The Characteristic of Measles Epidemic Process in Kyrgyz Republic by M. S. Niiazalieva, O. V. Tsvirkun, V. S. Toygombaeva, I. Sh. Aldjambaeva, G. S. Ishenapysova, R. A. Frolov, G. S. Dadanova

“…The introduction of specific prophylaxis of measles led to decrease the incidence of measles, 15 times on average, mortality also decreased, however, despite the effectiveness of vaccination, cyclical increases in infection persisted, seasonality in intra-annual dynamics, school-age children began to get sick more often. …”
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Top-of-Atmosphere Retrieval of Multiple Crop Traits Using Variational Heteroscedastic Gaussian Processes within a Hybrid Workflow by José Estévez, Katja Berger, Jorge Vicent, Juan Pablo Rivera-Caicedo, Matthias Wocher, Jochem Verrelst

“…Estimated variables were validated using in situ reference data collected during the Munich-North-Isar field campaigns within growing seasons of maize and winter wheat in the years 2017 and 2018. …”
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Measurement report: Assessment of Asian emissions of ethane and propane with a chemistry transport model based on observations from the island of Hateruma by A. R. Adedeji, S. J. Andrews, M. J. Rowlinson, M. J. Rowlinson, M. J. Evans, M. J. Evans, A. C. Lewis, A. C. Lewis, S. Hashimoto, H. Mukai, H. Tanimoto, Y. Tohjima, T. Saito

“…The model captured the seasonality of primary pollutants (CO, C<span class="inline-formula">₂</span>H<span class="inline-formula">₆</span>, C<span class="inline-formula">₃</span>H<span class="inline-formula">₈</span>) at the site – high mixing ratios in the winter months when oxidation rates are low and flow is from the north and low mixing ratios in the summer months when oxidation rates are higher and flow is from the south. …”
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OceanSODA-UNEXE: a multi-year gridded Amazon and Congo River outflow surface ocean carbonate system dataset by R. P. Sims, T. M. Holding, P. E. Land, J.-F. Piolle, H. L. Green, H. L. Green, J. D. Shutler

“…<p>Large rivers play an important role in transferring water and all of its constituents, including carbon in its various forms, from the land to the ocean, but the seasonal and inter-annual variations in these riverine flows remain unclear. …”
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Elucidating the pollution characteristics of nitrate, sulfate and ammonium in PM_2.5 in Chengdu, southwest China, based on 3-year measurements by L. Kong, M. Feng, Y. Liu, Y. Zhang, C. Zhang, C. Li, Y. Qu, J. An, X. Liu, Q. Tan, N. Cheng, Y. Deng, R. Zhai, Z. Wang

“…NSA also have obvious characteristics of annual, monthly, seasonal, diurnal and weekly variations. Through observation data and model simulation, it was also found that the existence of an aerosol aqueous environment plays an important role in the formation and existence of NSA. …”
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Otolith Morphology and Population Discrimination of Triplophysa yarkandensis by Xinyue WANG, Sheng´ao CHEN, Chengxin WANG, Fangze ZI, Desheng CHANG, Hao XU, Dapeng LI

“…T. yarkandensis belongs to the sub-cold water and benthic fish group, which only enters deep water during overwintering in winter. In other seasons, it swims along the edge and rests in shallow depth waters, so the otolith grows slowly and has a small size. …”
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Long-term validation of MIPAS ESA operational products using MIPAS-B measurements by G. Wetzel, M. Höpfner, H. Oelhaf, F. Friedl-Vallon, A. Kleinert, G. Maucher, M. Sinnhuber, J. Abalichin, A. Dehn, P. Raspollini

“…Several flights with MIPAS-B were carried out during the 10-year operational phase of ENVISAT at different latitudes and seasons, including both operational periods when MIPAS measured with full spectral resolution (FR mode) and with optimised spectral resolution (OR mode). …”
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Assessment of Water Status and Its Critical Stages in Dryland Barley Genotypes (Hordeum vulgare) Using Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) by V. Feiziasl

