A colorimetric field method to assess the authenticity of drugs sold as the antimalarial artesunate. by Green, MD, Mount, D, Wirtz, R, White, N

“…Among other antimalarials tested, (i.e. artemisinin, artemether, chloroquine, quinine, primaquine, sulfadoxine, and pyrimethamine) only artesunate produced a positive color reaction at pH 4. …”

The management of patients with severe malaria. by Day, N, Dondorp, A

“…Parenteral artesunate is now the treatment of choice in low-transmission areas and in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy, and research is underway into whether it should replace quinine as the treatment of choice in African children. …”

Resistance to antimalarials by Plasmodium falciparum in Arso PIR, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. by Baird, J, Basri, H, Jones, T, Purnomo, Bangs, M, Ritonga, A

“…Standard in vitro microtests were also performed on parasites from 11 volunteers against chloroquine, amodiaquine, quinine, pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine, and and mefloquine. …”

Pentoxifylline as an adjunct therapy in children with cerebral malaria. by Lell, B, Köhler, C, Wamola, B, Olola, C, Kivaya, E, Kokwaro, G, Wypij, D, Mithwani, S, Taylor, T, Kremsner, P, Newton, C

“…METHODS: Ten children admitted to the high dependency unit of the Kilifi District Hospital in Kenya with cerebral malaria (Blantyre coma score of 2 or less) received quinine plus a continuous infusion of 10 mg/kg/24 hours PTX for 72 hours. …”

Malaria: severe, life-threatening. by Sheehy, S, Angus, B

“…CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: dexamethasone, exchange blood transfusion, initial blood transfusion, intramuscular artemether, intravenous and intramuscular artesunate, intravenous and intramuscular dihydroartemisinin, quinine, and rectal/intravenous/intramuscular artemisinin and its derivatives.…”

Plasmodium berghei infection: dichloroacetate improves survival in rats with lactic acidosis. by Holloway, P, Knox, K, Bajaj, N, Chapman, D, White, N, O'Brien, R, Stacpoole, P, Krishna, S

“…This model of metabolic dysfunction, which is similar to that of severe human malaria, was used to test the hypothesis that dichloroacetate, a treatment for lactic acidosis, prolonged survival in rats receiving a single antimalarial dose of quinine (20 mg/kg). Rats with hyperlactatemia (lactate > 5 mmol/liter, N = 183) were randomized to receive either dichloroacetate (100 mg/kg, N = 99) or saline (N = 84) and were monitored for outcome (survival or death) for 50 hr. …”

Pharmacokinetic determinants of the window of selection for antimalarial drug resistance. by Stepniewska, K, White, N

“…Drugs with elimination half-lives of less than 1 day, such as the artemisinins and quinine, do not select for resistance during the elimination phase.…”

The pfmdr1 gene is associated with a multidrug-resistant phenotype in Plasmodium falciparum from the western border of Thailand. by Price, R, Cassar, C, Brockman, A, Duraisingh, M, van Vugt, M, White, N, Nosten, F, Krishna, S

“…This study assessed genetic polymorphisms in the pfmdr1 gene in 54 parasites collected from the western border of Thailand to determine the relationship of pfmdr1 copy number and codon mutations with parasite sensitivities to mefloquine, chloroquine, halofantrine, quinine, and artesunate assessed in vitro. A point mutation at codon 86 (resulting in a change of Asn to Tyr) was associated with a significantly lower 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of mefloquine (median, 9 ng/ml versus 52.4 ng/ml; P = 0.003). …”

A comparison of the in vivo kinetics of Plasmodium falciparum ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen-positive and -negative erythrocytes. by Newton, P, Chotivanich, K, Chierakul, W, Ruangveerayuth, R, Teerapong, P, Silamut, K, Looareesuwan, S, White, N

“…The rate of rise of the RESA-RBC count during the first 24 hours after antimalarial treatment was significantly faster (P =.036) and the subsequent RESA-RBC survival significantly shorter (P =.017) after treatment with an artemisinin derivative than after treatment with quinine. Parasitization of red cells leads to changes in the erythrocyte that shorten their survival even if the parasite is removed subsequently.…”

The Representation of Information About Taste and Odor in the Orbitofrontal Cortex by Rolls, E, Critchley, H, Verhagen, J, Kadohisa, M

