Phenotypic and integrated analysis of a comprehensive Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 library of mutants lacking cyclic-di-GMP-related genes by Eilers, Kira, Yam, Joey Kuok Hoong, Morton, Richard, Yong, Adeline Mei Hui, Brizuela, Jaime, Hadjicharalambous, Corina, Liu, Xianghui, Givskov, Michael, Rice, Scott A., Filloux, Alain

“…Among the regulatory mechanisms widespread in bacteria, cyclic-di-GMP signaling is one which influences all levels of control. c-di-GMP is made by diguanylate cyclases and degraded by phosphodiesterases, while the intracellular level of this molecule drives phenotypic responses. …”
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa heme metabolites biliverdin IXβ and IXδ are integral to lifestyle adaptations associated with chronic infection by Saba Shahzad, Samuel A. Krug, Susana Mouriño, Weiliang Huang, Maureen A. Kane, Angela Wilks

“…In static conditions, we observed a significant repression of chemosensory pathways and type IV pili biogenesis proteins as well as several phosphodiesterases associated with biofilm dispersal. We propose BVIX metabolites function as signaling and chemotactic molecules integrating heme utilization as an iron source into the adaptation of P. aeruginosa from a planktonic to sessile lifestyle.IMPORTANCEThe opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes long-term chronic infection in the airways of cystic fibrosis patients. …”
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Fertilization and cultivation management promotes soil phosphorus availability by enhancing soil P-cycling enzymes and the phosphatase encoding genes in bulk and rhizosphere soil o... by Asif Khan, Gaoning Zhang, Tianyang Li, Binghui He

“…We also found that fertilization and cultivation managements significantly increased the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), phytase, phosphodiesterases (PDE), and phoC and phoD gene abundance in bulk and rhizosphere soils, with a larger effect on the activity of ALP and the phosphatase encoding phoD gene, especially in T1 and T3 in the rhizosphere. …”
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Comparative genomics analysis of c-di-GMP metabolism and regulation in Microcystis aeruginosa by Meng Chen, Chun-Yang Xu, Xu Wang, Chong-Yang Ren, Jiao Ding, Li Li

“…Results Proteins involved in c-di-GMP metabolism and regulation, such as diguanylate cyclases, phosphodiesterases, and PilZ-containing proteins, were encoded in M. aeruginosa genomes. …”
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Identification of the Regulatory Components Mediated by the Cyclic di-GMP Receptor Filp and Its Interactor PilZX3 and Functioning in Virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae by Muhammad Umar Shahbaz, Shanshan Qian, Fei Yun, Jie Zhang, Chao Yu, Fang Tian, Fenghuan Yang, Huamin Chen

“…Enzyme assays indicated that EdpX2 and HGdpX2 were active phosphodiesterases (PDEs). This study provides a proteomic description of putative regulatory pathway of Filp and PilZX3 and characterized novel factors that contributed to the virulence of X. oryzae pv. oryzae regulated by c-di-GMP signaling.…”
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Case Report: Apremilast for Therapy-Resistant Pemphigus Vulgaris by Katharina Meier, Katharina Meier, Julia Holstein, Farzan Solimani, Jens Waschke, Kamran Ghoreschi, Kamran Ghoreschi

“…A class of enzymes called phosphodiesterases (PDEs) control intracellular cAMP levels. …”
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Design and application of cyclic-di-GMP biosensors. by Ho, Chun Loong.

“…This messenger molecule is synthesized from cellular GTP by diguanylate cyclase (DGC) and hydrolyzed by phosphodiesterases (PDE) to form 5‐pGpG and GMP. In this dissertation, I have designed biosensors that can report the in vitro and in vivo changes of c‐di‐GMP concentration that can be used for elucidating the function of DGC and PDE proteins in the regulation of c‐di‐GMP that modulates the biofilm formation. …”
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PI3 kinases p110α and PI3K-C2β negatively regulate cAMP via PDE3/8 to control insulin secretion in mouse and human islets by Jelena Kolic, Jocelyn E. Manning Fox, Oleg G. Chepurny, Aliya F. Spigelman, Mourad Ferdaoussi, Frank Schwede, George G. Holz, Patrick E. MacDonald

“…Methods: Isolated islets from mice and non-diabetic or T2D human donors, or INS 832/13 cells, were treated with inhibitors of PI3K and/or phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The expression of PI3K-C2β was knocked down using siRNA. …”
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Homeostasis of Second Messenger Cyclic-di-AMP Is Critical for Cyanobacterial Fitness and Acclimation to Abiotic Stress by Marco Agostoni, Marco Agostoni, Alshaé R. Logan-Jackson, Alshaé R. Logan-Jackson, Emily R. Heinz, Geoffrey B. Severin, Eric L. Bruger, Christopher M. Waters, Christopher M. Waters, Beronda L. Montgomery, Beronda L. Montgomery, Beronda L. Montgomery, Beronda L. Montgomery

