Quantitative histological models suggest endothermy in plesiosaurs by Corinna V. Fleischle, Tanja Wintrich, P. Martin Sander

“…Background Plesiosaurs are marine reptiles that arose in the Late Triassic and survived to the Late Cretaceous. …”
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Plasticity and convergence in the evolution of short-necked plesiosaurs by Fischer, V, Benson, R, Zverkov, N, Soul, L, Arkhangelsky, M, Lambert, O, Stenshin, I, Uspensky, G, Druckenmiller, P

“…Plesiosaurs were the longest-surviving group of secondarily marine tetrapods, comparable in diversity to today's cetaceans. …”

An integrated approach to understanding the role of the long neck in plesiosaurs by Leslie F. Noè, Michael A. Taylor, Marcela Gómez-Pérez

“…The evolution and function of the long neck in plesiosaurs, and how the problems associated with stiffness or flexibility were overcome during feeding, or rapid swimming during predator avoidance, are explored, and a new interpretation for the function of the plesiosaur neck is presented. …”
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The completeness of the fossil record of plesiosaurs, marine reptiles from the Mesozoic by Samuel L. Tutin, Richard J. Butler

“…Plesiosaurs were a highly successful group of marine reptiles occurring worldwide in the Jurassic and Cretaceous, but to date few studies have focused on their preservation through time. …”
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Computer Simulations Imply Forelimb-Dominated Underwater Flight in Plesiosaurs. by Shiqiu Liu, Adam S Smith, Yuting Gu, Jie Tan, C Karen Liu, Greg Turk

“…Previous studies have investigated plesiosaur swimming using a variety of methods, including skeletal analysis, human swimmers, and robotics. …”
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Foramina in plesiosaur cervical centra indicate a specialized vascular system by T. Wintrich, M. Scaal, P. M. Sander

“…We posit that these foramina are not for nutrient transfer to the vertebral centrum but that they are the osteological correlates of a highly paedomorphic vascular system in the neck of plesiosaurs. This is the retention of intersegmental arteries within the vertebral centrum that are usually obliterated during sclerotome re-segmentation in early embryonic development. …”
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A new plesiosaur from the Lower Jurassic of Portugal and the early radiation of Plesiosauroidea by EDUARDO PUÉRTOLAS-PASCUAL, MIGUEL MARX, OCTÁVIO MATEUS, ANDRÉ SALEIRO, ALEXANDRA E. FERNANDES, JOÃO MARINHEIRO, CARLA TOMÁS, SIMÃO MATEUS

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Estimating the evolutionary rates in mosasauroids and plesiosaurs: discussion of niche occupation in Late Cretaceous seas by Daniel Madzia, Andrea Cau

“…Observations of temporal overlap of niche occupation among Late Cretaceous marine amniotes suggest that the rise and diversification of mosasauroid squamates might have been influenced by competition with or disappearance of some plesiosaur taxa. We discuss that hypothesis through comparisons of the rates of morphological evolution of mosasauroids throughout their evolutionary history with those inferred for contemporary plesiosaur clades. …”
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A method for deducing neck mobility in plesiosaurs, using the exceptionally preserved Nichollssaura borealis by Ramon S. Nagesan, Donald M. Henderson, Jason S. Anderson

“…The elongate-necked aquatic plesiosaurs existed for 135 Myr during the Mesozoic. …”
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Exquisite skeletons of a new transitional plesiosaur fill gap in the evolutionary history of plesiosauroids by Sven Sachs, Stefan Eggmaier, Daniel Madzia

“…Plesiosaurs are Mesozoic reptiles fully adapted to an aquatic lifestyle. …”
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Determination of muscle strength and function in plesiosaur limbs: finite element structural analyses of Cryptoclidus eurymerus humerus and femur by Anna Krahl, Andreas Lipphaus, P. Martin Sander, Ulrich Witzel

“…It is still controversial whether plesiosaurs flew underwater, rowed, or used a mixture of the two modes of locomotion. …”
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Hematological convergence between Mesozoic marine reptiles (Sauropterygia) and extant aquatic amniotes elucidates diving adaptations in plesiosaurs by Corinna V. Fleischle, P. Martin Sander, Tanja Wintrich, Kai R. Caspar

“…Plesiosaurs are a prominent group of Mesozoic marine reptiles, belonging to the more inclusive clades Pistosauroidea and Sauropterygia. …”
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High diversity, low disparity and small body size in plesiosaurs (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. by Roger B J Benson, Mark Evans, Patrick S Druckenmiller

“…The initial radiation of plesiosaurs was characterised by high, but short-lived, diversity of an archaic clade, Rhomaleosauridae. …”
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A CRETACEOUS PLESIOSAUR REMAIN (REPTILIA, SAUROPTERYGIA) FROM THE ARGILLE VARICOLORI OF VARZI (PAVIA, LOMBARDY, NORTHERN ITALY) by SIVIO RENESTO

“…The first finding of a plesiosaur remain in Italy is reported. The specimen, a single humerus has been collected in the Argille Varicolori formation, in an outcrop close to the village ol Zavattarello near Varzi (Pavia, Lombardy, Northern Italy). …”
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High diversity, low disparity and small body size in plesiosaurs (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from the Triassic-Jurassic boundary by Benson, R, Evans, M, Druckenmiller, P

“…The initial radiation of plesiosaurs was characterised by high, but short-lived, diversity of an archaic clade, Rhomaleosauridae. …”

A new plesiosaurian from the Jurassic–Cretaceous transitional interval of the Slottsmøya Member (Volgian), with insights into the cranial anatomy of cryptoclidids using computed to... by Aubrey Jane Roberts, Patrick S. Druckenmiller, Benoit Cordonnier, Lene L. Delsett, Jørn H. Hurum

Subjects: “…Plesiosaur…”
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PLESIOSAURS (DIAPSIDA, SAUROPTERYGIA) FROM LATE CRETACEOUS (LATE CAMPANIAN–EARLY MAASTRICHTIAN) MARGINAL MARINE ENVIRONMENTS FROM NORTH PATAGONIA by José O´Gorman

“…The Allen and La Colonia formations show the early stages of this change, and were deposited in a complex asso- ciation of marginal marine environments, including coastal and marine deposits (i.e., flood plains, estuaries and lagoons). The plesiosaurs from the Allen and La Colonia formations included at least three species, each with a distinctive morphotype, representing a high diversity in the Late Cretaceous. …”
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The first record of freshwater plesiosaurian from the Middle Jurassic of Gansu, NW China, with its implications to the local palaeobiogeography by Ting Gao, Da-Qing Li, Long-Feng Li, Jing-Tao Yang

Subjects: “…Freshwater plesiosaur…”
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Neck mobility in the Jurassic plesiosaur Cryptoclidus eurymerus: finite element analysis as a new approach to understanding the cervical skeleton in fossil vertebrates by Tanja Wintrich, René Jonas, Hans-Joachim Wilke, Lars Schmitz, P. Martin Sander

“…Here we quantify neck mobility in lateral, ventral, and dorsal directions based on finite element modeling of neck vertebrae from the Middle Jurassic plesiosaur Cryptoclidus eurymerus. We model the mobility in a single motion segment, consisting of two adjacent cervical vertebrae and the joints connecting them. …”
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A plesiosaurian autopodial element (Plesiosauria indet.) with remarkable articular subchondral surfaces from the Maastrichtian type area (south-east Netherlands) by Lars P.J. Barten, Eric W.A. Mulder, John W.M. Jagt

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