“…Information theory analysis shows a robust representation of taste in the orbitofrontal cortex, with an average mutual information of 0.45 bits for each neuron about which of six tastants (glucose, NaCl, HCl, quinine-HCl, monosodium glutamate, and water) was present, averaged across 135 gustatory neurons. …”

Malaria by White, N, White, N, Pukrittayakamee, S, Hien, T, Faiz, M, Mokuolu, O, Dondorp, A, Dondorp, A

“…In large trials, parenteral artesunate (an artemisinin derivative) reduced severe malaria mortality by 22·5% in Africa and 34·7% in Asia compared with quinine, whereas adjunctive interventions have been uniformly unsuccessful. …”

Babesia microti a rare infective cause of transfusion dependent anaemia and proteinuria, eight cases series report seen over nine years from a Benin City University Teaching Hospit... by Lofor PVO, Lofor AE

“…Combination of clindamycin and quinine aborted the transfusion dependent anaemia and proteinuria amidst other varied clinical presentation in less than twenty- four hours of therapy for all eight cases of Babesiosis. …”
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Catalytic Asymmetric Difluoroalkylation Using In Situ Generated Difluoroenol Species as the Privileged Synthon by Xiongda Xie, Shanliang Dong, Kemiao Hong, Jingjing Huang, Xinfang Xu

“…As demonstrated in catalytic asymmetric aldol reaction and Mannich reactions with ketones or imines in the presence of chiral organocatalysts, quinine‐derived urea, and chiral phosphoric acid (CPA), respectively, this relay catalysis strategy provides an effective platform for applying asymmetric fluorination chemistry. …”
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Study of the Relationship between Taste Sensor Response and the Amount of Epigallocatechin Gallate Adsorbed Onto a Lipid-Polymer Membrane by Yuhei Harada, Yusuke Tahara, Kiyoshi Toko

“…The relationships between the CPA value and the amount of adsorbed taste substances, quinine and iso-α acid (bitterness), and tannic acid (astringency), have been studied so far. …”
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Mitochondrial matrix pH acidifies during anoxia and is maintained by the F1Fo‐ATPase in anoxia‐tolerant painted turtle cortical neurons by Peter John Hawrysh, Leslie Thomas Buck

“…Inhibition of K+/H+ exchange via quinine led to a collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm) during oxygenated conditions in turtle cortical neurons, as indicated by rhodamine‐123 fluorescence, and this occurred twice as quickly during anoxia which indicates an elevation in K+ conductance. …”
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Multifunctional Portable System Based on Digital Images for In-Situ Detecting of Environmental and Food Samples by Diego Barzallo, Jorge Benavides, Víctor Cerdà, Edwin Palacio

“…The proposed device was used for the determination in situ of norfloxacin, allura red, and quinine in water and beverages samples, respectively. …”
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Analisis Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Biji Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis by Tien Wahyu Handayani, Yulistien Yusuf, Joni Tandi

“…Alkaloids using test parameters equivalent total alkaloid quinine, flavonoids use parameter test equivalent of the total flavonoids quercetin, saponin using test parameters from Quillaja total saponins and tannins quantitative bark using test parameters total tannin tannic acid equivalent. …”
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Neurological manifestations of malaria by Gustavo C. Román, Nimal Senanayake

“…Hypoglycemia, largely in patients treated with quinine, may complicate the cerebral symptomatology. …”
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Subsidio para a história do paludismo em S. Tomé. Considerações sobre uma epidemia. by J L Baptista

“…At that time, methods of control of "fevers" were already defined including drainage of swamps, cleansing of the environment and use of quinine for prophylaxis and treatment. At the beginning of the XXth century, with the first epidemiological investigations, global plans of medical assistance and free delivery of chloroquine were elaborated. …”
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Novel, Fully Characterised Bovine Taste Bud Cells of Fungiform Papillae by Habtom Ftuwi, Rheinallt Parri, Afzal R. Mohammed

“…Initially, cultured BTBCs were characterised using RT-PCR gene expression profiling, immunocytochemistry, flowcytometry and calcium imaging, that confirmed the cells were mature TBCs that express taste receptor genes, taste specific protein markers and capable of responding to taste stimuli, i.e., denatonium (2 mM) and quinine (462.30 μM). Gene expression analysis of forty-two genes implicated in taste transduction pathway (map04742) using custom-made RT-qPCR array revealed high and low expressed genes in BTBCs. …”
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