Sex determination and sex ration distortion in the mosquito Aedes aegypti by Teo, T

“…The <em>transformer-2 (tra-2)</em> gene is necessary for sexual differentiation of females in <em>D. melanogaster</em>, but its role remains unknown in mosquitoes. …”

Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing outcomes following orchidopexy for cryptorchidism before or after 1 year of age by Allin, B, Dumann, E, Fawkner-Corbett, D, Kwok, C, Skerritt, C

“…Studies were excluded when more than 50 per cent of infants had intra-abdominal testes, or the population included infants with disorders of sexual differentiation. Additional studies were identified through reference list searching. …”

mRNA Expression of Cytochrome P450 17&alpha;hydroxylase, Cytochrome P450 Aromatase, Anti-M&uuml;llerian Hormone, Estrogen Receptor &alpha;, and Androgen Receptor in Developing Gona... by Keigo Nakamura, Kazumoto Shibuya, Noboru Saito, Kiyoshi Shimada, Atsushi Ohshima, Takuya Hirai, Tetsuo Nunoya

“…However, there are few reports on the molecular biological profiles during the development and sexual differentiation of the gonads in Japanese quail. In the present study, we investigated mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 17&alpha;hydroxylase (P450c17), cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom), anti-M&uuml;llerian hormone (AMH), estrogen receptor &alpha; (ER&alpha;) and androgen receptor (AR) in the embryonic and post-hatching gonads of Japanese quail by using real-time RT-PCR. …”
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Sex reversal and the androgenic gland (AG) in Macrobrachium rosenbergii: A review by Kianann Tan, Huigong Jiang, Donghuo Jiang, Weimin Wang

“…The androgenic gland (AG) is essential for sexual differentiation in prawn and development of male primary and secondary sexual characteristics. …”
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Androgen-regulated MafB drives cell migration via MMP11-dependent extracellular matrix remodeling in mice by Mellissa C. Alcantara, Kentaro Suzuki, Alvin R. Acebedo, Daiki Kajioka, Satoshi Hirohata, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Yu Hatano, Kazuo Yamagata, Satoru Takahashi, Gen Yamada

“…These results demonstrate the requirement of mesenchymal-derived androgen signaling on ECM-dependent cell migration, providing insights into the regulatory cellular mechanisms underlying androgen-driven sexual differentiation.…”
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Multi-Tissue Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Key Sexual Development-Related Genes of the Ornate Spiny Lobster (<i>Panulirus ornatus</i>) by Tomer Ventura, Jennifer C. Chandler, Tuan V. Nguyen, Cameron J. Hyde, Abigail Elizur, Quinn P. Fitzgibbon, Gregory G. Smith

“…Sexual development involves the successive and overlapping processes of sex determination, sexual differentiation, and ultimately sexual maturation, enabling animals to reproduce. …”
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<i>Masculinizer</i> and <i>Doublesex</i> as Key Factors Regulate Sexual Dimorphism in <i>Ostrinia furnacalis</i> by Honglun Bi, Xiaowei Li, Xia Xu, Yaohui Wang, Shutang Zhou, Yongping Huang

“…In Lepidoptera, <i>Masculinizer</i> (<i>Masc</i>) and <i>doublesex</i> (<i>dsx</i>) are the essential genes for sex determination and play critical roles in sexual differentiation and development. The functions of <i>Masc</i> and <i>dsx</i> have been characterized in several model insect species. …”
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Morphological studies of Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) by Elton Shinti Kawasima, Vinícius Fernandes de Paiva, Tiago Belintani, Hernany Henrique Garcia Justino, Juliana Damieli Nascimento, Heloisa Pinotti, Jader de Oliveira, João Aristeu da Rosa

“…Morphological study by SEM allowed the characterization of eggshell, each nymphal instar, the sexual differentiation of fifth instar nymphs, female, and male external genitalia. …”
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PRC1 suppresses a female gene regulatory network to ensure testicular differentiation by So Maezawa, Masashi Yukawa, Kazuteru Hasegawa, Ryo Sugiyama, Mizuho Iizuka, Mengwen Hu, Akihiko Sakashita, Miguel Vidal, Haruhiko Koseki, Artem Barski, Tony DeFalco, Satoshi H. Namekawa

“…In testes, the epigenetic mechanism that maintains chromatin states responsible for suppressing female sexual differentiation remains unclear. Here, we show that Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) suppresses a female gene regulatory network in postnatal Sertoli cells. …”
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Effects of estrogens and antiestrogens on gonadal sex differentiation and embryonic development in the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus) by Luzie Jessl, Rebecca Lenz, Fabian G. Massing, Jessica Scheider, Jörg Oehlmann

“…In ovo exposure to tamoxifen (0.1/1/10 µg/g egg) strongly impaired the differentiation of female gonads, led to a significant size reduction of the left ovary and induced malformations of the ovarian cortex, while fulvestrant (0.1/1/10 µg/g egg) did not affect sexual differentiation. However, both antiestrogens were able to antagonize the feminizing effects of EE2in genetic males when administered simultaneously. …”
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Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: Clinical Phenotype and Molecular Analysis in a Single Tertiary Center Cohort by Maria Sol Touzon, Natalia Perez Garrido, Roxana Marino, Pablo Ramirez, Mariana Costanzo, Gabriela Guercio, Esperanza Berensztein, Marco A. Rivarola, Alicia Belgorosky