“…This study was aimed to: (i) assess the water stress effects on dryland barley genotypes using Tc, (ii) identify the upper limit for Tc affecting performance and reducing barley grain yield, (iii) determine the critical point of water stress, and (iv) apply CWSI to select the most suitable barley genotypes for both rainfed and supplemental irrigation conditions.Materials and Methods To determine the crop water stress index (CWSI) and assess water status of dryland barley genotypes, an experiment was carried out in a split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with 15 genotypes in three replications at the Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Maragheh (46° 45ʹ E, and 37° 26ʹ N), Iran in the 2015-2018 cropping seasons. The main plots included rainfed (as stress conditions), and supplemental irrigation (two times: 50 mm irrigation in the sowing time and 30 mm irrigation in the booting stage) as non-water stress conditions. …”
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Variability and quasi-decadal changes in the methane budget over the period 2000–2012 by Saunois, Marielle, Bousquet, Philippe, Poulter, Ben, Peregon, Anna, Ciais, Philippe, Canadell, Josep G., Dlugokencky, Edward J., Etiope, Giuseppe, Bastviken, David, Houweling, Sander, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Tubiello, Francesco N., Castaldi, Simona, Jackson, Robert B., Alexe, Mihai, Arora, Vivek K., Beerling, David J., Bergamaschi, Peter, Blake, Donald R., Brailsford, Gordon, Bruhwiler, Lori, Crevoisier, Cyril, Crill, Patrick, Covey, Kristofer, Frankenberg, Christian, Gedney, Nicola, Höglund-Isaksson, Lena, Ishizawa, Misa, Ito, Akihiko, Joos, Fortunat, Kim, Heon-Sook, Kleinen, Thomas, Krummel, Paul, Lamarque, Jean-François, Langenfelds, Ray, Locatelli, Robin, Machida, Toshinobu, Maksyutov, Shamil, Melton, Joe R., Morino, Isamu, Naik, Vaishali, O'Doherty, Simon, Parmentier, Frans-Jan W., Patra, Prabir K., Peng, Changhui, Peng, Shushi, Peters, Glen P., Pison, Isabelle, Ramonet, Michel, Riley, William J., Saito, Makoto, Santini, Monia, Schroeder, Ronny, Simpson, Isobel J., Spahni, Renato, Takizawa, Atsushi, Thornton, Brett F., Tian, Hanqin, Tohjima, Yasunori, Viovy, Nicolas, Voulgarakis, Apostolos, Weiss, Ray, Wilton, David J., Wiltshire, Andy, Worthy, Doug, Wunch, Debra, Xu, Xiyan, Yoshida, Yukio, Zhang, Bowen, Zhang, Zhen, Zhu, Qiuan, Prinn, Ronald G

“…In most of the top-down studies included here, OH concentrations are considered constant over the years (seasonal variations but without any inter-annual variability). …”
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Optimal design and operation of energy polygeneration systems by Chen, Yang, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering

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Integrating individual behaviour into simulations of disease management in Ethiopian wolves by Foley, J

“…These devices were deployed on 26 domesticdogs in the Web Valley, Bale Mountains National Park, over multiple weeks in two seasons in 2018. Data (during day time and from when dogs left the village area) were analysed to determine dogs’ extent of movement based on inter-point distances, their habitat preferences from Z tests of proportions of available to used habitat, and home ranges using 90% autocorrelated kernel density estimate. …”

Werewolves in old Norse-Icelandic literature by Su, M

“…Úlfhams rímur is analysed as a case study, as it is the only text that directly links werewolf transformation to landscape changes (manifested in seasonal change) and emotions. Once a parallel has been established between Úlfhamr and his father Vargstakkr (arguing the validity of treating Úlfhamr as a figurative werewolf), the chapter explicates the interaction between landscape and Úlfhamr’s mental status at each stage of the poem, with a special focus on the connection between winter/darkness and dark emotions.…”

Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019: a systema... by Li, Y, Wang, X, Blau, DM, Caballero, MT, Feikin, DR, Gill, CJ, Madhi, SA, Omer, SB, Simões, EAF, Campbell, H, Pariente, AB, Bardach, D, Bassat, Q, Casalegno, J-S, Chakhunashvili, G, Crawford, N, Danilenko, D, Do, LAH, Echavarria, M, Gentile, A, Gordon, A, Heikkinen, T, Huang, QS, Jullien, S, Krishnan, A, Lopez, EL, Markić, J, Mira-Iglesias, A, Moore, HC, Moyes, J, Mwananyanda, L, Nokes, DJ, Noordeen, F, Obodai, E, Palani, N, Romero, C, Salimi, V, Satav, A, Seo, E, Shchomak, Z, Singleton, R, Stolyarov, K, Stoszek, SK, von Gottberg, A, Wurzel, D, Yoshida, L-M, Yung, CF, Zar, HJ, Nair, H, Pollard, AJ

“…Eligible studies reported data for children aged 0–60 months with RSV as primary infection with acute lower respiratory infection in community settings, or acute lower respiratory infection necessitating hospital admission; reported data for at least 12 consecutive months, except for in-hospital case fatality ratio (CFR) or for where RSV seasonality is well-defined; and reported incidence rate, hospital admission rate, RSV positive proportion in acute lower respiratory infection hospital admission, or in-hospital CFR. …”

Genetic diversity and development of high fiber yield kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) mutant hybrids through diallel crosses by Al-Mamun, Md.