“…C-di-AMP is synthesized from ATP by diadenylyl cyclases (DAC) and degraded by specific c-di-AMP phosphodiesterases (PDE). C-di-AMP DACs and PDEs are present in all sequenced cyanobacteria, suggesting roles for c-di-AMP in the physiology and/or development of these organisms. …”
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Exploring AI-2-mediated interspecies communications within rumen microbial communities by Xiaozhen Liu, Qinmeng Liu, Sihuai Sun, Hengxi Sun, Yao Wang, Xihui Shen, Lei Zhang

“…Additionally, a universal natural network based on QS revealed how rumen microbes coordinate social behaviors via the AI-2-mediated QS system, most of which may potentially function via AI-2 binding to the extracellular sensor dCache_1 domain to activate corresponding receptors involved in different signal transduction pathways, such as methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, histidine kinases, serine phosphatases, c-di-GMP synthases and phosphodiesterases, and serine/threonine kinases in the rumen. …”
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(p)ppGpp and c-di-AMP Homeostasis Is Controlled by CbpB in <named-content content-type="genus-species">Listeria monocytogenes</named-content> by Bret N. Peterson, Megan K. M. Young, Shukun Luo, Jeffrey Wang, Aaron T. Whiteley, Joshua J. Woodward, Liang Tong, Jue D. Wang, Daniel A. Portnoy

“…Previous studies showed that (p)ppGpp binds and inhibits c-di-AMP phosphodiesterases, resulting in an increase in c-di-AMP. …”
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Abnormal Calcium Handling in Atrial Fibrillation Is Linked to Changes in Cyclic AMP Dependent Signaling by Franziska Reinhardt, Kira Beneke, Nefeli Grammatica Pavlidou, Lenard Conradi, Hermann Reichenspurner, Leif Hove-Madsen, Cristina E. Molina

“…Basal cAMP signaling also showed compartment-specific regulation by phosphodiesterases in atrial myocytes from 44 Ctl and 43 AF patients. …”
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Real-time monitoring of cAMP in brown adipocytes reveals differential compartmentation of β1 and β3-adrenoceptor signalling by Sukanya Arcot Kannabiran, Dominic Gosejacob, Birte Niemann, Viacheslav O. Nikolaev, Alexander Pfeifer

“…Moreover, cyclic nucleotide levels are tightly controlled by phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which can generate subcellular microdomains of cAMP. …”
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Regulation of cyclic AMP signaling during asexual development and pathogenesis in Magnaporthe oryzae by Ravikrishna Ramanujam

“…Utilizing a combination of reverse genetics, biochemical analyses and cell biology techniques, in Chapter I, I identified and functionally characterized two cAMP phosphodiesterases (a high affinity- PdeH and a low affinity PdeL) in M. oryzae. …”
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Ibudilast (MN-166) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis- an open label, safety and pharmacodynamic trial by Suma Babu, Baileigh G. Hightower, James Chan, Nicole R. Zürcher, Pia Kivisäkk, Chieh-En J. Tseng, Danica L. Sanders, Ashley Robichaud, Haruhiko Banno, Armineuza Evora, Akshata Ashokkumar, Lindsay Pothier, Sabrina Paganoni, Sheena Chew, Joanna Dojillo, Kazuko Matsuda, Mark Gudesblatt, James D. Berry, Merit E. Cudkowicz, Jacob M Hooker, Nazem Atassi

“…Ibudilast (MN-166) is an inhibitor of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and phosphodiesterases 3,4,10 and 11 (Gibson et al., 2006; Cho et al., 2010). …”
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Effect of sildenafil and acclimatization on cerebral oxygenation at altitude. by Chan, C, Hoar, H, Pattinson, K, Bradwell, A, Wright, A, Imray, C

“…Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors decrease hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction under hypobaric hypoxia, but are not known to affect cerebral blood flow or oxygenation. …”

The marine toxin, Yessotoxin, induces apoptosis and increases mitochondrial activity by Andrea Fernandez-Araujo, M. Mercedes Rodríguez Vieytes, Ana María Botana

“…YTX activates the Phosphodiesterases (PDEs). This group of toxins can be consumed by humans, however no intoxication events are reported. …”
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