Characterization of dark quencher chromophores as nonfluorescent acceptors for single-molecule FRET. -н Le Reste, L, Hohlbein, J, Gryte, K, Kapanidis, A

“…Specifically, using double-stranded DNA standards labeled with two fluorophores and a dark quencher (either QSY7 or QSY21), we show that the proximity of a fluorophore and dark quencher can be monitored using the stoichiometry ratio available from alternating laser excitation spectroscopy experiments, either for single molecules diffusing in solution (using a confocal fluorescence) or immobilized on surfaces (using total-internal-reflection fluorescence). …”

20S proteasomes have the potential to keep substrates in store for continual degradation. -н Sharon, M, Witt, S, Felderer, K, Rockel, B, Baumeister, W, Robinson, C

“…Here we have shown that by applying both electron microscopy and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) approaches to this multisubunit complex we obtain precise information regarding the stoichiometry and location of substrates within the three chambers. …”

The presence of outer arm fucose residues on the N-glycans of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 reduces its activity. -н Kim, H, Saldova, R, Park, J, Lee, Y, Harvey, D, Wormald, M, Wynne, K, Elia, G, Kim, H, Rudd, P, Lee, S

“…Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) inhibits matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by binding at a 1:1 stoichiometry. Here we have shown the involvement of N-glycosylation in the MMP inhibitory ability of TIMP-1. …”

Probing genuine strong interactions and post-translational modifications in the heterogeneous yeast exosome protein complex. -н Synowsky, SA, van den Heuvel, R, Mohammed, S, Pijnappel, P, Heck, A

“…Combination of these data with proteolytic peptide LC tandem mass spectrometry using a linear ion trap coupled to a FT-ICR mass spectrometer and intact protein LC mass spectrometry provided us with the identity of the different exosome components and (sub)complexes, including the subunit stoichiometry. We hypothesize that the observed complexes provide information about strongly and weakly interacting exosome-associated proteins. …”

Subunit dimers of alpha-hemolysin expand the engineering toolbox for protein nanopores. -н Hammerstein, A, Jayasinghe, L, Bayley, H

“…We attempted to force the αHL pore to adopt novel stoichiometries by oligomerizing subunit dimers generated by in vitro transcription and translation of a tandem gene. …”

Characterization of Oxidation and Reduction of Pt-Ru and Pt-Rh-Ru Alloys by Atom Probe Tomography and Comparison with Pt-Rh -н Li, T, Bagot, P, Marquis, E, Tsang, S, Smith, G

“…In the case of the Pt-Rh-Ru alloy, oxidation initiates from the grain boundaries, forming an oxide with a stoichiometry of MO 2. As the oxidation time increases, this oxide evolves into a twophase nanostructure, involving a Rh-rich oxide phase (Rh, Ru) 2O 3 and a Ru-rich oxide phase (Ru, Rh)O 2. …”

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in Orai1 associated with atopic dermatitis inhibit protein turnover, decrease calcium entry and disrupt calcium-dependent gene expression -н Yeh, Y-C, Lin, Y-P, Kramer, H, Parekh, AB

“…The increase in membrane Orai1–SNP leads to a mis-match in Orai1–STIM stoichiometry, resulting in inhibition of Ca2+ entry and Ca2+-dependent gene expression. …”

Tunable force transduction through the Escherichia coli cell envelope -н Williams-Jones, DP, Webby, MN, Press, CE, Gradon, JM, Armstrong, SR, Szczepaniak, J, Kleanthous, C

“…The structure reaffirms the 5:2 stoichiometry seen in Ton and Mot and, with motor subunits related to each other by 10 to 16° rotation, supports rotary motion as the default for these complexes. …”

SYNTHESIS AND COORDINATION CHEMISTRY OF NEW SCHIFF-BASE BIS(CROWN ETHER) LIGANDS CONTAINING RECOGNITION SITES FOR ALKALI-METAL AND TRANSITION-METAL GUEST CATIONS - CRYSTAL-STRUCTUR... -н Beer, P, Crane, C, Drew, M

“…Carbon-13 NMR titration studies suggest that the stoichiometry of the Schiff-base bis(crown ether) ligand to potassium guest cations is dependent upon the stereochemical requirements of the co-bound silver(I) guest cation.…”

Analysis of CD44-hyaluronan interactions in an artificial membrane system: insights into the distinct binding properties of high and low molecular weight hyaluronan. -н Wolny, P, Banerji, S, Gounou, C, Brisson, A, Day, A, Jackson, D, Richter, R

“…Despite the importance of such interactions, however, neither the stoichiometry of multivalent HA binding at the cell surface nor the molecular basis for functional distinction between different HA size categories is understood. …”

Three binding sites for stalk protein dimers are generally present in ribosomes from archaeal organism. -н Maki, Y, Hashimoto, T, Zhou, M, Naganuma, T, Ohta, J, Nomura, T, Robinson, C, Uchiumi, T

