Democratic Security Policy in Colombia: Approaches to an enemy-centric counterinsurgency model by Jerónimo Ríos Sierra, Jaime Zapata García

“…In this regard, the work draws on data from the database on the internal armed conflict expressly facilitated by the Vice-Presidency of the Republic, and by a set of in-depth interviews with the main actors involved in the conflict during the time of the study, from the Government, as well as from the Military Forces, the guerrillas and the paramilitaries.…”
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An Acceptable Level of Violence: Assessing the Development of the British Government’s Security Approach to ‘The Troubles’ From 1969-79 by Rory David McDonald Butcher

“…These were: the implementation of Direct Rule, the so-called “Normalisation” of asymmetric warfare, and the reliance on the local paramilitaries over the British Army. All of these policies can be seen to have failed in particular ways, although careful examination shall explain the logic behind these shifts in British reactionary policy and their effects in the regions of the province of Ulster affected by the conflict. …”
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Un intento por explicar la violencia en Colombia: ¿y si no somos nación? by Víctor de CURREA-LUGO

“…He makes a review of the positions standing by the different forces in conflict —guerrillas, paramilitaries, narcos, Army, USA through its agencies— which allows him to conclude that the generalized and unpunished armed violence is conforming a increasingly unable society to create a colective project.…”
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« Revendiquer nos victimes est la condition première pour avancer sur le chemin de la réconciliation»: construire la paix à travers une politique publique de la mémoire à Medellín... by Julie Lavielle

“…While the civil non-governmental affiliated museum Weaving Memories sketches a portrait of a militant victim who denounces the complicity of the state with the paramilitaries, the municipal Museum House of Memory builds a narrative around the concept of a universal victim, at the same time bruised and resistant, and prone to forgiveness. …”
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Human Rights and Forced Displacement of the Population (a Note about the Difficulties in the Case of Colombia) by Pedro Carballo Armas

“…The armed conflict raging in their society, especially in rural areas where there is little institutional presence, has resulted in a constant struggle in those territories between the “guerrillas” and paramilitaries. The validity of this conflict helps explain the idea of the dispossession suffered and the consequent abandonment of territories by the population, making this sort of internal diaspora called internal displacement. …”
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Deliberation across deep divisions: Transformative moments by Jaramillo Clara Maria, Maia Rousiley C.M., Mameli Simona, Steiner Jürg

“…We organized such group discussions between ex-guerrillas and ex-paramilitaries in Colombia, Serbs and Bosnjaks in Srebrenica, and poor residents and local police officers in the favelas (slums) of Brazil. …”
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Politiche della memoria, vittime e diritti umani. Alcune riflessioni sulla legge Justicia y Paz e la Comisión Nacional de Reparación y Reconciliación in Colombia (2005-2011) by Francesca Casafina

“…Two of the most important measures have been the demobilization of the paramilitaries groups and the Colombia’s Justice and Peace Law, intended to provide truth, reparations and justice for the victims, while a newly created National Reparations and Reconciliation Commission (Comisión Nacional de Reparación y Reconciliación) has been in charge in guaranteeing the real application of these measures. …”
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Des grupos de trabajo aux colectivos : l’évolution des groupes armés progouvernementaux durant l’ère Chávez by Alejandro Velasco

“…Nominally used to refer to a particular subset of pro-government supporters –namely, para-state groups who employ armed violence to enforce the government’s hold on power – conceptually and empirically “colectivos” remain significantly understudied a phenomenon, by some described as “paramilitaries,” by others as “vigilantes,” even at times speculated to control as much as ten percent of Venezuela. …”
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Troubled tales: short stories about the Irish in 1970s London by Murray, Tony

“…The purpose of this chapter is to examine how six short stories depict the ways in which London Irish people, most of whom have no connections to the paramilitaries, are seriously affected by the conflict. …”
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Walking in Troubled Times in Anna Burns’ Milkman by Ellen Dengel-Janic

“…The novel critiques the political situation in Northern Ireland through spatial imagery: Moving through the city space is a rebellious act in the embattled zone controlled by the paramilitaries. The unnamed protagonist’s walks through deserted streets are her form of resistance and her silent but effective rebellion against the tyrannical and chauvinist regime is expressed in her desire to walk and read, to be propelled forward and to move freely in an urban space controlled by sexist and conservative ideology and, at the same time, through her reading, escape into an imaginary space that is different from the tense political situation of late 1970s Belfast. …”
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Concealing Former Identity to Be Accepted After the Demobilization Process in Colombia: A Real Reintegration in a Post Conflict Scenario? by Odile Cuénoud González, Alain Clémence

“…This paper contributes with original data on concealing identities in DDR processes, from a field study conducted in 2014 in Colombia with former members of guerrillas’ group (FARC and ELN) and paramilitaries’ group (AUC) in four different regions in the country (N = 201). …”
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The Electoral History of the Post-Soviet Crimea: from UkSSR to Russia by A. A. Tokarev

“…On the one hand its procedure creates many questions: the lack of equality in the agitation, the presence of paramilitaries, the vote in the absence of actual voter lists, etc. …”
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The Electoral History of the Post-Soviet Crimea: from UkSSR to Russia by Alexey A. Tokarev

“…On the one hand its procedure creates many questions: the lack of equality in the agitation, the presence of paramilitaries, the vote in the absence of actual voter lists, etc. …”
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Mobilisations foncières et logiques d’autonomie des communautés paysannes de l’Urabá colombien (1997-2010) by Stellio Rolland

“…At the local level, civil society has been gradually constituted and several local community organizations have exercised forms of autonomy, away from local irregular armed groups (guerrillas and paramilitaries) and from the central State.…”
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Musical culture and the spirit of Irish nationalism, c. 1848-1972 by Parfitt, R

“…Appropriated British army rituals represented paramilitaries as legitimate national armies. Recycling songs made compositions easier to learn and suggested that new organisations acted as part of a continuous, historical movement. …”

The political economy of internal displacement in Colombia : the case of African palm oil by Loughna, S

“…But Colombians continue to be displaced in very large numbers despite the formal demobilization of the paramilitaries in 2006 and the diminished military capacity and engagement of the guerrillas since about the same period: the same groups that are widely regarded as being the main perpetrators of displacement.…”

Arrangements of convenience: violent non-state actor relationships and citizen security in the shared borderlands of Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela by Idler, A, Annette Idler

“…These border areas attract rebels, paramilitaries and criminal organisations alike: they constitute geo-strategic corridors for the global cocaine industry and are sites of supply and operation for the major actors involved in Colombia’s decades-long armed internal conflict.…”