Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Economic Viability of Nguni Cattle Fed Diets Containing Graded Levels of <em>Opuntia ficus-indica</em> by Ayanda Nyambali, Mthunzi Mndela, Tlou Julius Tjelele, Cletos Mapiye, Phillip Evert Strydom, Emiliano Raffrenato, Kennedy Dzama, Voster Muchenje, Ntuthuko Raphael Mkhize

“…Given the severe droughts caused by global warming, smallholder beef cattle farmers are faced with serious forage and feed scarcity. …”
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Influence of fertilizer rates on growth of selected immature rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) clones grown on two soil series by Adekunle, Salisu Monsuru

“…This study aims at evaluating the influence of fertilizer rates currently recommended by Rubber Industry Smallholders Development Authority (RISDA 1) for rubber growers in Malaysia. …”
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Population Ecology, Reproductive Behaviour And Feeding Habit Of Helopeltis Antonii Signoret On Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) Plants by Siswanto, Siswanto

“…The studies were conducted in pesticide-free cashew plantation belonging to smallholders and also in the laboratory of Estate Service of Wonogiri Regency in Ngadirojo district, Wonogiri, Central Java, Indonesia from March 2004 to May 2006. …”
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Epidemiology And Morphology Of Lungworm (Dictyocaulus Viviparus), And Its Associated Lung Pathology In Cattle And Buffaloes In Peninsular Malaysia by Htun, Lat Lat

“…A cross-sectional study was carried out in four large scale farms (Farms A, B, C and D) and three dairy smallholdings (Farm E) to detect and determine the prevalence of lungworm infection and to identify the risk factors. …”
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Impact of microfinance on the efficiency of maize producers in North Eastern Nigeria by Auwal, Ahmed Muhammad

“…Access to credit is vital in agricultural production due to low income from both farming and non-farm undertakings and this impedes investing in production inputs especially among smallholder farmers. These farmers produced about 90% of the total food supply, but the production has been declining over the last few years due to lack of funding, a situation that subjects them to low efficiency, low output and income which aggravates poverty in the country. …”
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First report of Bacillus pumilus causing trunk bulges of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) in Malaysia by Mazlan, Safwan, Mohamed Zulperi, Dzarifah, Abdul Wahab, Mohd As'wad, Md Jaafar @ Ahmad Jaafar, Noraini, Sulaiman, Zulkefly, Rajandas, Heera

“…Superclone RRIM 3001, mostly cultivated by smallholders, yields about 3 tons of natural rubber latex per hectare per year. …”
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Efficiency and profitability of pearl millet production in the North-West region of Nigeria by Mukhtar, Umar

“…The results obtained from the stochastic frontier analysis shows substantial technical, allocative and economic inefficiencies among smallholder pearl millet farmers. The results reveals that all the six production variables used in the model; farm size, fertilizer, manure, labour, seed, and agrochemical had a positive technical relationship with pearl millet output and were statistically significant. …”
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Using a Bottom-Up Approach to Scale Leaf Photosynthetic Traits of Oil Palm, Rubber, and Two Coexisting Tropical Woody Species by Ashehad A. Ali, Branindityo Nugroho, Fernando E. Moyano, Fabian Brambach, Michael W. Jenkins, Robert Pangle, Christian Stiegler, Emanuel Blei, Andi Nur Cahyo, Alexander Olchev, Bambang Irawan, Rahmi Ariani, Tania June, Suria Tarigan, Marife D. Corre, Edzo Veldkamp, Alexander Knohl

“…(oil palm), <i>Hevea brasiliensis</i> (rubber tree), and two native tree species, <i>Eusideroxylon zwageri</i> and <i>Alstonia scholaris</i>, in a converted landscape in Jambi province (Sumatra, Indonesia) at smallholder plantations. We considered three plantations; a monoculture rubber, a monoculture oil palm, and an agroforestry system (jungle rubber plantation), where rubber trees coexist with some native trees. …”
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Herbicide in Weed Management of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) and Rainy Season Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) under Conservation Agricultural System by Taslima Zahan, Md Faruque Hossain, Apurba K. Chowdhury, Md Omar Ali, Md Akkas Ali, Eldessoky S. Dessoky, Mohamed M. Hassan, Sagar Maitra, Akbar Hossain

“…Conservation agriculture (CA) based practices are gaining popularity in smallholder farming systems recently because they ensure soil quality and soil health, and they also reduce the total cultivation costs. …”
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Efficiency of livestock-oil palm integration under small holder scheme in Johor, Malaysia by Gabdo, Bashir Hamman

