Neck mobility in the Jurassic plesiosaur Cryptoclidus eurymerus: finite element analysis as a new approach to understanding the cervical skeleton in fossil vertebrates by Tanja Wintrich, René Jonas, Hans-Joachim Wilke, Lars Schmitz, P. Martin Sander

“…Here we quantify neck mobility in lateral, ventral, and dorsal directions based on finite element modeling of neck vertebrae from the Middle Jurassic plesiosaur Cryptoclidus eurymerus. We model the mobility in a single motion segment, consisting of two adjacent cervical vertebrae and the joints connecting them. …”
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A plesiosaurian autopodial element (Plesiosauria indet.) with remarkable articular subchondral surfaces from the Maastrichtian type area (south-east Netherlands) by Lars P.J. Barten, Eric W.A. Mulder, John W.M. Jagt

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Foreflipper and hindflipper muscle reconstructions of Cryptoclidus eurymerus in comparison to functional analogues: introduction of a myological mechanism for flipper twisting by Anna Krahl, Ulrich Witzel

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Anningasaura, a basal plesiosaurian (Reptilia, Plesiosauria) from the Lower Jurassic of Lyme Regis, United Kingdom by Vincent, P, Benson, R

“…This juvenile plesiosaur specimen was originally referred to Plesiosaurus macrocephalus. …”

Findings of marine reptilesin the Upper Cretaceous of Middle Urals by V. M. Efimov, A. I. Malikov

“…The first description of the complex of bones from one individual plesiosaur marine reptile from the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Central Urals is done; the reptiles remains of different species encountered in these sediments so far. …”
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Findings of marine reptilesin the Upper Cretaceous of Middle Urals by V. M. Efimov, A. I. Malikov

“…The first description of the complex of bones from one individual plesiosaur marine reptile from the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Central Urals is done; the reptiles remains of different species encountered in these sediments so far. …”
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Recognising and quantifying the evolution of skeletal paedomorphosis in Plesiosauria by Ricardo Araújo, Adam S. Smith

“…We compiled a database of all published plesiosaur specimens and recorded their skeletal maturity status. …”
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Late Jurassic teeth of plesiosauroid origin from the Owadów-Brzezinki Lägerstatte, Central Poland by Łukasz Weryński, Błazej Błażejowski

“…Together with previous findings of plesiosaur material in a nearby region, it provides the evidence for the presence of Plesiosauroidea in Owadów-Brzezinki Lägerstatte.…”
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A reappraisal of Polyptychodon (Plesiosauria) from the Cretaceous of England by Daniel Madzia

“…middle Santonian), suggests that the taxon is based on a multispecies assemblage, possibly incorporating members of different plesiosaur clades. Due to the absence of any autapomorphic characters or unique character combinations in the original material, Polyptychodon interruptus, the type species of Polyptychodon, is considered nomen dubium. …”
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Evolution of the sauropterygian labyrinth with increasingly pelagic lifestyles by Neenan, JM, Reich, T, Evers, SW, Druckenmiller, PS, Voeten, DFAE, Choiniere, JN, Barrett, PM, Pierce, SE, Benson, RBJ

“…In contrast, plesiosaurs have compact, bulbous labyrinths, sharing some features with those of sea turtles. …”

Latest Cretaceous mosasaurs and lamniform sharks from Labirinta cave, Vratsa District (northwest Bulgaria): A preliminary note by Jagt John W.M., Motchurova-Dekova Neda, Ivanov Plamen, Cappetta Henri, Schulp Anne S.

“…Finally, some remarks on mosasaur and plesiosaur distribution during the Campanian-Maastrichtian across Europe are added.…”
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Visualizing and quantifying biomineral preservation in fossil vertebrate dental remains by Matthew B. Cowen, Marc de Rafélis, Loïc Ségalen, Benjamin P. Kear, Maïtena Dumont, Živilė Žigaitė

“…We present visual comparisons of elemental compositions in fish and plesiosaur dental remains ranging in age from Silurian to Cretaceous, based on a combination of micro-scale optical cathodoluminescence (CL) observations (optical images and scanning electron microscope) with in-situ minor, trace and rare earth element (REE) compositions (EDS, maps and REE profiles), as a tool for assessing diagenetic processes and biomineral preservation during fossilization of vertebrate dental apatite. …”
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Aesthetic-remarkable localities of Kharkiv region as geotourism objects by Володимир Космачов, Марія Космачова

