Research of thermal performance of supercritical carbon dioxide in straight pipe casing by Haiting CUI, Xiajie HUANG, Xinyue ZHANG, Liangrui ZHANG

“…In order to solve the problems that the irreversible loss existing in the gas cooler has a great influence on its heat transfer performance,in order to improve the thermal performance of the straight tube tube-in-tube gas cooler,the heat transfer process between carbon dioxide and cooling water in supercritical carbon dioxide tube-in-tube gas cooler was studied.By using Fluent software and entropy generation analysis method,the temperature distribution of carbon dioxide and cooling water along the pipe length was obtained throught changing the operating pressure,carbon dioxide mass flow,cooling water mass flow and inlet temperature;according to the entropy generation analysis method of the second law of thermodynamics,the thermodynamic process in the straight pipe casing was calculated,and the entropy generation distribution along the tube length was obtained.The results show that the entropy production along the tube length increases with the increase of pressure;with the increase of carbon dioxide mass flow,the entropy production gradually decreases;with the increase of cooling water mass flow rate,the increase of entropy production is not obvious;with the increase of cooling water inlet temperature,entropy production decreases.The research result may provide some reference for the operation parameters and structure design of CO2 heat pump gas cooler,as well as for the engineering application of CO2 heat pump.…”
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Geometrical Bounds on Irreversibility in Squeezed Thermal Bath by Chen-Juan Zou, Yue Li, Jia-Kun Xu, Jia-Bin You, Ching Eng Png, Wan-Li Yang

“…Our results are not contradictory with the second law of thermodynamics by involving squeezing of the bath as an available resource, which can improve the performance of quantum thermodynamic devices.…”
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Entropy generation analysis and simulation of turbulent forced convection around tube with integral wake splitter using artificial neural network approach by Moustafa A. El Bouz, Aly M.A. Ibrahim, Mohamed M. Abdelsalam, Emad M.S. El-Said

“…The analysis of the second law of thermodynamics, which considers both the heat transfer and pressure drop effects, indicated the addition of the plate decreases the entropy generation with increased plate length, the entropy generation number being more sensitive to the Reynolds number as plate length increases. entropy generation reduction was, in general, also evident with increased plate length. …”
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Landauer’s Principle a Consequence of Bit Flows, Given Stirling’s Approximation by Sean Devine

“…The approach offers a simple conceptual understanding of entropy, while avoiding problems with the statistical mechanic’s approach to the second law of thermodynamics. Furthermore, the classical articulation of the principle can be used to derive the low temperature heat capacities, and is consistent with the quantum version of the principle.…”
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Entropy Generation and Consequences of MHD in Darcy–Forchheimer Nanofluid Flow Bounded by Non-Linearly Stretching Surface by Ghulam Rasool, Anum Shafiq, Ilyas Khan, Dumitru Baleanu, Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar, Gullnaz Shahzadi

“…Importantly, entropy optimization is performed using second law of thermodynamics. Governing problems are converted into nonlinear ordinary problems (ODEs) using suitably adjusted transformations. …”
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Estimation of entropy optimization in Darcy-Forchheimer flow of Carreau-Yasuda fluid (non-Newtonian) with first order velocity slip by M. Ijaz Khan, Faris Alzahrani, Aatef Hobiny, Zulfiqar Ali

“…A general mathematical form of the entropy generation rate for Carreau-Yasuda fluid is derived in the presence of porosity irreversibility, fluid friction irreversibility, heat transfer irreversibility and Joule heating irreversibility through second law of thermodynamics. The fluid flow is saturated and magnetized through Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium and applied magnetic field. …”
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Derivation of generalized thermoelectric energy equations and the study of thermoelectric irreversible processes based on energy, exergy, and entransy analysis by Heng Xiao

“…Irreversible heat transfer processes have been analyzed by employing energy analysis based on the first law of thermodynamics and exergy analysis based on the second law of thermodynamics. The results show that convective heat transfer leads to a decrease in both energy and exergy efficiencies: the rate and magnitude of the decrease in exergy efficiency are greater than those of the decrease in energy efficiency. …”
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Aqueous electrochemistry: The toolbox for life's emergence from redox disequilibria by Wolfgang Nitschke, Barbara Schoepp‐Cothenet, Simon Duval, Kilian Zuchan, Orion Farr, Frauke Baymann, Francesco Panico, Alessandro Minguzzi, Elbert Branscomb, Michael J. Russell

“…Abstract The second law of thermodynamics leaves no doubt that life on planet Earth and its inherent substantial decrease in entropy is fundamentally based on mechanisms converting environmental free energy into the spatial and temporal order of metabolic processes. …”
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Particle Creation and Thermal Aspects of Viscous Generalized Cosmic Chaplygin Gas by Abdul Jawad, Shamaila Rani, M. Adeel Sultan

