Projections of Future Marine Heatwaves for the Oceans Around New Zealand Using New Zealand's Earth System Model by Erik Behrens, Graham Rickard, Suzanne Rosier, Jonny Williams, Olaf Morgenstern, Dáithí Stone

“…For present-day conditions, the model overestimates MHW intensity and underestimates the number of annual MHW days for subtropical waters, while some smaller positive biases are present in subantarctic waters compared to observations. Despite this, NZESM agrees with the observational pattern that more intense MHWs and more annual MHW days are found in subtropical waters compared to subantarctic waters. …”
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Lanternfish (Myctophidae) zoogeography off eastern Australia: a comparison with physicochemical biogeography. by Adrian J Flynn, N Justin Marshall

“…A four-region zoogeographic scheme is hypothesised: Coral Sea region, Subtropical Lower Water region, Subtropical Convergence/South Tasman region and Subantarctic region. The Tasman Front, Subtropical Convergence and Subantarctic Front represented zoogeographic boundaries. …”
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Wing reduction and body size variation along a steep elevation gradient: a case study with Magellanic sub-Antarctic mayflies and stoneflies by Javier Rendoll-Cárcamo, Javier Rendoll-Cárcamo, Javier Rendoll-Cárcamo, Melisa Gañán, Melisa Gañán, Melisa Gañán, Melisa Gañán, R. Isaí Madriz, Peter Convey, Peter Convey, Peter Convey, Peter Convey, Tamara Contador, Tamara Contador, Tamara Contador

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Diversity of microbial plankton in the Southwest Pacific Ocean: a synopsis from carbon production to export by Ong, Denise Rui Ying

“…Distinct pico and nanoeukaryote populations maintained similar cell-specific carbon fixation rates in oligotrophic subtropical and HNLC subantarctic conditions, which could be due to phago-mixotrophic taxa dominating the communities in subantarctic waters, therefore alleviating iron stress. …”
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Distribution of planktonic biogenic carbonate organisms in the Southern Ocean south of Australia: a baseline for ocean acidification impact assessment by T. W. Trull, T. W. Trull, T. W. Trull, A. Passmore, A. Passmore, D. M. Davies, D. M. Davies, T. Smit, K. Berry, K. Berry, B. Tilbrook, B. Tilbrook

“…This limited importance of coccolithophores in the Southern Ocean is further emphasized in terms of their associated POC, representing less than 1 % of total POC in Antarctic waters and less than 10 % in subantarctic waters. NASA satellite ocean-colour-based PIC estimates were in reasonable agreement with the shipboard results in subantarctic waters but greatly overestimated PIC in Antarctic waters. …”
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Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Parasite-Fauna of Wild <i>Dissostichus eleginoides</i> Smitt, 1898 Captured at the South-Central Coast of Chile by Italo Fernández, Patricio de Los Ríos-Escalante, Ariel Valenzuela, Paulina Aguayo, Carlos T. Smith, Apolinaria García-Cancino, Kimberly Sánchez-Alonso, Ciro Oyarzún, Víctor L. Campos

“…<i>Dissotichus eleginoides</i> has a discontinuous circumpolar geographic distribution restricted to mountains and platforms, mainly in Subantarctic and Antarctic waters of the southern hemisphere, including the Southeast Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans and in areas surrounding the peninsular platforms of subantarctic islands. …”
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Meridional and zonal changes in water properties along the continental slope off central and northern Chile by PJ Llanillo, JL Pelegrí, CM Duarte, M Emelianov, M Gasser, J Gourrion, A Rodríguez-Santana

“…Six water masses were identified: Subantarctic Water (SAAW), Summer Subantarctic Water (SSAW), Subtropical Water (STW), Equatorial Subsurface Water (ESSW), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), and Pacific Deep Water (PDW). …”
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Differences between 1999 and 2010 across the Falkland Plateau: fronts and water masses by M. D. Pérez-Hernández, M. D. Pérez-Hernández, A. Hernández-Guerra, I. Comas-Rodríguez, V. M. Benítez-Barrios, E. Fraile-Nuez, J. L. Pelegrí, A. C. Naveira Garabato

“…The Subantarctic Front (SAF) in 1999 is observed at 52.2–54.8° W with a relative mass transport of 32.6 Sv. …”
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Coccolithophore biodiversity controls carbonate export in the Southern Ocean by A. S. Rigual Hernández, T. W. Trull, T. W. Trull, S. D. Nodder, J. A. Flores, H. Bostock, H. Bostock, F. Abrantes, F. Abrantes, R. S. Eriksen, R. S. Eriksen, F. J. Sierro, D. M. Davies, D. M. Davies, A.-M. Ballegeer, M. A. Fuertes, L. C. Northcote

“…This observation contrasts with the generally accepted notion that high particulate inorganic carbon accumulations during the austral summer in the subantarctic Southern Ocean are mainly caused by <i>E. huxleyi</i> blooms. …”
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A new primnoid genus (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Southern Ocean by Pablo J. López-González, Josep María Gili, Covadonga Orejas

“…A new primnoid genus is here proposed based on the study of the type material of Primnoella gracilis Molander, 1929 and the abundant material collected during some recent Antarctic and Subantarctic cruises. The new genus, Arntzia, is compared with its closest primnoid genera, mainly Ainigmaptilon Dean and Primnoella Gray. …”
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Distribution, reproductive and energetic conditions of decapod crustaceans along the Scotia Arc (Southern Ocean) by Gustavo A. Lovrich, M. Carolina Romero, Federico Tapella, Sven Thatje