“….; tectonic – are visible folds and faults – for example, Kamenska anticline; paleogeographical – consists of geological evidences of different conditions of sedimentation – for example, the Oxfordian bioherms, Kimmeridgian lagoonal deposits; geomorphological – remarkable forms of surface, such as limestone rocky outcrops of Iziumska Suites; hydrogeological – the Jurassic springs (Big Kamenka outcrops); raw materials – Turonian chalk, phosphorite concretions in the Cenomanian sediments, which have practical value; mining history  – remainders of chalk quarry on the summit of the Kremenec hill; memorial – prominent geologists' work-places and spots of findings of valuable geological materials, such as Cenomanian plesiosaur Cimoliosaurus bernardi Owen in Kremenec and others. …”
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Feeding design in free-living mesostigmatid chelicerae (Acari: Anactinotrichida) by Bowman, CE

“…Several uropodines (Eviphis ostrinus, the omnivore Trachytes aegrota, Urodiaspis tecta and, Uropoda orbicularis) have more elongate chelicerae (greater reach) than their chelal gape would suggest, even allowing for allometry across mesostigmatids. They may be: plesiosaur-like high-speed strikers of prey, scavenging carrion feeders (like long-necked vultures), probing/burrowing crevice feeders of cryptic nematodes, or small morsel/fragmentary food feeders. …”

Large size in aquatic tetrapods compensates for high drag caused by extreme body proportions by Susana Gutarra, Thomas L. Stubbs, Benjamin C. Moon, Colin Palmer, Michael J. Benton

“…The relationship between drag and shape highlights the impact of selective pressures on shape variation and innovation and sheds light on the evolution of long necks in plesiosaurs…”
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The rise of macropredatory pliosaurids near the Early-Middle Jurassic transition by Sven Sachs, Daniel Madzia, Ben Thuy, Benjamin P. Kear

“…Abstract The emergence of gigantic pliosaurid plesiosaurs reshaped the trophic structure of Mesozoic marine ecosystems, and established an  ~ 80 million-year (Ma) dynasty of macropredatory marine reptiles. …”
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The oldest elasmosaurs (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from Antarctica, Santa Marta Formation (upper Coniacian? Santonian–upper Campanian) and Snow Hill Island Formation (upper Campa... by José P. O'Gorman

“…These records greatly improve our knowledge of the taxonomic diversity of plesiosaurs of the Santa Marta Formation and Herbert Sound Member of the Snow Hill Island Formation, and extend the lower limit of the record of Elasmosauridae in Antarctica to the lower Campanian, making this the oldest record of an Antarctic elasmosaur.…”
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How Elongated? The Pattern of Elongation of Cervical Centra of <i>Elasmosaurus platyurus</i> with Comments on Cervical Elongation Patterns among Plesiosauromorphs by José Patricio O’Gorman

“…Elasmosaurids comprise some of the most extreme morphotypes of plesiosaurs. Thus, the study of their neck and vertebrae elongation patterns plays a crucial role in understanding the anatomy of elasmosaurids. …”
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About the book «When the Volga was the sea. Leviathan and the pilgrims» by V. N. Komarov

“…Many remains of ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs, and pliosaurs, which are extremely important for understanding the evolution of Mesozoic marine reptiles, were preserved in the rocks left over from the Russian sea. …”
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Rapid neck elongation in Sauropterygia (Reptilia: Diapsida) revealed by a new basal pachypleurosaur from the Lower Triassic of China by Qi-Ling Liu, Long Cheng, Thomas L. Stubbs, Benjamin C. Moon, Michael J. Benton, Chun-Bo Yan, Li Tian

“…Abstract Neck elongation has appeared independently in several tetrapod groups, including giraffes and sauropod dinosaurs on land, birds and pterosaurs in the air, and sauropterygians (plesiosaurs and relatives) in the oceans. Long necks arose in Early Triassic sauropterygians, but the nature and rate of that elongation has not been documented. …”
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