Numerical Solution of Second Order Delay Type Differential equation by Collocation Method via First Boubeker Polynomials by Bilal, Muhammad, Norhayati, Rosli, Ahmad, Iftikhar, Ullah, Safi

“…In this paper a numerical method has been applied to solve second order pantograph differential equations via Boubeker polynomial. …”
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A Siamese Network-Based Non-Contact Measurement Method for Railway Catenary Uplift Trained in a Free Vibration Test by Fuchuan Duan, Zhigang Liu, Donghai Zhai, Anders Rønnquist

“…The vibration of the catenary that is initiated by the passing pantograph has a direct influence on the pantograph–catenary contact performance. …”
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Fourier operational matrices of differentiation and transmission: introduction and applications by Toutounian, Faezeh, Tohidi, Emran, Kilicman, Adem

“…Moreover, we extend our methods for generalized Pantograph equations with variable coefficients by using Legendre Gauss collocation nodes. …”
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Operational matrix based on Genocchi polynomials for solution of delay differential equations by Isah, Abdulnasir, Phang, Chang

“…Error estimate for this scheme based on the Generalized pantograph equations is reproduced. Only few terms of Genocchi polynomials are needed to obtain very good results. …”
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Diagonally implicit multistep block method for solving delay volterra integro-differential equation by Baharum, Nur Auni

“…Furthermore, the constant and pantograph delay types indicate that the delay conditions for DVIDE are also considered in this study. …”
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Research on time–frequency characteristics of contact force based on wavelet transform by Fang He, Jian Zhang

“…However, as the running speed of the train increases, the periodic signal of the contact force changes owing to the fluctuation of the catenary and the vibration of the pantograph, which directly affects the stable contact between the pantograph and catenary. …”
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Hybrid multistep block method for solving neutral delay differential equations by Nur Inshirah Naqiah Ismail, Zanariah Abdul Majid, Norazak Senu

“…The initial-value problem for first order single linear neutral delay differential equations (NDDEs) of constant and pantograph delay types have been solved by using hybrid multistep block method. …”
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Numerical computation of third order delay differential equations by using direct multistep method by Jaaffar, N. T., Majid, Z. A., Senu, N.

“…Lagrange interpolation is used to interpolate the delay involved in pantograph problems. The observation of the multistep method in terms of order, consistency, and convergence is also presented in this paper. …”
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Dynamics of Coupled Systems in High-Speed Railways : Theory and Practice / by Zhang, Weihua, author 648914, ScienceDirect (Online service) 7722

“…Dynamics of Coupled Systems in High-Speed Railways: Theory and Practice presents the relationship between various coupled systems that can affect train operation, including interaction between track and train, the pantograph-catenary system and train, power supply system and train, and airflow and train, with respect to the structure and characteristics of high-speed railway. …”
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Exponential Stability of Highly Nonlinear Hybrid Differently Structured Neutral Stochastic Differential Equations with Unbounded Delays by Boliang Lu, Quanxin Zhu, Ping He

“…For example, a specific case is pantograph dynamics, in which the delay term is a proportional function. …”
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Damages of the Section Insulator Guide Caused by Electric Arc by Jarosław Jozef Konieczny, Krzysztof Labisz

“…An electrical discharge occurring during use, which may accompany the passage of the pantograph current collector between adjacent guides, may cause many physical phenomena. …”
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Mechanism of Low-Frequency Oscillation When Electric Multiple Units Pass Neutral Zone, and Suppression Method by Jixing Sun, Kun Zhang, Jiyong Liu, Kaixuan Hu, Jindong Huo, Shengchun Yan, Yan Zhang

“…The article establishes the EMU-contact line-traction substation model, reveals the mechanism of low-frequency oscillation, and ascertains the relationship between the phase angle when the pantograph leaves the line, and low-frequency oscillations. …”
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Non-contact force measurement for current collection in a 25kV overhead line electrified railway by Arthington, M, Barnes, P, Duncan, S

“…This paper reviews the potential utilisation of camera imagery to inform maintenance processes that need to absorb a step change in pantograph movements and OLE management.…”

Electrification Systems & Track Gauges in Railway Systems Engineering / by Frey, Sheilah, author 645114, Spain, Dontae, author 645251

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Sign switching of dimer correlations in SrCu_{2}(BO_{3})_{2} under hydrostatic pressure by S. Bettler, L. Stoppel, Z. Yan, S. Gvasaliya, A. Zheludev

“…The frequency of a particular optical phonon, the so-called pantograph mode, shows a very strong anomalous temperature dependence below about 40 K. …”
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Exact Solvability Conditions for the Non-Local Initial Value Problem for Systems of Linear Fractional Functional Differential Equations by Natalia Dilna, Michal Fečkan

“…All theoretical investigations are shown in the examples. A pantograph-type model from electrodynamics is studied.…”
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Investigation on the fluid-solid coupling effect in high-speed train’s windshield structure by Jiangchuan Ma, Mingzhi Yang, Bosen Qian, Dawei Chen, Shuanbao Yao, Yundong Han, Zhikun Sun, Sha Zhong

“…According to the power spectral density analysis, the vibration frequency of all windshields’ displacement varies between 10.25 Hz and 12.5 Hz. Meanwhile, the pantograph structure will lead to the generation of vortex group, these vortices will lead to additional small low frequency peaks for windshields installed on the downstream direction of pantograph.…”
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Seventeenth-Century ‘double writing’ schemes, and a 1676 letter in the phonetic script and real character of John Wilkins by Poole, W

“…A second section addresses the contents of the letter, namely its author’s attempt to build a workable double writing device, in effect an early ‘pantograph’. Designs for such instruments had been much touted in the 1650s, and the complex history of such proposals is unravelled properly for the first time. …”

An Analysis of the Performance of Trolleybus Brushes Developed from Recycled Materials by Adam Jakubas, Krzysztof Chwastek, Artur Cywiński, Adam Gnatowski, Łukasz Suchecki

“…Brushes are used to ensure good electrical contact between the rail and the pantograph. Slides are produced by the process of hot pressing, with the parameters of heating up to max 175 °C, at the minimal pressure value of 200 MPa. …”
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Behavior of single-point harmonic producer indicators in electrified AC railways by Andrea Mariscotti

“…Some single-point Harmonic Producer Indicators (HPI) based on harmonic active power direction and nonactive distortion power terms are reviewed and evaluated using pantograph voltage and current measured during several hours of runs in two European AC railways (operated at 16.7 and 50 Hz). …”
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