“…A clear biogeographic zonation was found. The Subantarctic Magellan-South Atlantic decapod fauna consisting of both “natant” (caridean) and “reptant” (astacidean, anomuran, and brachyuran) decapods appeared along the northern branch of the Scotia Arc to South Georgia, where Subantarctic and Antarctic faunas were found overlapping. …”
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Microbe biogeography tracks water masses in a dynamic oceanic frontal system by Anni Djurhuus, Philipp H. Boersch-Supan, Svein-Ole Mikalsen, Alex D. Rogers

“…The microbiome of these layers appears to be divided into three distinct biological regimes corresponding to the subantarctic surface water, the convergence zone and subtropical. …”
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The White Ocean hypothesis: a late Pleistocene Southern Ocean governed by Coccolithophores and driven by phosphorus by Jose Abel Flores, Gabriel Michael Filippelli, Gabriel Michael Filippelli, Francisco Javier Sierro, Jennifer C. Latimer

“…Here, we integrate geochemical (phosphorus) and micropaleontological proxies at millennial timescales, revealing that the coccolithophore record in the Subantarctic zone of the South Atlantic Ocean is driven largely by variations in marine phosphorus availability. …”
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Surface heat budget in the Southern Ocean from 42°S to the Antarctic marginal ice zone: four atmospheric reanalyses versus icebreaker Aurora Australis measurements by Lisan Yu, Xiangze Jin, Eric W. Schulz

“…The icebreaker tracked between Hobart, Tasmania (ca. 42°S), and the Antarctic continent, providing in situ benchmarks for the surface energy budget change in the Subantarctic Southern Ocean (58–42°S) and the eastern Antarctic marginal ice zone (MIZ, 68–58°S). …”
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Microbe biogeography tracks water masses in a dynamic oceanic frontal system by Djurhuus, A, Boersch-Supan, P, Mikalsen, S, Rogers, A

“…The microbiome of these layers appears to be divided into three distinct biological regimes corresponding to the subantarctic surface water, the convergence zone and subtropical. …”

Isotopic fractionation of carbon during uptake by phytoplankton across the South Atlantic subtropical convergence by Tuerena, R, Ganeshram, R, Humphreys, M, Browning, T, Bouman, H, Piotrowski, A

“…Here, the variability in δ13CPOC is investigated in surface waters across the south subtropical convergence (SSTC) in the Atlantic Ocean, to determine carbon isotope fractionation (ϵp) by phytoplankton and the contrasting mechanisms of carbon uptake in the subantarctic and subtropical water masses. Our results indicate that cell size is the primary determinant of δ13CPOC across the Atlantic SSTC in summer. …”

Technical note: Skirt chamber – an open dynamic method for the rapid and minimally intrusive measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from peatlands by F. Thalasso, F. Thalasso, B. Riquelme, B. Riquelme, A. Gómez, R. Mackenzie, R. Mackenzie, F. J. Aguirre, J. Hoyos-Santillan, J. Hoyos-Santillan, J. Hoyos-Santillan, R. Rozzi, A. Sepulveda-Jauregui, A. Sepulveda-Jauregui, A. Sepulveda-Jauregui

“…The method was tested on a pristine peatland dominated by <i>Sphagnum magellanicum</i> located on Navarino Island in the subantarctic Magellanic ecoregion in Chile. Our results indicate that the skirt chamber allowed the determination of methane fluxes and ecosystem respiration in about 20 min, with a limit of detection of 0.185 mg CH<span class="inline-formula">₄</span> m<span class="inline-formula">⁻²</span> h<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span> and 173 mg CO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span> m<span class="inline-formula">⁻²</span> h<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>, respectively. …”
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Massive salp outbreaks in the inner sea of Chiloé Island (Southern Chile): possible causes and ecological consequences by Ricardo Giesecke, Alejandro Clement, José Garcés-Vargas, Jorge I Mardones, Humberto E González, Luciano Caputo, Leonardo Castro

“…During 2010 several massive salp outbreaks of the Subantarctic species Ihlea magalhanica were recorded in the inner sea of Chiloé Island (ISCh, Southern Chile), affecting both phytoplankton abundance and salmon farmers by causing high fish mortality. …”
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Observed amplification of the seasonal CO2 cycle at the Southern Ocean Time Series by Elizabeth H. Shadwick, Elizabeth H. Shadwick, Cathryn A. Wynn-Edwards, Cathryn A. Wynn-Edwards, Richard J. Matear, Peter Jansen, Eric Schulz, Adrienne J. Sutton

“…The Subantarctic Zone, the circumpolar region of the Southern Ocean between the Subtropical and Subantarctic fronts, plays an important role in air-sea CO2 exchange, the storage of anthropogenic CO2, and the ventilation of the lower thermocline. …”
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Marathon penguins - Reasons and consequences of long-range dispersal in Fiordland penguins / Tawaki during the pre-moult period. by Thomas Mattern, Klemens Pütz, Pablo Garcia-Borboroglu, Ursula Ellenberg, David M Houston, Robin Long, Benno Lüthi, Philip J Seddon

“…Water depth, surface current velocity and sea level anomalies had the greatest influence on penguin movements at the subantarctic Front, while sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a concentration were key for birds travelling to the subtropical front. …”
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