Refugees and Racism in Canada by Anthony H. Richmond

“…Examples of interpersonal and systemic racism in Canada are considered in the context of multicultural policies and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. …”
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Book Review: Mascarenhas, M. (2012). Where the Waters Divide: Neoliberalism, White Privilege, and Environmental Racism in Canada by Rosie B. Simms

“…This article provides a critical review of Michael Mascarenhas' book, Where the Waters Divide: Neoliberalism, White Privilege, and Environmental Racism in Canada.…”
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Reversing Racism in the Time of Reconciliation? Settler Colonialism, Race, and Alberta Teachers by Danielle Lorenz

“…Utilizing settler colonialism as a theoretical framework, this article uses the history of race as a concept and an exploration of terms related to racism to refute the possibility of white people experiencing racism in Canada. The article concludes that settler colonialism and racism are coexisting and oppressive systems that prohibit reconciliatory thinking for settlers.   …”
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Who is counted? Ethno-racial and indigenous identities in the Census of Canada, 1871-2021 by Kevin Manuel, Rosa Orlandini, Alexandra Cooper

“… Finding data on race, racialized populations, and anti-racism in Canada can be a complex process when conducting research. …”
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Multicultural Policies and Interethnic Relations: Canada by Ružica Čičak-Chand

“…In fact, the existing deep tensions in the society between two value systems – on the one hand, the reality of wide-spread racism, and on the other hand, the commitment to an ideology of liberal democracy, as well as poor results in integration policies, as indicated by marked unemployment, low incomes and poverty, especially in immigrant communities – have led to more and more frequent references to a prevailing “democratic racism” in Canada. With regard to the mentioned context, this paper first of all aims to indicate certain specificities in the development of ethnic relations and of multicultural policy, which are engrained and at the same time limited by their particular historical origin. …”
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Quantifying intersecting structural racism in the youth criminal justice system: a whole-population linked administrative data study from Manitoba. by Marni Brownell, Stephanie Sinclair, Nathan Nickel, Lorna Turnbull, Rick Linden, Rosemary Ricciardelli, Wendy Au, Jennifer Enns, Mariette Chartier, Marcelo Urquia, Alyson Mahar, Elizabeth Wall-Wieler, Dan Chateau, Matthew Sanscartier, Hygiea Casiano, Farzana Quddus, Drew Lambert, Ivy Ferland

“…Objectives Over three decades ago, the Aboriginal Justice Inquiry identified structural racism in Canada’s justice system. Although rates of youth criminal charges and incarcerations have declined substantially since then, it is unclear whether First Nations youth are treated differently than non-First Nations youth for similar offences. …”
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EQUIP Emergency: study protocol for an organizational intervention to promote equity in health care by Colleen Varcoe, Vicky Bungay, Annette J. Browne, Erin Wilson, C. Nadine Wathen, Kat Kolar, Nancy Perrin, Scott Comber, Amélie Blanchet Garneau, David Byres, Agnes Black, Elder Roberta Price

“…Health inequities are unjust differences in health and well-being between and within groups of people caused by socially structured, and thus avoidable, marginalizing conditions such as poverty and systemic racism. In Canada, such conditions disproportionately affect Indigenous persons, racialized newcomers, those with mental health and substance use issues, and those experiencing interpersonal violence. …”
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