SIPNet & SAHI: Multiscale Sunspot Extraction for High-Resolution Full Solar Images by Dongxin Fan, Yunfei Yang, Song Feng, Wei Dai, Bo Liang, Jianping Xiong

“…Photospheric magnetic fields are manifested as sunspots, which cover various sizes over high-resolution, full-disk, solar continuum images. …”
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Theoretical evaluation of solar proton-proton fusion reaction rate and its uncertainties by Hilla De-Leon, Doron Gazit

“…This change reduces the calculated fluxes of neutrinos originating in 8B and 7Be nuclear reactions in the Sun, thus favoring higher abundances for metallic photospheric elements, in the tension between different composition determination, known as the “Solar Composition Problem”.…”
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Reconstructing the Coronal Magnetic Field: The Role of Cross-field Currents in Solution Uniqueness by Nat H. Mathews, Natasha Flyer, Sarah E. Gibson

“…We present a new 3D magnetohydrostatic (MHS) direct elliptic solver for extrapolating the coronal magnetic field from photospheric boundary conditions in a manner consistent with an assumed plasma distribution. …”
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Three-Dimensional MHD Modeling of Interplanetary Solar Wind Using Self-Consistent Boundary Condition Obtained from Multiple Observations and Machine Learning by Yi Yang, Fang Shen

“…The modeling results present various observational characteristics at different latitudes, and are in better agreement with both the OMNI and Ulysses observations compared to our previous MHD model based only on photospheric magnetic field observations.…”
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Impact of stellar variability on exoplanet detectability and characterisation by Meunier, Nadège

“…This is crucial because it is then possible to compare disk-integrated radial velocities with actual structures on the solar surface, such as spots and plages, and with photospheric flows at different spatial scales. Many physical processes indeed affect the radial velocity measurements: they are mostly due to magnetic features (spots and plages), flows (oscillations, granulation, supergranulation, meridional flows), and to the interactions between magnetic fields and flows (inhibition of the convective blueshift in plages). …”
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Comparison between probability density functions of vertical electric current in solar active regions based on HMI/SDO and SOT/Hinode data by Nechaeva A. B., Zimovets I. V., Sharykin I. N.

“…In this paper, we compare probability density functions of vertical electric current PDF(|jz|) in several active regions, using HMI/SDO and SOT/Hinode photospheric magnetic field data. We have established that at a high value (above the noise level of |jz| ~9•10³ statampere/cm²) of current structures of ARs these functions are nearly identical. …”
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Dynamical evolution of the inner heliosphere approaching solar activity maximum: interpreting Ulysses observations using a global MHD model by P. Riley, Z. Mikić, J. A. Linker

“…We focus on the evolution of several key parameters during this time, including the photospheric magnetic field, the computed coronal hole boundaries, the computed velocity profile near the Sun, and the plasma and magnetic field parameters at the location of Ulysses. …”
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Incorporating polar field data for improved solar flare prediction by Mehmet Aktukmak, Zeyu Sun, Monica Bobra, Tamas Gombosi, Ward B. Manchester IV, Yang Chen, Alfred Hero, Alfred Hero

“…When used to supplement local data from active regions on the photospheric magnetic field of the sun, the polar field data provides global information to the predictor. …”
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Observations of the Hubble Deep Field South with the Infrared Space Observatory - I. Observations, data reduction and mid-infrared source counts by Oliver, S, Mann, R, Carballo, R, Franceschini, A, Rowan-Robinson, M, Kontizas, M, Dapergolas, A, Kontizas, E, Verma, A, Elbaz, D, Granato, G, Silva, L, Rigopoulou, D, Gonzalez-Serrano, J, Serjeant, S, Efstathiou, A, van der Werf, P

“…Merging source lists in the two bands yielded a catalogue of 35 distinct sources, which we calibrated photometrically using photospheric models of late-type stars detected in our data. …”

A transiting giant planet with a temperature between 250 K and 430 K. by Deeg, H, Moutou, C, Erikson, A, Csizmadia, S, Tingley, B, Barge, P, Bruntt, H, Havel, M, Aigrain, S, Almenara, J, Alonso, R, Auvergne, M, Baglin, A, Barbieri, M, Benz, W, Bonomo, A, Bordé, P, Bouchy, F, Cabrera, J, Carone, L, Carpano, S, Ciardi, D, Deleuil, M, Dvorak, R, Ferraz-Mello, S

