Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4·4 million participants by NCD Risk Factor Collaboration, (NCD-RisC)

“…We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue. …”

Development of Nonstructural Protein-Based Indirect ELISA to Identify Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) Infection in Asian Elephants (<i>Elephas maximus</i>) by Thunyamas Guntawang, Tidaratt Sittisak, Pallop Tankaew, Chatchote Thitaram, Varangkana Langkapin, Taweepoke Angkawanish, Tawatchai Singhla, Nattawooti Sthitmatee, Wei-Li Hsu, Roongroje Thanawongnuwech, Kidsadagon Pringproa

“…The ELISAs demonstrated values of 77.9% (95% posterior probability interval (PPI) = 52.5–95%) sensitivity and 87.7% (PPI = 82.5–91.9%) specificity, respectively. …”
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Meta-Analysis and Multivariate GWAS Analyses in 77,850 Individuals of African Ancestry Identify Novel Variants Associated with Blood Pressure Traits by Brenda Udosen, Opeyemi Soremekun, Abram Kamiza, Tafadzwa Machipisa, Cisse Cheickna, Olaposi Omotuyi, Mahmoud Soliman, Mamadou Wélé, Oyekanmi Nashiru, Tinashe Chikowore, Segun Fatumo

“…Of the 19 independent SNPs identified in the BP meta-analysis, only 11 variants had posterior probability (PP) of > 50%, including one novel variant: rs562545 (<i>MOBP</i>, PP = 77%). …”
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On the accuracy and reproducibility of a novel probabilistic atlas-based generation for calculation of head attenuation maps on integrated PET/MR scanners by Chen, Kevin T., Izquierdo-Garcia, David, Poynton, Clare B., Chonde, Daniel B., Catana, Ciprian

“…Methods Continuous-valued linear attenuation coefficient maps (“μ-maps”) were generated by combining atlases that provided the prior probability of voxel positions belonging to a certain tissue class (air, soft tissue, or bone) and an MR intensity-based likelihood classifier to produce posterior probability maps of tissue classes. These probabilities were used as weights to generate the μ-maps. …”
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Discordance between self-reported and performance-based physical function in patients who have knee osteoarthritis: associations with pain intensity and negative affect by Pua, Yong-Hao, Tan, Bryan Yijia, Low, Juanita, Woon, Ee-Lin, Yeo, Seng-Jin, Clark, Ross A., Bettger, Janet P., Pereira, Michelle J., Tan, Chun-Yue, Thumboo, Julian

“…In Bayesian regression analyses, knee pain intensity had >99% posterior probability of positive associations with WOMAC-PPM discordance. …”
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A New Algivorous Heterolobosean Amoeba, Euplaesiobystra perlucida sp. nov. (Tetramitia, Discoba), Isolated from Pilot-Scale Cultures of Phaeodactylum tricornutum by Hanwen Zhang, Qing He, Xiaoying Jiang, Hongxia Wang, Yulu Wang, Mingyang Ma, Qiang Hu, Yingchun Gong

“…Its phylogenetic branch was clustered with one uncultured heterolobosean clone (bootstrap support/posterior probability = 100%/1.00). Results of feeding experiments demonstrated that E. perlucida could graze on various unicellular and filamentous eukaryotic microalgae (chlorophytes, chrysophytes, euglenids, and diatoms) and cyanobacteria. …”
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Multipoint 5D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance - accelerated cardiac- and respiratory-motion resolved mapping of mean and turbulent velocities by Jonas Walheim, Hannes Dillinger, Sebastian Kozerke

“…Velocity-vector fields and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) were obtained using a Bayesian approach maximizing the posterior probability given the measured data. The scan time of 5D Flow CMR was set to 4 min. 5D Flow CMR with acceleration factors of 19 .0 ± 0.21 (mean ± std) and velocity encodings (VENC) of 0.5 m/s and 1.5 m/s per axis was compared to navigator-gated 2x SENSE accelerated 4D Flow CMR with VENC = 1.5 m/s in 9 subjects. …”
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Are web-based stress management interventions effective as an indirect treatment for depression? An individual participant data meta-analysis of six randomised trials by Claudia Buntrock, Dirk Lehr, Leif Boss, David Daniel Ebert, Elena Heber, Mathias Harrer, Patricia Nixon, Antonia A Sprenger, Hanna Heckendorf

“…The incremental impact of guidance was estimated at d=−0.25 (95% CrI: −1.30 to 0.82), with a 35% posterior probability that guided and unguided formats produce equivalent effects.Conclusions Our results indicate that web-based stress management can serve as an indirect treatment, yielding effects comparable with direct interventions for depression. …”
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Multi-Range Conditional Random Field for Classifying Railway Electrification System Objects Using Mobile Laser Scanning Data by Jaewook Jung, Leihan Chen, Gunho Sohn, Chao Luo, Jong-Un Won

“…We formulate two long-range pairwise potentials as the log posterior probability obtained by the naive Bayes classifier. …”
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Sustained attention induces altered effective connectivity of the ascending thalamo-cortical relay in obsessive-compulsive disorder by Mario A. Yacou, Asadur Chowdury, Philip Easter, Gregory L. Hanna, David R. Rosenberg, Vaibhav A. Diwadkar

“…Bayesian model averaging (BMA), was used to weight connectivity parameter estimates across all models, with each parameter weighted by each model’s posterior probability, thus providing more stable estimates of effective connectivity. …”
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A Continuous Aerobic Resistance Exercise Protocol for Concussion Rehabilitation Delivered Remotely via a Mobile App: Feasibility Study by Michael G Hutchison, Alex P Di Battista, Matthew M Loenhart

