PRO ET CONTRA: about the Research of B. A. Alborov “Ossetian Safa and the Jewish Sabaoth” by S. G. Ktsoeva

“…The issue of Abrahamic borrowings in the ethnic religion of Ossetians (the only Iranian-speaking ethnic group in the North Caucasus, which is an ethnic descendant of Scythians-Sarmatians-Alans) is considered, which is a synthesis of monotheism and ancient polytheism. It has survived to this day and even survives a peculiar, renaissance in the post-Soviet period, which explains the relevance of the study. …”
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Influence of the Septuagint on the Typological Interpretation of Joshua and His Deeds in Justin Martyr's "Dialogue with Trypho, the Jew" by Leszek Misiarczyk

“…The influence of the Septuagint on Justin's interpretation is manifested in several elements: the name Joshua, in Hebrew יְהוֹשֻעַ, according to the Septuagint, sounds exactly the same as the name of Jesus Christ ̓Ιησοῦς and is the basis for the presentation of Joshua as a type of Christ; the second circumcision of the Israelites by Joshua with stone knives after entering the Promised Land was a type and foreshadowing of the spiritual circumcision of the Gentile heart by Jesus Christ from stones, that is pagan deities and the error of the world; the blood of circumcision at Gilgal was a type of the blood of Christ's; stone knives (μαχαίρας πετρίνας) were a type of the teaching and words of Christ with which he circumcises the hearts of the pagans; the heap of twelve stones was a type of many heathens circumcised from the false polytheism.…”
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Yhwh, the Goddess and Evil: Is 'monotheism' an adequate concept to describe the Hebrew Bible's discourses about the God of Israel? by Thomas C. R�mer

“…This diversity makes it difficult to characterise the Hebrew Bible as the result of a straightforward evolution from polytheism to monotheism.</span><br />…”
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A STYLISTIC STUDY OF ANTITHETICAL PARALLELISM IN THE QUR’ĀN by Hamzah Abdurraheem

“…Findings revealed that parallelisms in the Qur’ān are knitted in two main clauses (compound sentences), complex and compound-complex sentences yoked together in equivalent structures to express diverse themes such as belief versus disbelief, reward versus punishment, uprightness versus evil, monotheism versus polytheism, attributes, qualities and descriptions of Allah, etc. …”
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Critique of the view of the author of Al-Manar commentary on the impermissibility of pilgrimage and claiming that Shiites are graves by fatemeh fallah tafti

“…Rashid Reza, for example, in his commentary on Al-Manar, which is one of the most important commentaries of the Sunnis, states the reasons for being a gravedigger and the relation of polytheism to the Shiites. He, who has borrowed these arguments from his Salafi predecessors, Ibn Taymiyyah, explains these arguments by quoting verses from the Qur'an. …”
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Panbabylonism in Russian historical scholarship of the first third of the 20th century: From criticism to exploitation by A.A. Popova

“…Subsequently, the scholars accepted and developed many of the concepts of panbabylonism, such as initial polytheism of all Semitic tribes, borrowing of Babylonian cultural concepts by Israel and their indirect influence on Christianity; assyriologists began to research the development of babylonian mathematics and astronomy.…”
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An Analysis of Structure of the “Companions of the Cave” Narrative in the Holy Quran by Mohammad Reza Hajbaba’i, Mohammad Nikkhah Monfared

“…The time and the place of the story are not particularly recounted as if the story can hold true for any confrontation of tawhid )monotheism) and shirk (polytheism), and even the time of the narrative is divided into two periods of “shirk” and “faith” according to the conditions of the society. …”
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CONCERNING INTERPRETATION OF PRECEDENT TEXTS IN WORKS BY CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA by Александр Юрьевич Братухин (Alexander U. Bratukhin)

“…Comparison of Clement’s liberty when handling pagan writings with earlier Christian writers’ more or less accurate rendering of words by classic poets allows us to see the development of Christian literature style: we can observe the transition from using verses from ancient poems as “evidence” against polytheism to turning them into exempla, literary background. …”
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The semantic geometry of defamation of God and the role of ontology in its drawing by Hossein Hassanzadeh

“…The finding of the research is that several concepts are semantically related to "defamation of God"; These concepts include: guidance, growth, misguidance, harm, mercy, forgiveness, charity, distortion of religion, polytheism, disbelief, idolatry, solitude, divine curse, divine wrath, cruelty, divine punishment, happiness, misery, salvation and security…”
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Hubungan Sosial Kemasyarakatan antara Ahl Al-Kitâb dan Muslim (Kajian Kitab Tafsîr al-Mannâr karya Muhammad Rasyid Ridha) by Mahmud Rifaannudin, Syamsul Hadi Untung

