The p38/MK2 Pathway Functions as Chk1-Backup Downstream of ATM/ATR in G₂-Checkpoint Activation in Cells Exposed to Ionizing Radiation by Daxian Luo, Emil Mladenov, Aashish Soni, Martin Stuschke, George Iliakis

“…The results extend the spectrum of actionable strategies and targets in current efforts to enhance the radiosensitivity in tumor cells.…”
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Towards Personalized Treatment Strategies for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma; A Review on the Molecular Characterization of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Current Research Efforts on Ind... by Sanne J. M. Hoefnagel, Jurjen J. Boonstra, Marjolein J. A. M. Russchen, Kausilia K. Krishnadath

“…Unfortunately, the molecular heterogeneity of EAC which determines the chemo- and radiosensitivity of these cancers are not taken into account. …”
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CircRNAs in Tumor Radioresistance by Yining Gao, Jiawen Gao, Fei Lin, Ting Wang, Sitong Huo, Jiefang Wu, Qi Zhou, Chao Zhang

“…As some tumor cells are no longer radiosensitive, tumor radioresistance has since become a challenge in treating tumors. …”
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Performance of an offline systematic error correction strategy in pediatric patients receiving adjuvant conformal radiotherapy for Wilm's tumor. by Rashid Mussa Mruma, Nazima Dharsee, Christina Vallen Malichewe, Jumaa Dachi Kisukari, Furahini Yoram, Hemed Said Myanza, Stephen Shedrack Meena, Geofrey Filbert Soko

“…The success of radiotherapy depends on the precise delivery of radiation dose to the tumor while sparing radiosensitive structures in the vicinity of the tumor. …”
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FN1 promotes prognosis and radioresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: From radioresistant HNSCC cell line to integrated bioinformatics methods by Xiaojun Tang, Qinglai Tang, Xinming Yang, Zi-An Xiao, Gangcai Zhu, Tao Yang, Qian Yang, Ying Zhang, Shisheng Li

“…In order to screen radioresistant biomarkers and mechanisms associated with HNSCC, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with radioresistance in HNSCC were investigated.Methods: The HNSCC cell line with radioresistance, Hep2-R, was established and detected the radiosensitivity using MTT, colony formation assay and flow cytometry analysis. …”
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Microcolony Size Distribution Assay Enables High-Throughput Cell Survival Quantitation by Ngo, Le P, Ge, Jing, Samson, Leona D, Engelward, Bevin P

“…We demon-strate efficacy via studies of radiosensitivity andchemosensitivity and show that the approach isamenable to multiplexing. …”
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Targeting micrometastases: The effect of heterogeneous radionuclide distribution on tumor control probability by Falzone, N, Lee, B, Able, S, Malcolm, J, Terry, S, Alayed, Y, Vallis, K

“…This ability is attributed to the relative radiosensitivity of MDA-MB-468 cells, high nuclear uptake of the radiopeptide, and uniform distribution of radioactivity throughout the spheroid. …”

Targeting the PI3K/mTOR and ATR/Chk1 pathways to improve radiation efficacy for cancer therapy by Fokas, E

“…The role of the PI3K/mTOR signalling pathway in tumour radiosensitivity and tumour microenvironment (TME) was examined using three, recently-developed signalling inhibitors obtained from Novartis Pharma: NVP-BEZ235 (dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor), NVP-BGT226 (dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor) and NVP-BKM120 (single PI3K inhibitor). …”

Tumour-stroma interaction in pancreatic cancer by Lunardi, S

“…Clonogenic survival assays of several PCC lines cocultured with PSCs showed decreased radiosensitivity. This effect was abrogated by inhibition of the β1-integrin/FAK signalling pathway. …”

Association of Bacteroides acidifaciens relative abundance with high-fibre diet-associated radiosensitisation by Then, CK, Paillas, S, Wang, X, Hampson, A, Kiltie, A

“…The gut microbiome in responders was predicted to be enriched for carbohydrate metabolism pathways, and in vitro experiments on the transplanted human bladder cancer cell line suggested a role for microbial-generated short-chain fatty acids and/or other metabolites in the enhanced radiosensitivity of the tumour cells.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong> Soluble high-fibre diets sensitised tumour xenografts to irradiation, and this phenotype was associated with modification of the microbiome and positively correlated with B. acidifaciens abundance. …”

In Vitro Propagation and Determination of Dose for Mutation Induction in Torch Ginger (Etlingera Elatior Jack.) by Abu Harirah, Asnita

“…Irradiation of seeds was done using gamma rays from 60Co source at levels of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy at a dose rate of 0.225 Gy / sec. From radiosensitivity test results, a 100% survival rate was recorded from the control and 10 Gy treatments. …”
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Cytotoxic and radiosensitising effects of a novel thioredoxin reductase inhibitor in breast cancer by Abdullah, Nurul Akmaryanti, Inman, Martyn, Moody, Christopher J., Storr, Sarah J., Martin, Stewart G.