“…The analysis of variance over two evaluation seasons showed significant differences among genotypes for all traits except for stem top diameter. …”
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Eco-physiology and mesocosm study on microalgae in oligotrophic and mesotrophic municipal manmade lakes in different weather conditions by Alteerah, Munay Abdulqadir Omar Abdulqadir

“…Unlike the subtropics and temperate regions, Malaysia has no distinct seasons. Most studies are on microalgae diversity and water quality parameters but few studies were available on the impact of changing weather conditions on microalgae species composition, diversity and productivity. …”
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Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum growth hormone level of crossbred boer goats fed with outdoor-grown hydroponic maize fodder by Lim, Whay Chuin

“…Crossbred Boer goats were wellknown for their rapid growth, excellent meat quality, good adaptation, kidding percentage, and non-seasonal fertility. Hydroponics plays a significant role as an alternative fodder supply and helps in efficient livestock production. …”
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Retrieval of atmospheric CFC-11 and CFC-12 from high-resolution FTIR observations at Hefei and comparisons with other independent datasets by X. Zeng, X. Zeng, W. Wang, C. Liu, C. Liu, C. Liu, C. Liu, C. Shan, C. Shan, Y. Xie, P. Wu, P. Wu, Q. Zhu, Q. Zhu, M. Zhou, M. Zhou, M. De Mazière, E. Mahieu, I. Pardo Cantos, J. Makkor, A. Polyakov

“…Petersburg stations are significantly higher than those at the Jungfraujoch and Réunion (Maïdo) stations, and the two values reached the maximum in local summer or autumn and the minimum in local spring or winter at the four stations. The seasonal variability at the three stations in the Northern Hemisphere is higher than that at the station in the Southern Hemisphere.…”
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Model evaluation of short-lived climate forcers for the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme: a multi-species, multi-model study by C. H. Whaley, R. Mahmood, R. Mahmood, K. von Salzen, B. Winter, S. Eckhardt, S. Arnold, S. Beagley, S. Becagli, R.-Y. Chien, J. Christensen, S. M. Damani, X. Dong, K. Eleftheriadis, N. Evangeliou, G. Faluvegi, G. Faluvegi, M. Flanner, J. S. Fu, M. Gauss, F. Giardi, W. Gong, J. L. Hjorth, L. Huang, U. Im, Y. Kanaya, S. Krishnan, Z. Klimont, T. Kühn, T. Kühn, J. Langner, K. S. Law, L. Marelle, A. Massling, D. Olivié, T. Onishi, N. Oshima, Y. Peng, D. A. Plummer, O. Popovicheva, L. Pozzoli, J.-C. Raut, M. Sand, L. N. Saunders, J. Schmale, S. Sharma, R. B. Skeie, H. Skov, F. Taketani, M. A. Thomas, R. Traversi, K. Tsigaridis, K. Tsigaridis, S. Tsyro, S. Turnock, S. Turnock, V. Vitale, K. A. Walker, M. Wang, D. Watson-Parris, T. Weiss-Gibbons

“…Model simulations over 4 years (2008–2009 and 2014–2015) conducted for the 2022 Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) SLCF assessment report are thoroughly evaluated against satellite, ground, ship, and aircraft-based observations. The annual means, seasonal cycles, and 3-D distributions of SLCFs were evaluated using several metrics, such as absolute and percent model biases and correlation coefficients. …”
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Density and behavior of capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Amblyomma sculptum and Amblyomma dubitatum with notes on Rickettsia bellii infection: Assessing... by Matias P.J. Szabó, Caroline Lopes Queiroz, Adriane Suzin, Vinicius da Silva Rodrigues, Raíssa Brauner Kamla Vieira, Maria Marlene Martins, Lais Miguel Rezende, Ana Carolina P. Sousa, Vanessa do Nascimento Ramos, Fernanda Marinho Muraro, Lais Keocheguerian Fernandes, Lorena C.M. Santos, Rodrigo da Costa Maia, Amanda Ferreira Rezende

“…Ticks were collected in areas of 400 m2 at each site and at three seasons. Within the same municipality, the distance and speed of A. sculptum nymphs moving towards the CO2 traps were evaluated. …”
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A high-resolution physical–biogeochemical model for marine resource applications in the northwest Atlantic (MOM6-COBALT-NWA12 v1.0) by A. C. Ross, C. A. Stock, A. Adcroft, E. Curchitser, R. Hallberg, M. J. Harrison, K. Hedstrom, N. Zadeh, M. Alexander, W. Chen, E. J. Drenkard, H. du Pontavice, R. Dussin, R. Dussin, F. Gomez, F. Gomez, J. G. John, D. Kang, D. Kang, D. Lavoie, L. Resplandy, L. Resplandy, A. Roobaert, V. Saba, S.-I. Shin, S. Siedlecki, J. Simkins

“…Our goal was to develop a model to provide information to support living-marine-resource applications across management time horizons from seasons to decades. To do this, we struck a balance between a broad, coastwide domain to simulate basin-scale variability and capture cross-boundary issues expected under climate change; a high enough spatial resolution to accurately simulate features like the Gulf Stream separation and advection of water masses through finer-scale coastal features; and the computational economy required to run the long simulations of multiple ensemble members that are needed to quantify prediction uncertainties and produce actionable information. …”
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