyngeal taste is sufficient for rejecting intake of aversive compounds. Optogenetic activation of selected pharyngeal bitter neurons during feeding events elicits changes in feeding parameters that can suppress intake. …”
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Redesign of ultrasensitive and robust RecA gene circuit to sense DNA damage by Jack X. Chen, Boon Lim, Harrison Steel, Yizhi Song, Mengmeng Ji, Wei E. Huang

“…We also showed the potential of this PVRecA‐AT system as an optogenetic actuator, which can be controlled spatially through UV radiation. …”
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The Thalamostriatal System in Normal and Diseased States by Yoland eSmith, Adriana eGalvan, Tommas J Ellender, Natalie eDoig, Rosa M Villalba, Icnelia Huerta Ocampo, Thomas eWichman, Paul eBolam

“…Findings from these studies have led to the recognition of two thalamostriatal systems, based on their differential origin from the caudal intralaminar nuclear group, the centre median/parafascicular (CM/Pf) complex, or other thalamic nuclei. The recent use of optogenetic methods supports this model of the organization of the thalamostriatal systems, showing differences in functionality and glutamate receptor localization at thalamostriatal synapses from Pf and other thalamic nuclei. …”
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A low-cost open-source 5-choice operant box system optimized for electrophysiology and optophysiology in mice by Sampath K. T. Kapanaiah, Bastiaan van der Veen, Daniel Strahnen, Thomas Akam, Dennis Kätzel

“…It is optimized for fast turn-over between animals, and for testing of tethered mice for simultaneous physiological recordings or optogenetic manipulation. For reward delivery, we developed peristaltic and syringe pumps based on a stepper motor and 3D-printed parts. …”
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