“…Its periastron distance of 0.36 astronomical units is by far the largest of all transiting planets, yielding a 'temperate' photospheric temperature estimated to be between 250 and 430 K. …”

30-min decayless kink oscillations in a very long bundle of solar coronal plasma loops by Sihui Zhong, Valery M. Nakariakov, Yuhu Miao, Libo Fu, Ding Yuan

“…It provides important evidence for the non-resonant origin of decayless kink oscillations with 2–6 min periods, i.e., the lack of their link with the leakage of photospheric and chromospheric oscillations into the corona and the likely role of the broadband energy sources. …”
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A Mini Atlas of H-Band Spectra of Southern Symbiotic Stars by Paula Esther Marchiano, María Laura Arias, Michaela Kraus, Michalis Kourniotis, Andrea Fabiana Torres, Lydia Sonia Cidale, Marcelo Borges Fernandes

“…To fit the observed photospheric CO absorption bands, we used the MARCS atmosphere models. …”
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Time-dependent Dynamics of the Corona by Emily I. Mason, Roberto Lionello, Cooper Downs, Jon A. Linker, Ronald M. Caplan, Marc L. DeRosa

“…Each time step evolves the previous state of the plasma with a new magnetic field input boundary condition, mimicking photospheric driving on the Sun. We find that this method produces a qualitatively different corona compared to steady-state models. …”
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Model Atmosphere Spectrum Fit to the Soft X-Ray Outburst Spectrum of SS Cyg by V. F. Suleimanov, C. W. Mauche, R. Ya. Zhuchkov, K. Werner

“…Because the spectrum resembles the photospheric spectra of super-soft X-ray sources, we tried to fit it with high gravity hot LTE stellar model atmospheres with solar chemical composition, specially computed for this purpose. …”
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MEASUREMENTS OF STELLAR INCLINATIONS FOR KEPLER PLANET CANDIDATES. II. CANDIDATE SPIN-ORBIT MISALIGNMENTS IN SINGLE- AND MULTIPLE-TRANSITING SYSTEMS by Hirano, Teruyuki, Takeda, Yoichi, Narita, Norio, Takahashi, Yasuhiro H., Sanchis Ojeda, Roberto, Winn, Joshua Nathan

“…Those same spectra were used to determine the star's photospheric parameters (effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity), which were then interpreted with stellar-evolutionary models to determine stellar radii. …”
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Stellar Chromospheric Variability by Richard de Grijs, Devika Kamath

“…The presence of strong and variable magnetic fields is evidenced by photospheric starspots, chromospheric plages and coronal flares, as well as by strong Ca <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">ii</span> H+K and H<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> emission, combined with the presence of ultraviolet resonance lines. …”
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Quiet Sun magnetic fields: an observational view by Luis Bellot Rubio, David Orozco Suárez

“…Quiet Sun fields are observed to evolve in a coherent way, interacting with each other as they are advected by the horizontal photospheric flows. They appear and disappear over surprisingly short time scales, bringing large amounts of magnetic flux to the solar surface. …”
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Stellar Turbulent Convection: The Multiscale Nature of the Solar Magnetic Signature by Stefano Scardigli, Francesco Berrilli, Dario Del Moro, Luca Giovannelli

“…In particular, it is possible to study the geometry of convection using the photospheric magnetic voids (or simply voids), the quasi-polygonal quiet regions nearly devoid of magnetic elements, which cover the whole solar surface and which form the solar magnetic network. …”
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Computing nonlinear force free coronal magnetic fields by T. Wiegelmann, T. Wiegelmann, T. Neukirch

“…However, the direct measurement of coronal magnetic fields is not possible with present methods, and therefore the coronal field has to be extrapolated from photospheric measurements. Due to the low plasma beta the coronal magnetic field can usually be assumed to be approximately force free, with electric currents flowing along the magnetic field lines. …”
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Evidence for an external origin of heavy elements in hot DA white dwarfs by Barstow, M, Barstow, J, Casewell, S, Holberg, J, Hubeny, I

“…These elements are then retained in the white dwarf atmospheres by radiative levitation, a model that can explain both the diversity of measured abundances for stars of similar temperature and gravity, including cases with apparently pureH envelopes, and the presence of photospheric metals at temperatures where radiative levitation is no longer effective. © 2014 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.…”