Enhancement of radiation therapy by indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 inhibition through multimodal mechanisms by Hiroaki Nozawa, Tetsuro Taira, Hirofumi Sonoda, Kazuhito Sasaki, Koji Murono, Shigenobu Emoto, Yuichiro Yokoyama, Yuzo Nagai, Shinya Abe, Soichiro Ishihara

“…Clonogenic assay showed that administration of 1-MT improved radiosensitivity by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activated by radiation and enhancing cell cycle arrest induced by radiation. …”
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A bioinformatics analysis, pre-clinical and clinical conception of autophagy in pancreatic cancer: Complexity and simplicity in crosstalk by Milad Ashrafizadeh, Wei Zhang, Rongjun Zou, Gautam Sethi, Daniel J. Klionsky, Xianbin Zhang

“…Furthermore, protective autophagy stimulates drug resistance and gemcitabine resistance in PC cells, and its inhibition can enhance radiosensitivity. Autophagy can degrade MHC-I to mediate immune evasion and also regulates polarization of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. …”
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Combination therapy for patients with advanced forms of distal rectal cancer during neoadjuvant thermoradiotherapy by Yu. A. Barsukov, S. I. Tkachev, Z. Z. Mamedli, A. G. Perevoshchikov, O. A. Vlasov, V. M. Kulushev, V. A. Aliev, S. V. Goncharov

“…LMH has a universal radiosensitizing potential that can increase tumor radiosensitivity and improve treatment outcomes.…”
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MicroRNA-17-5p and MicroRNA-130b-3p Promote Radioresistance of Glioma Stem Cells by Targeting PTEN/AKT/HIF-1α Pathway-Controlled Phosphopentose Metabolism by Tao Xie, Yu-Hao Ding, Jun Dong, Xi-An Fu

“…This study aimed to investigate the effects of miR-17-5p and miR-130b-3p on the radiosensitivity of GSCs. Methods. miR-17-5p and miR-130b-3p expressions in SU3 and SU3-5R cells were determined. …”
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Imaging DNA damage repair in vivo following 177Lu-DOTATATE therapy by O'Neill, E, Kersemans, V, Allen, P, Terry, S, Baguna Torres, J, Mosley, M, Smart, S, Lee, B, Falzone, N, Vallis, K, Konijnenberg, M, De Jong, M, Nonnekens, J, Cornelissen, B

“…&nbsp;<strong>Results:</strong>&nbsp;Clonogenic survival after external-beam radiotherapy was cell-line&ndash;specific, indicating varying levels of intrinsic radiosensitivity. Regarding in vitro cell lines treated with&nbsp;¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE, clonogenic survival decreased and &gamma;H2AX foci increased for cells expressing high levels of somatostatin receptor subtype 2. …”

The impact of radiobiologically-informed dose prescription on the clinical benefit of yttrium-90 SIRT in colorectal cancer patients by Abbott, EM, Falzone, N, Lee, BQ, Kartsonaki, C, Winter, H, Greenhalgh, TA, McGowan, DR, Syed, N, Denis-Bacelar, AM, Boardman, P, Sharma, RA, Vallis, KA

“…Mean, median, and D70 (minimum dose to 70% of tumor volume) values determined from dose maps were correlated with change in tumor volume and vRECIST response using linear and logistic regression, respectively. Radiosensitivity parameters determined by clonogenic assays of mCRC cell lines HT-29 and DLD-1 after exposure to 90Y or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT; 6MV photons) were used in biological effective dose (BED) calculations. …”

Determination of lethal (LD) and growth reduction (GR)doses on acute and chronic gamma- irradiated Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.]varieties by Muhammad Sani, Ismaila, Mohd Yusop, Mohd Rafii, Nazli, Muhamad Hazim, Ramlee, Shairul Izan, Harun, Abdul Rahim, Oladosu, Yusuff