“…Thus, Muhammad Rasyid Ridha in al-Mannâr argues that ahl al-kitâb were not polystheists, but the mean of polytheists was Arab polytheism, because they did not have aposthes and scripture as a guide. therefore in the case of eating slaughter and marrying women, ahl al-kitâb allowed. …”
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Exploring the Main Similarities Between the Concept of Divinity and Eastern Beliefs among Hinduism, Buddhism and Taoism by Eman Mohammed

“…The study also showed that Eastern beliefs meet in a plurality the gods, and gradually and passed through stages in the search for the god that meets their needs, they worshiped the forces of nature, totem, man, and others, and practiced magic, sorcery, astrology, and other manifestations of polytheism. Key words: Buddhism, Confucius, Divinity, Eastern beliefs, Hindus …”
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The Criticism of Vahhabism’s Thinking Foundations in Leadership, Heresy and its Manifestions by Emphesising Allameh Tabatabaei’s Views by Kavoos Rouhi Barandagh, Leila Moradi

“…This article by showing the fundamental deviation of this sect in analyzing polytheism with emphasis on the views of Allameh Tabatabaei has criticized it and has reached to the conclusion that loose irrational ideas of Wahhabism has caused advocate scholars of this sect to present an incorrect definition of the manifestations of heresy and development in its scope. …”
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Explanation of the Content Integrity of Sūhra Luqmān, Based on Qualitative Content Analysis Method by Zahra Sarfi

“…In addition, it contains a number of concepts concerning the wisdom, including: gratefulness, Monotheism, obedience, guidance, mercifulness, salvation, in contrary to some other concepts related to amusement (<em>lahw</em>) such as: infidelity, Polytheism, ignorance, oppression, and deviation.…”
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Global Salafism Study of Roel Meijer's Views by Syukri Syukri

“…Wahhabism has a doctrine of returning to the Koran and al-Hadith, purging monotheism from various polytheism, accepting ijtihad, and rejecting taqlid. …”
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Ateisme dalam wacana Ilmu Kalam by Wan Haslan Khairuddin

“…In conclusion, ‘Ilm al-Kalam is suitable for its purpose, which is to convict the Islamic faith (ithbat al-'aqa'id al-diniyyah) and reject any doubt (daf 'alshubah) is a medium such as in the face of confusion of thought whether a group that does not believe in the existence of god (atheism) ) or idolatrous groups (polytheism).…”
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A Comparison of the Parables in the Holy Quran and the New Testament by Fereshteh Darabi, Abbas Ashraf Ashrafi

“…In this way, the greatest number of proverbs in the Qur'an is devoted to the issue of monotheism and polytheism, and in the New Testament, the description of the kingdom of God. …”
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Holy Koran\\\'s Pattern in the Cultural Communication of Islam and Christianity by Habibollah Arzani, Hamed Ehtemam

“…What has a vital importance in this communication is the monotheism and refusal of polytheism. The ways to attain this goal are the seven ones which we pointed out in the article&nbsp;…”
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The Artistic Representation of Jesus in Hermann Cohen's Aesthetics by Ezio Gamba

“…We can state that in Cohen's works this problem is posed with reference to three different religious fields: Greek polytheism, Jewish monotheism and Christianity. The topic of this essay will be Cohen's thought about the artistic representation of the divine in Christianity or in Christian art through the representation of Jesus. …”
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Implementing The Spirit of Jihad in Sufism by Meirison Meirison, M. Harir Muzakki

“…Both in eradicating evil, re-implementing the Islamic Shari'a, abolishing polytheism, and Jihad. Jihad that has long been forgotten by Muslims in the late Ottoman period. …”
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The Ashuragraphy of Wahhabi Historaians: An Analytical study of Features of Wahhabian Narrative from the Event of Karbala by Mahdi Ebadi, Seyedeh Saeedeh Aghili

“…Furthermore, purposive selection of historical resources of Karbala upraising, accusing Shia of  worshiping graves  and polytheism, unrealistic conclusions from related events to Ashura, and distortion of successive historical literatures and reports can be considered as other feature of  Ashuragraphy of  Wahhabism historions.…”
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