“…In addition, adherence to the plan resulted in a decrease in reported symptom burden with 94% posterior probability. ConclusionsFollowing concussion, a CARE protocol delivered through a mobile app resulted in no adverse effects with 14% (n=3/21) attrition over 3 sessions. …”
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Phylogenetic Relationships in Earthworm <i>Megascolex</i> Species (<i>Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae</i>) with Addition of Two New Species by Azhar Rashid Lone, Samrendra Singh Thakur, Pooja Tiwari, Samuel Wooster James, Shweta Yadav

“…The first clade consisted of six species: <i>M. cochinensis cochinensis</i>, <i>M. polytheca polytheca</i>, <i>M. polytheca zonatus</i>, <i>M. konkanensis konkanensis</i>, <i>M. filiciseta</i>, and <i>M. auriculata</i> with strong posterior probability support. The second clade consisted of M. travancorensis travancorensis, <i>M. papparensis</i> sp. nov, and <i>M. vazhichlensis</i> sp. nov with strong support. …”
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Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor neutralisation in patients with axial spondyloarthritis in the UK (NAMASTE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase... by Worth, C, Al-Mossawi, MH, MacDonald, J, Fisher, BA, Chan, A, Sangupta, R, Packham, J, Gaffney, K, Gullick, N, Cook, JA, Corn, TH, Teh, J, Machado, PM, Taylor, PC, Bowness, P

“…At week 12, the proportion of patients who had an ASAS20 clinical response was lower in the namilumab group (14 of 36) than in the placebo group (three of six; estimated between-group difference 6·8%). The Bayesian posterior probability η was 0·72 (>0·927 suggests high clinical significance). …”

The design and statistical aspects of VIETNARMS: A strategic post-licensing trial of multiple oral direct-acting antiviral hepatitis C treatment strategies in Vietnam by McCabe, L, White, IR, NV Vinh Chau, Barnes, E, Pett, SL, Cooke, GS, Walker, AS

“…We will use Bayesian monitoring at interim analyses to detect and stop recruitment into unsuccessful strategies, defined by more than 0.95 posterior probability that the true cure rate is less than 90% for the individual randomly assigned group (non-comparative). …”

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor neutralisation in patients with axial spondyloarthritis in the UK (NAMASTE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase... by Worth, C, Al-Mossawi, M, MacDonald, J, Fisher, B, Chan, A, Sengupta, R, Gaffney, K, Gullick, N, Cook, J, Corn, TH, Teh, J, Machado, PM, Taylor, P, Bowness, P

“…At week 12, the proportion of patients who had an ASAS20 clinical response was lower in the namilumab group (14 of 36) than in the placebo group (three of six; estimated between-group difference 6·8%). The Bayesian posterior probability η was 0·72 (>0·927 suggests high clinical significance). …”

A Bayesian reanalysis of the Standard versus Accelerated Initiation of Renal-Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury (STARRT-AKI) trial by Zampieri, FG, da Costa, BR, Vaara, ST, Lamontagne, F, Rochwerg, B, Nichol, AD, McGuinness, S, McAuley, DF, Ostermann, M, Wald, R, Bagshaw, SM

“…<p><strong>Results</strong></p> The posterior probability of benefit comparing an accelerated versus a standard KRT initiation strategy for the primary endpoint suggested no important difference, regardless of the prior used (absolute difference of 0.13% [95% credible interval [CrI] − 3.30%; 3.40%], − 0.39% [95% CrI − 3.46%; 3.00%], and 0.64% [95% CrI − 2.53%; 3.88%] for neutral, optimistic, and pessimistic priors, respectively). …”

Assessment of DNA barcoding regions for identification of Malaysian banana cultivars by Zulkifli, Abdul Rahman

“…For phylogenetic analysis, ITS2 managed to resolve monophyletic clades for all cultivars, which were strongly supported by bootstrap and posterior probability values. Nevertheless, none of the barcode candidates exhibited clear “barcoding gap”. …”
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Intrinsic connections between fronto-parietal network during mental arithmetic tasks by Zulkifli, Nor Saradatul Akmar

“…DLPFC connection during single-digit MM task was the only one that was significant (Posterior probability, P < 0.90) on the left hemisphere compared to other tasks. …”
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Genome-Wide SNP Markers for Genotypic and Phenotypic Differentiation of Melon (<i>Cucumis melo</i> L.) Varieties Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing by Do Yoon Hyun, Raveendar Sebastin, Gi-An Lee, Kyung Jun Lee, Seong-Hoon Kim, Eunae Yoo, Sookyeong Lee, Man-Jung Kang, Seung Bum Lee, Ik Jang, Na-Young Ro, Gyu-Taek Cho

“…The Bayesian phylogenetic tree provided the intraspecific relationships among the three melon varieties that formed, as expected, individual clusters exhibiting the greatest genetic distance based on the posterior probability. The haplotype analysis also supported the phylogeny result by generating three major networks for 48 haplotypes. …”
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A multicenter phase II trial of paclitaxel, carboplatin, and cetuximab followed by chemoradiotherapy in patients with unresectable locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the h... by Tomohiro Enokida, Takenori Ogawa, Akihiro Homma, Kenji Okami, Shujiro Minami, Ayako Nakanome, Yasushi Shimizu, Daisuke Maki, Yuri Ueda, Takao Fujisawa, Atsushi Motegi, Akira Ohkoshi, Jun Taguchi, Koji Ebisumoto, Shogo Nomura, Susumu Okano, Makoto Tahara

“…PCE was planned to be deemed effective if the Bayesian posterior probability (PP), defined as the probability that %CRT completion was larger than the threshold value of 65%, exceeded 84%. …”
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