“…The present study was conducted to evaluate the radiosensitivity of two Bambara groundnut varieties irradiated with acute and chronic gamma irradiations to determine the lethal dose (LD) and growth reduction dose (GR). …”
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Radiation-induced gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome as a function of age by Hongyan Li, Herman C. Kucharavy, Carla Hajj, Liyang Zhao, Guoqiang Hua, Ryan Glass, Phillip B. Paty, Zvi Fuks, Richard Kolesnick, Karen Hubbard, Adriana Haimovitz-Friedman

“…The objective of this study is to determine whether the cycling crypt base columnar cells (CBCs) in aging animals are specifically more sensitive to radiation effects than the CBCs in young adult mice, and to identify factors that contribute to increased radiosensitivity. Mortality induced by subtotal body radiation was assessed at different doses (13 Gy, 14 Gy, and 15 Gy) in young adult mice versus older mice. …”
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MiR-630 Promotes Radioresistance by Induction of Anti-Apoptotic Effect via Nrf2–GPX2 Molecular Axis in Head–Neck Cancer by Guo-Rung You, Ann-Joy Cheng, Eric Yi-Liang Shen, Kang-Hsing Fan, Yi-Fang Huang, Yu-Chen Huang, Kai-Ping Chang, Joseph T. Chang

“…The modulation of miR-630 may serve as a novel radiosensitizing target for HNC.…”
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Evaluation of Radiation Sensitivity Differences in Mouse Liver Tumor Organoids Using CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Mutation by Wan Jeon MD, Se Yeon Jung PhD, Chae Young Lee PhD, Won-Tae Kim PhD, Hyun Kim PhD, Kyoung Won Jang PhD, Heuijin Lim PhD, Manwoo Lee PhD, Dong Hyeok Jeong PhD, Sung Dae Kim PhD, In Ah Kim PhD, MD, Si Ho Choi PhD, Tae Gen Son PhD, Kyung Su Kim PhD, MD

“…Background To assess the radiosensitivity of liver tumors harboring different genetic mutations, mouse liver tumors were generated in vivo through the hydrodynamic injection of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/caspase 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) constructs encoding single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting Tp53 , Pten , Nf1 , Nf2 , Tsc2 , Cdkn2a , or Rb1 . …”
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Resistance of Hypoxic Cells to Ionizing Radiation Is Mediated in Part via Hypoxia-Induced Quiescence by Apostolos Menegakis, Rob Klompmaker, Claire Vennin, Aina Arbusà, Maartje Damen, Bram van den Broek, Daniel Zips, Jacco van Rheenen, Lenno Krenning, René H. Medema

“…In line with this, HPV-negative cancer cell lines retain radioresistance, while HPV-positive cancer cell lines are radiosensitized upon reoxygenation. Quiescence induction in hypoxia and its HPV-driven prevention was observed in 3D multicellular spheroids. …”
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Characterization of Recurrent Relevant Genes Reveals a Novel Role of RPL36A in Radioresistant Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Ting-Wen Chen, Kai-Ping Chang, Chun-Chia Cheng, Cheng-Yi Chen, Shu-Wen Hong, Zong-Lin Sie, Hsing-Wen Cheng, Wei-Chen Yen, Yenlin Huang, Shu-Chen Liu, Chun-I Wang

“…Mechanistically, we found that knockdown of RPL36A increased radiosensitivity via sensitizing cells to DNA damage and promoted G2/M cell cycle arrest followed by augmenting the irradiation-induced apoptosis pathway in OSCC cells. …”
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Safety of the Breast Cancer Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Ataxia–Telangiectasia Mutated Variant Carriers by Rayan Bensenane, Arnaud Beddok, Fabienne Lesueur, Alain Fourquet, Mathilde Warcoin, Marine Le Mentec, Eve Cavaciuti, Dorothée Le Gal, Séverine Eon-Marchais, Nadine Andrieu, Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet, Youlia Kirova