“…Data were collected from 255 livestock-oil palm smallholders across the 10 districts of Johor,Malaysia. …”
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ATSS Deep Learning-Based Approach to Detect Apple Fruits by Leonardo Josoé Biffi, Edson Mitishita, Veraldo Liesenberg, Anderson Aparecido dos Santos, Diogo Nunes Gonçalves, Nayara Vasconcelos Estrabis, Jonathan de Andrade Silva, Lucas Prado Osco, Ana Paula Marques Ramos, Jorge Antonio Silva Centeno, Marcos Benedito Schimalski, Leo Rufato, Sílvio Luís Rafaeli Neto, José Marcato Junior, Wesley Nunes Gonçalves

“…The study area is a highly-dense apple orchard consisting of Fuji Suprema apple fruits (<i>Malus domestica</i> Borkh) located in a smallholder farm in the state of Santa Catarina (southern Brazil). …”
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Monitoring the Sustainability of Cropland of Boland Village in Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran using Emergy Approach by Farshad Golshani, Mohammad Reza Asgharipour, Ahmad Ghanbari, Esmaeel Seyedabadi

“…The present study was conducted to monitor the sustainability and productivity of the use of inputs in wheat, barley and alfalfa production systems using emergetic indicators, using information collected from the smallholder in Boland village, Sistan, Iran during 2019.Materials and Methods  Boland village is located in Teymurabad village, approximately 17 kilometers north of Zabol city in Sistan and Baluchestan province. …”
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Seed germination of selected Hevea brasiliensis (wild, ex A. juss.) mull. arg. (latex timber clone) and influence of fertilizer and water deficit on seedling performance by Mokhatar, Mohd Shafar Jefri

“…Four different rates of RISDA 1(10.7: 16.6: 9.5: 2.4) compound fertilizer were used;T1 (0 g per plant) act as control, T2 (50%, 18.75 g per plant), T3 (100%, 37.5 g per plant) and T4 (150%, 56.25 g per plant) with T3 (100%) being the rate recommended by the Rubber Industry and Smallholders Development Authority. In order to evaluate rubber tree to water stress condition, a study was carried out under rain shelter. …”
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Bioeconomic Evaluation of Agroforestry Practices in the Mountainous Region of Rima’a Valley, Yemen by Shogaa Aldeen, Abdulmoaamen Hamood

“…Agroforestry system is being promoted as a more appropriate land use system than monocropping practices for smallholders worldwide. Unfortunately, detailed studies on the sustainability of different land use systems are limited and in this region land has started to deteriorate and many farmers turned to traditional agriculture. …”
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Managing soil organic carbon in tropical agroecosystems: evidence from four long-term experiments in Kenya by M. Laub, M. Corbeels, M. Corbeels, A. Couëdel, S. M. Ndungu, M. W. Mucheru-Muna, D. Mugendi, M. Necpalova, M. Necpalova, W. Waswa, M. Van de Broek, B. Vanlauwe, J. Six

“…Farmyard manure showed the highest potential for reducing SOC losses, but the necessary quantities to build SOC are often not realistic for smallholder farmers in Africa. Therefore, additional agronomic interventions such as intercropping, crop rotations or the cultivation of crops with extended root systems are necessary to maintain or increase SOC.…”
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Determination of blood cholinesterase, neurobehavioral performance and genetic damage due to organophosphate exposure among male cocoa farmers in Pahang and Perak, Malaysia by Mohammad, Norsyazwani

“…There are approximately 12,839 workers which is inclusive of cocoa farmers working with cocoa centre and independent smallholder cocoa farmers in Malaysia who are working in the cocoa plantations sector with the breakdown of 4,881 workers in Sabah, 5,613 workers in Sarawak and 2,345 (18.3%) workers in the Peninsular Malaysia. …”
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Effects of implementing feeding, breeding and a herd health program on the performance of boer goat breeding farm in Sabah by Salisi, Mohd Shahrom

“…The ruminant sector in Malaysia contributed 9% of the ex-farm value and the goat industry is relatively small in Malaysia, with approximately 247,000 – 350,000 heads mainly by smallholders. Currently, the goat industry supplies only 8% of the local demand for chevron. …”
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Advancing agricultural greenhouse gas quantification* by Lydia Olander, Eva Wollenberg, Francesco Tubiello, Martin Herold

“…Quantifying the emissions of the complex crop livestock or diverse cropping systems that characterize smallholder systems presents particular challenges. …”
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Quality and mycotoxin contamination of maize stored in air-tight containers in rural farm stores: data from two semi-arid zones in Kenya and Tanzania by Mutungi, Christopher, Gaspar, Audifas, Kabula, Esther, Abass, Adebayo

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In This Issue: Advancing the Right to Food by Duncan Hilchey

“…From additional panel speakers we heard about New England's lofty goal of supplying 50% of its own food by 2060; case studies of agroecology projects and working with smallholder farmers in Central America to adjust to climate change; and a remarkable program run by Vermont Youth Conservation Corps called the Health Care Share that includes a CSA operated with paid youth trainees in which shares are actually prescribed—and are free of charge—to limited-resource patients who have health issues related to weight and nutrition (see http://www.farmatvycc.org/). …”
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