Searching for Strong Gravitational Lenses by Lemon, Cameron, Courbin, Frédéric, More, Anupreeta, Schechter, Paul, Cañameras, Raoul, Delchambre, Ludovic, Leung, Calvin, Shu, Yiping, Spiniello, Chiara, Hezaveh, Yashar, Klüter, Jonas, McMahon, Richard

“…To use the current lens samples for science, and for the design of future searches, we list several selection biases that exist due to these discovery techniques. …”
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Willingness to Receive COVID-19 Vaccination in Japan by Takeshi Yoda, Hironobu Katsuyama

“…In addition, males showed less hesitancy towards being vaccinated. Although selectivity bias exists, this study is the first to examine the willingness of Japanese people to be vaccinated. …”
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Population Structure of East African Relapsing Fever Borrelia spp. by Sally J. Cutler, E. Margarita Bonilla, Rajbir J. Singh

“…All cultivable isolates of B. duttonii fell into a single IGS cluster, which suggests their analysis might introduce selective bias. We provide further support that B. recurrentis is a subset of B. duttonii and represents an ecotype rather than a species. …”
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Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has a potential role in pancreatic carcinoma by Geertjan van Tienhoven MD, PhD, Dirk J. Gouma, Dick J. Richel

“…The interpretation of single-arm studies is hampered by (selection) biases. The reporting of pathology and study endpoints should be internationally standardized. …”
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Functional Selectivity of Dopamine D₁ Receptor Signaling: Retrospect and Prospect by Yang Yang

“…This review summarizes recent studies revealing the complexity of D₁ signaling and its clinical implications, and suggests functional selectivity as a promising strategy for drug discovery to magnify the merit of D₁ signaling. Functional selectivity/biased receptor signaling has become a major research front because of its potential to improve therapeutics through precise targeting. …”
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Why Is the UAG (Amber) Stop Codon Almost Absent in Highly Expressed Bacterial Genes? by Dominique Belin, Pere Puigbò

“…The strength of the selective bias against UAG in highly expressed genes varies among bacterial genomes, but it is not affected by the GC content of these genomes. …”
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A Visual Attention Based Object Detection Model beyond Top-Down and Bottom-up Mechanism by Zhang Du-Zhen, Liu Chuan-Cai

“…This dichotomy fails to explain a growing number of cases in which neither bottom-up nor top-down can account for strong selection biases. Thus, the top-down versus bottom-up dichotomy is an inadequate taxonomy of attentional control. …”
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Design of κ-Opioid Receptor Agonists for the Development of Potential Treatments of Pain with Reduced Side Effects by Federica Santino, Luca Gentilucci

“…In this review, we discuss the more recent trends in the design of KOR-selective, biased or partial, and finally, peripherally acting agonists. …”
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Can improved sorghum varieties enhance farm performance and household welfare? Evidence from Upper East Region of Ghana by Awal Abdul-Rahaman

“…The study employed an endogenous treatment effects model, which addresses observable and unobservable selection biases associated with households' adoption decisions. …”
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Population Dynamics of Mitochondria in Cells: A Minimal Mathematical Model by Kellianne Kornick, Brandon Bogner, Leo Sutter, Moumita Das

“…We study the time evolution of each population under specific selection biases and obtain a heat map in the parameter space of the ratio of the rates of fusion and autophagy of the healthy and dysfunctional populations. …”
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The Value of Behavioral Economics for EU Judicial Decision-Making by Christoph K. Winter

“…The second part examines the influence of selected biases and heuristics, namely the anchoring effect, availability bias, zero-risk bias, and hindsight bias on diverse legal issues in EU law including, among others, the scope of the fundamental freedoms, the proportionality test as well as the roles of the Advocate General and Reporting Judge. …”
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Metabolic Syndrome and cognitive decline in the elderly: A systematic review. by Naima Assuncao, Felipe Kenji Sudo, Claudia Drummond, Fernanda Guarino de Felice, Paulo Mattos