“…Objective:The aim of this study was the molecular characterization of the AR gene as the cause of 46,XY disorder in our population.Methods:We studied 41, non related, 46,XY disorder of sexual differentiation index cases, having characteristics consistent with androgen insensivity syndrome (AIS). …”
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A Rare Case of Precocious Puberty in a Child with a Novel <i>GATA-4</i> Gene Mutation: Implications for Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) and Review of the Literature by Tommaso Aversa, Giovanni Luppino, Domenico Corica, Giorgia Pepe, Mariella Valenzise, Roberto Coco, Alessandra Li Pomi, Malgorzata Wasniewska

“…The <i>GATA-4</i> gene, located on chromosome 8p23.1, encodes GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA-4), a transcription factor that is essential for cardiac and gonadal development and sexual differentiation. Case Description: A child with a history of micropenis and cryptorchidism. …”
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Microbiome Associated with the Mycangia of Female and Male Adults of the Ambrosia Beetle <i>Platypus cylindrus</i> Fab. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by Stefano Nones, Fernanda Simões, Cândida Sofia Trindade, José Matos, Edmundo Sousa

“…Overall, these results provide the first insights into sexual differentiation for bacteria in a Platypodinae beetle species, identifying key patterns of bacteria distribution in the context of beetle ecology and functional behavior.…”
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Insights into Gonadal Sex Differentiation Provided by Single-Cell Transcriptomics in the Chicken Embryo by Martin Andres Estermann, Sarah Williams, Claire Elizabeth Hirst, Zahida Yesmin Roly, Olivier Serralbo, Deepak Adhikari, David Powell, Andrew Thomas Major, Craig Allen Smith

“…Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of gonadal sex differentiation, using single-cell sequencing in the embryonic chicken gonad during sexual differentiation. The data show that chicken embryonic-supporting cells do not derive from the coelomic epithelium, in contrast to other vertebrates studied. …”
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Comparative developmental genomics of sex-biased gene expression in early embryogenesis across mammals by Victorya Richardson, Nora Engel, Rob J. Kulathinal

“…Abstract Background Mammalian gonadal sex is determined by the presence or absence of a Y chromosome and the subsequent production of sex hormones contributes to secondary sexual differentiation. However, sex chromosome-linked genes encoding dosage-sensitive transcription and epigenetic factors are expressed well before gonad formation and have the potential to establish sex-biased expression that persists beyond the appearance of gonadal hormones. …”
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The effect of rearing temperature in larval development of pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis: morphological indicators of development by Tomás Chalde, Daniel A. Fernández, Víctor E. Cussac, Gustavo M. Somoza

“…It is well known that in pejerrey water temperature not only affects growth rates but also directs the sexual differentiation process. This fact rise the question of how different the development of pejerrey larvae of the same age is when reared at different temperatures. …”
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Sex-based metabolic and microbiota differences in roots and rhizosphere soils of dioecious papaya (Carica papaya L.) by Yongmei Zhou, Ziqin Pang, Zhaonian Yuan, Nyumah Fallah, Haifeng Jia, Ray Ming

“…For example, testosterone was up-regulated in male papaya roots and rhizosphere soils, whereas norgestrel was up-regulated in the female papaya roots, indicating a possible balance in papaya roots to control the sexual differentiation. Plant hormones such as BRs, JAs, SA and GAs were also detected among the differential metabolites in the roots and rhizosphere soils of dioecious papaya. …”
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Identifying Genes Associated with Female Flower Development of <i>Phellodendron amurense</i> Rupr. Using a Transcriptomics Approach by Lihong He, Yongfang Fan, Zhao Zhang, Xueping Wei, Jing Yu

“…Moreover, some candidate genes related to the sexual differentiation of <i>P. amurense</i> were obtained with analysis. …”
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Phylogenetic and transcriptomic characterization of insulin and growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases in crustaceans by Kaylie A. Flores, Jorge L. Pérez-Moreno, David S. Durica, Donald L. Mykles, Donald L. Mykles

“…In decapod crustaceans, RTKs are implicated in various physiological processes, such molting and growth, limb regeneration, reproduction and sexual differentiation, and innate immunity. RTKs are organized into two main types: insulin receptors (InsRs) and growth factor receptors, which include epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). …”
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Unraveling the Sexual Dimorphism of First Instar Nymphs of the Giant Stick Insect, <i>Cladomorphus phyllinus</i> Gray, 1835, from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil by Jane Costa, Lucas Torres, Leticia Paschoaletto, Ana Luiza Anes Pimenta, Hugo A. Benítez, Manuel J. Suazo, Carolina Reigada, Hélcio R. Gil-Santana

“…These results confirm this new morphological trait, which here is named “alar suture” as sex-specific in the first instar nymphs, a novelty in this stage of development of sexual differentiation. In addition, the distinct conformations of the last three abdominal sternites of both sexes were recorded.…”
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