“…In truncation experiments of the C-terminal regions of the anchor protein Ph-P0, we surprisingly observed three Ph-L12 dimers bound to the C-terminal half of Ph-P0, and the binding site for the third dimer was unique to the archaeal homologs. The stoichiometry of the heptameric complex Ph-P0(Ph-L12)(2)(Ph-L12)(2)(Ph-L12)(2) was confirmed by mass spectrometry of the intact complex. …”

Tandem mass spectrometry of intact GroEL-substrate complexes reveals substrate-specific conformational changes in the trans ring. -н van Duijn, E, Simmons, D, van den Heuvel, R, Bakkes, P, van Heerikhuizen, H, Heeren, R, Robinson, C, van der Vies, S, Heck, A

“…On the basis of the stoichiometry of the GroEL chaperonin-substrate complex and the dissociation behavior of the two different substrates, we hypothesize that the binding of a single capsid polypeptide does not induce significant conformational changes in the GroEL trans ring, and hence the unoccupied GroEL ring remains accessible for a second capsid molecule.…”

Biochemical characterization of C15ORF41: a novel nuclease -н Ezzibdeh, R

“…Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays indicated that there is likely a 2:1 protein to substrate stoichiometry. Fluorescence anisotropy data showed that the <em>C15ORF41</em>-Codanin complex appeared to have much higher affinity to DNA substrates than the individual constituent proteins.…”

Carbon-decorated FePt nanoparticles -н Caiulo, N, Yu, C, Yu, K, Lo, C, Oduro, W, Thiebaut, B, Bishop, P, Tsang, S

“…It is also believed that such a synthetic protocol can be readily extended to the preparation of other graphite-coated magnetic iron alloys of controlled size, stoichiometry, and physical properties. © 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and. …”

3D printed reactor-in-a-centrifuge (RIAC): making flow-synthesis of nanoparticles pump-free and cost-effective -н Andrea Cristaldi, D, Labanca, A, Donal Pottinger, T, Owen, J, Stulz, E, Zhang, X, Carugo, D

“…It is widely recognised that flow-reactors offer greater control over the stoichiometry of chemical reactions when compared to batch methods, since they provide finer and more predictable regulation over the transport of fluids and chemical species. …”

Identification of the sites in MAP kinase kinase-1 phosphorylated by p74raf-1. -н Alessi, DR, Saito, Y, Campbell, D, Cohen, P, Sithanandam, G, Rapp, U, Ashworth, A, Marshall, C, Cowley, S

“…Only the diphosphorylated form of MAPKK1 (phosphorylated at both Ser217 and Ser221) was detected, even when the stoichiometry of phosphorylation by p74raf-1 was low, indicating that phosphorylation of one of these sites is rate limiting, phosphorylation of the second then occurring extremely rapidly. …”

Nanofabrication yields. Hybridization and click-fixation of polycyclic DNA nanoassemblies. -н Lundberg, E, Plesa, C, Wilhelmsson, L, Lincoln, P, Brown, T, Nordén, B

“…Experimental errors introducing deviations from perfect stoichiometry and the thermodynamics of hybridization equilibria contribute to decreasing the value of y(duplex) (on average y = 0.96 for our 10 base pair hybridization). …”

Assembly states of the nucleosome assembly protein 1 (NAP-1) revealed by sedimentation velocity and non-denaturing MS. -н Noda, M, Uchiyama, S, McKay, A, Morimoto, A, Misawa, S, Yoshida, A, Shimahara, H, Takinowaki, H, Nakamura, S, Kobayashi, Y, Matsunaga, S, Ohkubo, T, Robinson, C, Fukui, K

“…Additionally, MS was used to measure the stoichiometry of the interaction between the human NAP-1 dimer and the histone H2A-H2B dimer or H3-H4 tetramer. …”

Propitious Escalation in Photocurrent Response from MnZnO3 Thin Films Using Methanol as Sacrificial Agent -н Mansoor, Muhammad Adil, Lim, Su Pei, Yusof, Farazila, Ming, Huang Nay

“…Abstract: The thin film of MnZnO3 was prepared from Mn-Zn complex [Mn2Zn2(TFA)8(THF)4]n(1) (where TFA = trifluroactetato and THF = tetrahydrofuran) via aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition. The stoichiometry and oxidation of individual elements of the films were determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. …”

Phase equilibria in the Bi2O3-CuO-Nb2O5 ternary system -н Tan, Kar Ban, Chon, Mun Ping, Khaw, Chwin Chieh, Zainal, Zulkarnain, Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin, Chen, Soo Kien, Tan, Phei Yi

“…The mechanism of this limited subsolidus series could be represented by a general formula, Bi3.08−xCu1.84+2x/9Nb3.08+7x/9O14.16+6x/9 (0≤x≤0.36) wherein the reduction in Bi content was compensated by a proportion amount of copper and niobium together with non-stoichiometry in oxygen.…”
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