“…The present review aims to analyze data on MetS and risk for cognitive decline in elderly persons.Database searches were performed in Medline, ISI and PsycINFO for articles assessing cognitive performances of older subjects with MetS.Of a total of 505 studies, 25 were selected for the review. Risk of selection biases was identified in all the studies. Although all articles followed recognized diagnostic recommendations for MetS, minor criteria modifications were detected in most of them. …”
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Reputation and Competence in Publicly Funded Science: Estimating the Effects on Research Group Productivity. by Arora, A, David, P, Gambardella, A

“…A structural model of the resource allocation process in scientific research guides the selection of instruments in the econometric analysis, and controls for selectivity bias effects on estimates based on the performance of funded research units. …”

Discrimination, reversal, and shift learning in Huntington's disease: mechanisms of impaired response selection. by Lawrence, A, Sahakian, B, Rogers, R, Hodge, JR, Robbins, T

“…The result are consistent with current theories of the role of the basal ganglia in cognition, and suggest specific impairments in response selection mechanisms in HD, in particular, in overcoming selection biases based on prior reinforcement.…”

Does shelter assistance reduce poverty in Afghanistan? by Loschmann, C, Parsons, C, Siegel, M

“…Given the infeasibility of randomizing shelter assistance to those repatriated, we implement a variety of matching techniques to insulate our results from selection biases. Adopting a multidimensional approach, our results show that shelter assistance reduces multidimensional poverty by around six percent. …”

The Directional Isotropy of LIGO–Virgo Binaries by Maximiliano Isi, Will M. Farr, Vijay Varma

“…Making use of dipolar models for the spatial distribution and orientation of the sources, we analyze 57 signals with false-alarm rates ≤1 yr ^−1 from the third LIGO–Virgo observing run. Accounting for selection biases, we find the population of LIGO–Virgo black holes to be consistent with both homogeneity and isotropy. …”
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Memory consolidation during sleep involves context reinstatement in humans by Eitan Schechtman, Julia Heilberg, Ken A. Paller

“…Summary: New memories are not quarantined from each other when first encoded; rather, they are interlinked with memories that were encoded in temporal proximity or that share semantic features. By selectively biasing memory processing during sleep, here we test whether context influences sleep consolidation. …”
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Adoption of combinations of adaptive and mitigatory climate-smart agricultural practices and its impacts on rice yield and income: Empirical evidence from Hubei, China by Zhihui Liang, Lu Zhang, Wenjing Li, Junbiao Zhang, Lynn J. Frewer

“…Using three-year household-level pooled cross-sectional data and addressing selection biases from both observable and unobservable heterogeneity were managed by applying a multinomial endogenous switching regression framework. …”
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Schistosomal glomerulopathy and changes in the distribution of histological patterns of glomerular diseases in Bahia, Brazil by Washington Luis Conrado dos-Santos, Glória Maria Maranhão Sweet, Marília Bahiense-Oliveira, Paulo Novis Rocha

“…Although retrospective studies on the prevalence of renal diseases based on kidney biopsies may be influenced by many patient selection biases, a change in the distribution of glomerulopathies associated with nephrotic syndrome was observed along with a decline in the occurrence of severe forms of schistosomiasis.…”
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A tool for mapping microglial morphology, morphOMICs, reveals brain-region and sex-dependent phenotypes by Colombo, Gloria, Cubero, Ryan John A, Kanari, Lida, Venturino, Alessandro, Schulz, Rouven, Scolamiero, Martina, Agerberg, Jens, Mathys, Hansruedi, Tsai, Li-Huei, Chachólski, Wojciech, Hess, Kathryn, Siegert, Sandra

“…Here we develop MorphOMICs, a topological data analysis approach, which enables semiautomatic mapping of microglial morphology into an atlas of cue-dependent phenotypes and overcomes feature-selection biases and biological variability. We extract spatially heterogeneous and sexually dimorphic morphological phenotypes for seven adult mouse brain regions. …”
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