“…We discuss the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics and thermal equilibrium condition under three models of <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mo>&#915;</mo> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> and discuss the graphical behavior of above-mentioned terms.…”
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The Synergic Role of Actomyosin Architecture and Biased Detachment in Muscle Energetics: Insights in Cross Bridge Mechanism beyond the Lever-Arm Swing by Lorenzo Marcucci, Hiroki Fukunaga, Toshio Yanagida, Mitsuhiro Iwaki

“…Because biased detachment is a mechanism for the rectification of thermal fluctuations, in the Brownian-ratchet framework, we predict that it requires a non-negligible amount of energy to preserve the second law of thermodynamics. Taken together, our theoretical and experimental results elucidate less considered components in the chemo-mechanical energy transduction in muscle.…”
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Process Modeling and Exergy Analysis for a Typical VOC Thermal Conversion Plant by Wencai Zhuo, Bin Zhou, Zhicheng Zhang, Hailiang Zhou, Baiqian Dai

“…Energy and exergy analyses have been conducted from the perspective of the second law of thermodynamics. It is found that 68.8% of the output energy in the system considered here enters the subsequent oven production line, which will be reused for drying the aluminum plates, and the rest of the energy will contribute to the water heat exchanger; however, the furnace features the largest exergy loss of 34%, and this is due to the high-temperature heat loss. …”
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Thermo-Fluid Characteristics of High Temperature Molten Salt Flowing in Single-Leaf Type Hollow Paddles by Taha Rajeh, Ping Tu, Hua Lin, Houlei Zhang

“…In this paper, based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, we present the thermo-fluid characteristics of high temperature molten salt flowing in single-leaf type hollow paddles in the view of both the first law and the second law of thermodynamics. The results show that the heat transfer rate of the hollow paddles is significantly greater than that of solid paddles. …”
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Numerical Simulation of Entropy Generation for Power-Law Liquid Flow over a Permeable Exponential Stretched Surface with Variable Heat Source and Heat Flux by Mohamed Abd El-Aziz, Salman Saleem

“…By applying the second law of thermodynamics, and characterizing the entropy generation and Bejan number, the present physical problem was examined and discussed thoroughly in different situations. …”
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Fluid dynamics in action by Glorioso, Paolo

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A Comparison of Desalination Technologies on the Basis of Primary Energy Consumption by Lienhard, John, Bouma, Andrew Thomas

“…The energy efficiency of desalination plants is often rated using metrics such as electrical energy consumption per unit of water produced (SEC), water produced per unit of thermal energy consumed (GOR), or exergy use relative to the limit set by the second law of thermodynamics (ηII). Comparisons of desalination technologies using these metrics can be inaccurate if energy inputs to the desalination plant are not distinguished between electrical work input and heat input using exergetic methods. …”
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The fundamental thermodynamic bounds on finite models by Garner, Andrew J. P.

“…By also considering devices that consume or effect arbitrary changes on a pattern, I discuss how these finite models can form an information reservoir framework consistent with the second law of thermodynamics.…”
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The Berry dipole photovoltaic demon and the thermodynamics of photo-current generation within the optical gap of metals by Shi, Li-kun, Matsyshyn, Oles, Song, Justin Chien Wen, Villadiego, Inti Sodemann

“…We argue that generically such in-gap rectification mechanisms are irreversible and accompanied by a continuous exchange of energy with a heat bath and must also be necessarily accompanied by a small but finite absorption of radiation in order to guarantee the positivity of the net entropy production and abide by the second law of thermodynamics. We show, however, that the intra-band non-linear Hall effect arising from the Berry curvature is a special kind of in-gap rectification mechanism that behaves as a ``photo-voltaic demon'', namely it can operate as an ideal reversible and dissipationless conveyor of energy between the radiation and an external circuit. …”
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Thermal Performance of Gas Turbine Power Plant Based on Exergy Analysis by Ibrahim, Thamir K., F., Basrawi, Awad, Omar I., Abdalla, Ahmed N., G., Najafi, R., Mamat, Hagos, F. Y.

“…By using the first and second law of thermodynamics, the model for the gas turbine power plant is built. …”
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Earthquake hazard characterization by using entropy: application to northern Chilean earthquakes by A. Posadas, A. Posadas, D. Pasten, E. E. Vogel, E. E. Vogel, G. Saravia

“…<p>The mechanical description of the seismic cycle has an energetic analogy in terms of statistical physics and the second law of thermodynamics. In this context, an earthquake can be considered a phase transition, where continuous reorganization of stresses and forces reflects an evolution from equilibrium to non-equilibrium states, and we can use this analogy to characterize the earthquake hazard of a region. …”
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Entropy Generation Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Turbulent Forced Convective Heat Transfer to Nanofluids by Yu Ji, Hao-Chun Zhang, Xie Yang, Lei Shi

“…Finally, by definition of Ep, which combines the first law and second law of thermodynamics and attributed to evaluate the real performance of heat transfer processes, the optimal Reynolds number Reop corresponding to the best performance and the advisable Reynolds number Read providing the appropriate Reynolds number range for nanofluids in convective heat transfer can be determined.…”
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