Exergy in School? by Tomaž Kranjc, Nada Razpet

“…The reason for the difficulties is an insufficient understanding of the second law of thermodynamics (Kesidou & Duit, 1992). In order to make these topics less difficult, the concept of exergy — well established as a powerful analytical tool in technical thermodynamics — describing the “quality” of energy, seems in our judgment to be worthy of inclusion in the physics curriculum at all levels. …”
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INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS / by Smith, J. M., author 409191, Ness, Van H. C., author 294771, Abbott, Michael M., author 233824

Thermodynamics of Composition Graded Thermoelastic Solids by Vito Antonio Cimmelli

“…The compatibility of the model with the second law of thermodynamics is explored by applying a generalized Coleman–Noll procedure. …”
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A Utility-Based Approach to Some Information Measures by Sven Sandow, Jinggang Huang, Craig Friedman

“…We show that the resulting quantities, share many of the properties of entropy andrelative entropy, such as the data processing inequality and the second law of thermodynamics.We formulate an important statistical learning problem – probability estimation – in terms of ageneralized relative entropy. …”
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Bekenstein bound on black hole entropy in non-Gaussian statistics by Mehdi Shokri

“…The Bekenstein bound, inspired by the physics of black holes, is introduced to constrain the entropy growth of a physical system down to the quantum level in the context of a generalized second law of thermodynamics. We first show that the standard Bekenstein bound is violated when the entropy of a Schwarzschild black hole is described in non-Gaussian statistics Barrow, Tsallis, and Kaniadakis due to the presence of the related indices Δ, q and κ, respectively. …”
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Géologie, théologie et inquiétudes eschatologiques : William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) et les débats suscités par la thermodynamique à l’époque victorienne by Jean-Michel Yvard

“…William Thomson (1824-1907), an eminent physicist who contributed to the formulation of the second law of thermodynamics, was also at the origin of a largely forgotten controversy concerning the ages of the Sun and the Earth. …”
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The Duality of Psychological and Intrinsic Time in Artworks by Miloš Milovanović, Nicoletta Saulig

“…The increase of irreducible randomness along the timeline is formulated by the second law of thermodynamics. The dual statement concerns an increase in statistical complexity, which is the definition of self-organization. …”
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Entropy and the Limits to Growth by Reiner Kümmel

“…On the other hand, engineers, natural scientists, and mathematicians realized that the breakdown scenario is due to the inclusion of the First and the Second Law of Thermodynamics in the Club-of-Rome’s world model. …”
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Second-law-like inequalities with information and their interpretations by Jordan M Horowitz, Henrik Sandberg

“…In a thermodynamic process with measurement and feedback, the second law of thermodynamics is no longer valid. In its place, various second-law-like inequalities have been advanced that each incorporate a distinct additional term accounting for the information gathered through measurement. …”
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Evaluation of Heat Irreversibility in a Thin Film Flow of Couple Stress Fluid on a Moving Belt by Samuel O. Adesanya, Ramosheuw S. Lebelo, K. C. Moloi

“…For maximum thermal performance and efficiency, the present analysis follows the second law of thermodynamics approach for the evaluation of entropy generation rate in the moving film. …”
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Life Is Simple—Biologic Complexity Is an Epiphenomenon by John S. Torday

“…Life originated from unicellular organisms by circumventing the Second Law of Thermodynamics using the First Principles of Physiology, namely negentropy, chemiosmosis and homeostatic regulation of calcium and lipids. …”
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LREE of an unstable dressed-dynamical Dp-brane: superstring calculations by Shirin Teymourtashlou, Davoud Kamani

“…Besides, we examine the second law of thermodynamics for the LREE under tachyon condensation, and we extract the imposed constraints. …”
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Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics View on Kinetics of Autocatalytic Reactions—Two Illustrative Examples by Miloslav Pekař

“…Further, rate equations based on chemical potentials or affinities are derived, and conditions for the consistency of rate equations with the entropic inequality (the second law of thermodynamics) are illustrated. The theory illustrated here can be viewed as a tool for verifying and generalizing traditional mass-action kinetics by means of modern non-equilibrium thermodynamics, which is able to deal also with such rather problematic cases.…”
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Von Neumann's information engine without the spectral theorem by Shintaro Minagawa, Hayato Arai, Francesco Buscemi

“…Von Neumann obtained the formula for the entropy of a quantum state by assuming the validity of the second law of thermodynamics in a thought experiment involving semipermeable membranes and an ideal gas of quantum-labeled particles. …”
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Nature of Heat and Thermal Energy: From Caloric to Carnot’s Reflections, to Entropy, Exergy, Entransy and Beyond by Milivoje M. Kostic

“…Starting from Lavoisier, who presumed that caloric as a weightless substance is conserved, to Sadi Carnot who erroneously assumed that work is extracted while caloric is conserved, to modern day researchers who argue that thermal energy is an indistinguishable part of internal energy, to the generalization of entropy and challengers of the Second Law of thermodynamics, the relevant thermal concepts are critically discussed here. …”
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Thawing and freezing quintessence models: a thermodynamic consideration by Tanima Duary, Ananda Dasgupta, Narayan Banerjee

“…Both of them are found to disobey the generalized second law of thermodynamics. However, for freezing models, there is still a scope as this breakdown occurs in the past, deep inside the radiation dominated era, when a standard scalar field model with a pressureless matter is not a correct description of the matter content. …”
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Evolution of interior entropy of a loop quantum-corrected black hole pierced by a cosmic string by Wei Zhang

“…We find that the present cosmic string can influence the evolution relation between these two types of entropy under black hole evaporation and the second law of thermodynamics is satisfied for the total variation of these two types of entropy.…”
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Constitutive modeling of an electro-magneto-rheological fluid by Deepak Kumar, Somnath Sarangi

“…We start with the general balance laws for mass, linear momentum, angular momentum, energy, and the second law of thermodynamics in the form of Clausius–Duhem inequality with Maxwell’s equations. …”
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Thermodynamical Study of FRW Universe in Quasi-Topological Theory by H. Moradpour, R. Dehghani

“…The effects of a mutual interaction between the various parts of cosmos on the apparent horizon entropy as well as the validity of second law of thermodynamics in quasi-topological gravity are perused.…”
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Open Problems on Information and Feedback Controlled Systems by Manuel Feito, Francisco J. Cao

“…Feedback or closed-loop control allows dynamical systems to increase their performance up to a limit imposed by the second law of thermodynamics. It is expected that within this limit, the system performance increases as the controller uses more information about the system. …”
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