“…Controversies in clinical radiosensitivity remain known for monoallelic carriers of the <i>ATM</i> pathogenic variant (PV). …”
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Circ-ZNF609 Accelerates the Radioresistance of Prostate Cancer Cells by Promoting the Glycolytic Metabolism Through miR-501-3p/HK2 Axis by Du S, Zhang P, Ren W, Yang F, Du C

“…Circ-ZNF609 silencing enhanced the radiosensitivity of PCa cells in vivo.Conclusion: Circ-ZNF609 promoted the progression and radioresistance of PCa cells through accelerating the glycolysis via miR-501-3p/HK2 axis, providing promising targets for improving the prognosis of PCa patients.Keywords: prostate cancer, circ-ZNF609, miR-501-3p, HK2, glycolysis, radioresistance…”
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Targeting Na-H exchanger 1 overcomes nuclear factor kappa B-mediated tumor resistance to radiotherapy by Arang Son, Seoyeong Kang, Suha Choi, Sung-Won Shin, Yeeun Kim, Wankyu Kim, Changhoon Choi

“…Similarly, the knockdown of NHE1 increased radiosensitivity with lower pHi and increased apoptosis. …”
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NRF2 Mediates Therapeutic Resistance to Chemoradiation in Colorectal Cancer through a Metabolic Switch by Séan M. O’Cathail, Chieh-Hsi Wu, Rachael Thomas, Maria A. Hawkins, Tim S. Maughan, Annabelle Lewis

“…Using siRNA and CRiSPR/Cas9 isogenic CRC cell lines, we investigated the effect of the knockdown and upregulation of the NRF2 pathway on chemo-radiosensitivity. Poly (A) enriched RNA sequencing and geneset enrichment analysis (GSEA) were carried out on both sensitive and resistant cell models for mechanistic insights. …”
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<i>FOXD1</i> Repression Potentiates Radiation Effectiveness by Downregulating <i>G3BP2</i> Expression and Promoting the Activation of <i>TXNIP</i>-Related Pathways in Oral Cancer by Che-Hsuan Lin, Hsun-Hua Lee, Wei-Min Chang, Fei-Peng Lee, Lung-Che Chen, Long-Sheng Lu, Yuan-Feng Lin

“…Radiotherapy is commonly used to treat oral cancer patients in the current clinics; however, a subpopulation of patients shows poor radiosensitivity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify a biomarker or druggable target to enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy on oral cancer patients. …”
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Carbon-Ion Beam Irradiation Alone or in Combination with Zoledronic acid Effectively Kills Osteosarcoma Cells by Eun Ho Kim, Mi-Sook Kim, Akihisa Takahashi, Masao Suzuki, Guillaume Vares, Akiko Uzawa, Akira Fujimori, Tatsuya Ohno, Sei Sai

“…Thus, ZOL-mediated enhancement of carbon-ion beam radiosensitivity may occur via miR-29b upregulation; co-treatment with the miR-29b mimic further decreased OSA cell survival. …”
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LncRNA CASC19 Enhances the Radioresistance of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Regulating the miR-340-3p/FKBP5 Axis by Hongxia Liu, Qianping Chen, Wang Zheng, Yuchuan Zhou, Yang Bai, Yan Pan, Jianghong Zhang, Chunlin Shao

“…Both mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long ncRNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), play essential roles in radiosensitivity. However, the comprehensive expression profiles and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks among lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs in NPC radioresistance are still bewildering. …”
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SALL4 induces radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via the ATM/Chk2/p53 pathway by Xin Nie, Ergang Guo, Cheng Wu, Dongbo Liu, Wei Sun, Linli Zhang, Guoxian Long, Qi Mei, Kongming Wu, Huihua Xiong, Guoqing Hu

“…Targeting SALL4 might be a promising approach for the development of novel radiosensitizing therapeutic agents for radioresistant NPC patients.…”
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