“…Results show that treatment with IQ9 significantly inhibited thioredoxin reductase activity, and inhibited cell growth and colony formation of breast cancer cells with IC50 values in the low micromolar ranges. Enhanced radiosensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer cells was observed, with sensitiser enhancement ratios of 1.20-1.43, but with no evident radiosensitisation of luminal breast cancer cell lines. …”
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A New Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Enhances Radiation Sensitivity through the Induction of Misfolded Protein Aggregation and Autophagy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Hui-Wen Chiu, Ya-Ling Yeh, Sheng-Yow Ho, Yuan-Hua Wu, Bour-Jr Wang, Wei-Jan Huang, Yuan-Soon Ho, Ying-Jan Wang, Li-Ching Chen, Shih-Hsin Tu

“…Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) can serve as radiosensitizers. In this study, we investigated whether a novel HDACi, TMU-35435, could reinforce radiosensitivity through the induction of misfolded protein aggregation and autophagy in TNBC. …”
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Risk assessment based on effective patient radiation doses during multislice spiral computed tomography by D. A. Zaredinov, M. V. Li

“…The radiation risk assessment was carried out on the basis of the effective dose using the nominal ICRP risk coefficients adjusted for age-related radiosensitivity. According to the results of the studies, it was found that when examining the head area, the effective doses of patients ranged from 1.3 ± 0.3 to 1.9 ± 0.2 mSv, the neck area – from 1.3 ± 0.3 to 2.4 ±0.3 mSv, the chest area – from 5.3 ± 0.7 to 6.6 ± 1,9 mSv, abdomen – from 7.0 ± 1.0 to 8.8 ± 1.6 mSv, small pelvis – from 7.8 ± 1.0 to 10.8 ± 2.5 mSv. …”
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β-Naphthoflavone Activation of the Ah Receptor Alleviates Irradiation-Induced Intestinal Injury in Mice by Xiaoliang Zhou, Deguan Li, Wenqing Xu, Heng Zhang, Hao Wang, Gary H. Perdew

“…The mechanism of BNF reducing the IECs radiosensitivity was associated with cell cycle arrest and suppression of cell proliferation. …”
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Three-Dimensional Tumor Spheroids as a Tool for Reliable Investigation of Combined Gold Nanoparticle and Docetaxel Treatment by Kyle Bromma, Abdulaziz Alhussan, Monica Mesa Perez, Perry Howard, Wayne Beckham, Devika B. Chithrani

“…The use of nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles (GNPs), to improve radiosensitivity and act as drug delivery systems can mitigate toxicity while increasing deposited tumor dose. …”
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Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor CIP2A indicates resistance to radiotherapy in rectal cancer by Eva‐Maria Birkman, Adam Elzagheid, Terhi Jokilehto, Tuulia Avoranta, Eija Korkeila, Jarmo Kulmala, Kari Syrjänen, Jukka Westermarck, Jari Sundström

“…In conclusion, these results suggest that by contributing to radiosensitivity of cancer cells, low CIP2A protein expression level associates with a favorable response to long‐course (C)RT in rectal cancer patients.…”
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Predicting the Tumour Response to Radiation by Modelling the Five Rs of Radiotherapy Using PET Images by Rihab Hami, Sena Apeke, Pascal Redou, Laurent Gaubert, Ludwig J. Dubois, Philippe Lambin, Dimitris Visvikis, Nicolas Boussion

“…These concepts include reoxygenation, DNA damage repair, cell cycle redistribution, cellular radiosensitivity and cellular repopulation. In this study, we used a multi-scale model, which included the five Rs of radiotherapy, to predict the effects of radiation on tumour growth. …”
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Hypoxia-responsive circular RNA circAAGAB reduces breast cancer malignancy by activating p38 MAPK and sponging miR-378 h by Kuan-Yi Lee, Chia-Ming Liu, Li-Han Chen, Chien-Yueh Lee, Tzu-Pin Lu, Li-Ling Chuang, Liang-Chuan Lai

“…Results The results showed that circAAGAB reduced cell colony formation, cell migration, and signaling through p38 MAPK pathway, as well as increased radiosensitivity. Conclusion These findings suggest that the oxygen-responsive circAAGAB acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, and may contribute to the development of a more specific therapeutic regimen for breast cancer.…”
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Cyclophilin B Expression Is Associated with In Vitro Radioresistance and Clinical Outcome after Radiotherapy by Paul D. Williams, Charles R. Owens, Jaroslaw Dziegielewski, Christopher A. Moskaluk, Paul W. Read, James M. Larner, Michael D. Story, William A. Brock, Sally A. Amundson, Jae K. Lee, Dan Theodorescu

“…Functional inhibition of PPIB by small interfering RNA depletion or CsA treatment leads to radiosensitization in cancer cells and reduced cellular DNA repair. …”
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