Thermodynamics in the Universe Described by the Emergence of Space and the Energy Balance Relation by Fei-Quan Tu, Yi-Xin Chen, Qi-Hong Huang

“…We show that the first law of thermodynamics and the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) are both satisfied and the weak energy condition are also fulfilled for two typical examples. …”
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Work Measurement in OPEN Quantum System by Youyang Xu

“…We apply our scheme to a two-level atom coupled to an engineered reservoir and numerically justify the general results, especially demonstrating that the second law of thermodynamics can be violated.…”
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Metrics and Energy Landscapes in Irreversible Thermodynamics by Bjarne Andresen

“…Finally, the second law of thermodynamics imposes convexity on any equation of state, be it analytical or empirical.…”
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Quantum Thermodynamics with Degenerate Eigenstate Coherences by Gregory Bulnes Cuetara, Massimiliano Esposito, Gernot Schaller

“…The first and second law of thermodynamics are derived, as well as a finite-time fluctuation theorem for mechanical work and energy and matter currents. …”
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Entropy-driven genome organization. by Marenduzzo, D, Micheletti, C, Cook, P

“…We conclude that the second law of thermodynamics acts through nonspecific entropic forces between engaged polymerases to drive the self-organization of genomes into loops containing several thousands (and sometimes millions) of basepairs.…”

Thermodynamical detection of entanglement by Maxwell's demons by Maruyama, K, Morikoshi, F, Vedral, V

“…We also analyze the work balance of the process as a heat engine, in connection with the second law of thermodynamics. ©2005 The American Physical Society.…”

Exergy in School? by Tomaž Kranjc, Nada Razpet

“…The reason for the difficulties is an insufficient understanding of the second law of thermodynamics (Kesidou & Duit, 1992). In order to make these topics less difficult, the concept of exergy — well established as a powerful analytical tool in technical thermodynamics — describing the “quality” of energy, seems in our judgment to be worthy of inclusion in the physics curriculum at all levels. …”
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Exergy in School? by Tomaž Kranjc, Nada Razpet

“…The reason for the difficulties is an insufficient understanding of the second law of thermodynamics (Kesidou & Duit, 1992). In order to make these topics less difficult, the concept of exergy — well established as a powerful analytical tool in technical thermodynamics — describing the “quality” of energy, seems in our judgment to be worthy of inclusion in the physics curriculum at all levels. …”
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Thermodynamics of Composition Graded Thermoelastic Solids by Vito Antonio Cimmelli

“…The compatibility of the model with the second law of thermodynamics is explored by applying a generalized Coleman–Noll procedure. …”
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A Utility-Based Approach to Some Information Measures by Sven Sandow, Jinggang Huang, Craig Friedman

“…We show that the resulting quantities, share many of the properties of entropy andrelative entropy, such as the data processing inequality and the second law of thermodynamics.We formulate an important statistical learning problem – probability estimation – in terms of ageneralized relative entropy. …”
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Second-law-like inequalities with information and their interpretations by Jordan M Horowitz, Henrik Sandberg

“…In a thermodynamic process with measurement and feedback, the second law of thermodynamics is no longer valid. In its place, various second-law-like inequalities have been advanced that each incorporate a distinct additional term accounting for the information gathered through measurement. …”
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Steam Turbine—Quo Vadis? by Seyfettin Can Gülen

“…Using the second law of thermodynamics and the concept of exergy as a guide, cycle and technology factors are calculated to provide a simple but precise (and unassailable) yardstick to assess where the technology was, where it is at present, and how much farther it can go. …”
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Life Is Simple—Biologic Complexity Is an Epiphenomenon by John S. Torday

“…Life originated from unicellular organisms by circumventing the Second Law of Thermodynamics using the First Principles of Physiology, namely negentropy, chemiosmosis and homeostatic regulation of calcium and lipids. …”
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LREE of an unstable dressed-dynamical Dp-brane: superstring calculations by Shirin Teymourtashlou, Davoud Kamani

“…Besides, we examine the second law of thermodynamics for the LREE under tachyon condensation, and we extract the imposed constraints. …”
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Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics View on Kinetics of Autocatalytic Reactions—Two Illustrative Examples by Miloslav Pekař

“…Further, rate equations based on chemical potentials or affinities are derived, and conditions for the consistency of rate equations with the entropic inequality (the second law of thermodynamics) are illustrated. The theory illustrated here can be viewed as a tool for verifying and generalizing traditional mass-action kinetics by means of modern non-equilibrium thermodynamics, which is able to deal also with such rather problematic cases.…”
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Von Neumann's information engine without the spectral theorem by Shintaro Minagawa, Hayato Arai, Francesco Buscemi

“…Von Neumann obtained the formula for the entropy of a quantum state by assuming the validity of the second law of thermodynamics in a thought experiment involving semipermeable membranes and an ideal gas of quantum-labeled particles. …”
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Nature of Heat and Thermal Energy: From Caloric to Carnot’s Reflections, to Entropy, Exergy, Entransy and Beyond by Milivoje M. Kostic

“…Starting from Lavoisier, who presumed that caloric as a weightless substance is conserved, to Sadi Carnot who erroneously assumed that work is extracted while caloric is conserved, to modern day researchers who argue that thermal energy is an indistinguishable part of internal energy, to the generalization of entropy and challengers of the Second Law of thermodynamics, the relevant thermal concepts are critically discussed here. …”
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Thawing and freezing quintessence models: a thermodynamic consideration by Tanima Duary, Ananda Dasgupta, Narayan Banerjee

“…Both of them are found to disobey the generalized second law of thermodynamics. However, for freezing models, there is still a scope as this breakdown occurs in the past, deep inside the radiation dominated era, when a standard scalar field model with a pressureless matter is not a correct description of the matter content. …”
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Constitutive modeling of an electro-magneto-rheological fluid by Deepak Kumar, Somnath Sarangi

“…We start with the general balance laws for mass, linear momentum, angular momentum, energy, and the second law of thermodynamics in the form of Clausius–Duhem inequality with Maxwell’s equations. …”
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A revisit on dissipation and its relation to irreversible processes by Quang Long Nguyen, Chi Thuan Nguyen, Ngoc Ha Hoang

“…Following the second law of thermodynamics, an irreversible process generates entropy. …”
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