The role of KNOX genes in the evolution of morphological novelty in Streptocarpus. by Harrison, J, Möller, M, Langdale, J, Cronk, Q, Hudson, A

“…These distinct morphologies reflect fundamental differences in the role of the SAM and the process of leaf specification. A subfamily of KNOTTED-like homeobox (KNOX) genes are known to be important in regulating meristem function and leaf development in model species with conventional morphologies. …”

Conformational stability and activity of p73 require a second helix in the tetramerization domain. by Coutandin, D, Löhr, F, Niesen, F, Ikeya, T, Weber, T, Schäfer, B, Zielonka, E, Bullock, A, Yang, A, Güntert, P, Knapp, S, McKeon, F, Ou, H, Dötsch, V

“…No heterooligomerization between p53 and the p73/p63 subfamily was observed, supporting the notion of functional orthogonality within the p53 family.…”

High-density fine-mapping of a chromosome 10q26 linkage peak suggests association between endometriosis and variants close to CYP2C19. by Painter, J, Nyholt, DR, Morris, A, Zhao, Z, Henders, A, Lambert, A, Wallace, L, Martin, N, Kennedy, S, Treloar, SA, Zondervan, K, Montgomery, G

“…However, only rs11592737 in the cytochrome P450 subfamily C (CYP2C19) gene was replicated in an independent sample of 2,079 cases and 7,060 population controls. …”

Common variants in the CYP2C19 gene are associated with susceptibility to endometriosis by Painter, J, Nyholt, DR, Krause, L, Zhao, Z, Chapman, B, Zhang, C, Medland, S, Martin, N, Kennedy, S, Treloar, S, Zondervan, K, Montgomery, G

“…Objective To follow-up previous studies highlighting a possible role for cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, 19 (CYP2C19) in susceptibility to endometriosis by searching for additional variants in the CYP2C19 gene that may be associated with the disease. …”

Structural mechanisms determining inhibition of the collagen receptor DDR1 by selective and multi-targeted type II kinase inhibitors. by Canning, P, Tan, L, Chu, K, Lee, S, Gray, N, Bullock, A

“…The discoidin domain receptors (DDRs), DDR1 and DDR2, form a unique subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases that are activated by the binding of triple-helical collagen. …”

Rab-A2 and Rab-A3 GTPases define a trans-golgi endosomal membrane domain in Arabidopsis that contributes substantially to the cell plate. by Chow, C, Neto, H, Foucart, C, Moore, I

“…The Ypt3/Rab11/Rab25 subfamily of Rab GTPases has expanded greatly in Arabidopsis thaliana, comprising 26 members in six provisional subclasses, Rab-A1 to Rab-A6. …”

Phylogeny, adaptive radiation, and historical biogeography in Bromeliaceae: insights from an eight-locus plastid phylogeny. by Givnish, T, Barfuss, M, Van Ee, B, Riina, R, Schulte, K, Horres, R, Gonsiska, P, Jabaily, R, Crayn, D, Smith, J, Winter, K, Brown, G, Evans, T, Holst, B, Luther, H, Till, W, Zizka, G, Berry, P, Sytsma, K

“…RESULTS: Bromeliad subfamilies are related to each other as follows: (Brocchinioideae, (Lindmanioideae, (Tillandsioideae, (Hechtioideae, (Navioideae, (Pitcairnioideae, (Puyoideae, Bromelioideae))))))). …”

Insights into the molecular evolution of the PDZ/LIM family and identification of a novel conserved protein motif by Te Velthuis, A, Isogai, T, Gerrits, L, Bagowski, C

“…Further, we describe the separation of the ALP and Enigma subfamilies in lower vertebrates and identify a novel consensus motif, which we call 'ALP-like motif' (AM). …”

Ancient protostome origin of chemosensory ionotropic glutamate receptors and the evolution of insect taste and olfaction by Croset, V, Rytz, R, Cummins, S, Budd, A, Brawand, D, Kaessmann, H, Gibson, T, Benton, R

“…Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are a highly conserved family of ligand-gated ion channels present in animals, plants, and bacteria, which are best characterized for their roles in synaptic communication in vertebrate nervous systems. A variant subfamily of iGluRs, the Ionotropic Receptors (IRs), was recently identified as a new class of olfactory receptors in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, hinting at a broader function of this ion channel family in detection of environmental, as well as intercellular, chemical signals. …”

Structural determinants of G-protein alpha subunit selectivity by regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2). by Kimple, A, Soundararajan, M, Hutsell, S, Roos, A, Urban, D, Setola, V, Temple, B, Roth, B, Knapp, S, Willard, F, Siderovski, D

“…Moreover, these three amino acids are seen to be evolutionarily conserved among organisms with modern cardiovascular systems, suggesting that RGS2 arose from the R4-subfamily of RGS proteins to have specialized activity as a potent and selective Galpha(q) GAP that modulates cardiovascular function.…”

Functional balancing of the hypoxia regulators RAP2.12 and HRA1 takes place in vivo in Arabidopsis thaliana plants by Giuntoli, B, Licausi, F, van Veen, H, Perata, P

“…In terrestrial plants, such coordinated gene expression program is promoted by a conserved subfamily of ethylene responsive transcription factors called ERF-VII, which act as master activators of hypoxic gene transcription. …”

Meningococcal carriage in adolescents in the United Kingdom to inform timing of an adolescent vaccination strategy. by Jeppesen, C, Snape, M, Robinson, H, Gossger, N, John, T, Voysey, M, Ladhani, S, Okike, I, Oeser, C, Kent, A, Oliver, J, Taylor, P, Morales-Aza, B, Clarke, S, Casey, M, Martins, F, Kitchin, N, Anderson, A, Jones, H, Jansen, K, Eiden, J, Pedneault, L, Heath, P, Finn, A, Faust, S, Pollard, A

“…Of MenB isolates, 89.1% had subfamily A variants of fHBP. The acquisition rate of MenB carriage was estimated at 2.8 per 1000 person-months. …”

Norfluoxetine inhibits TREK-2 K2P channels by multiple mechanisms including state-independent effects on the selectivity filter gate by Proks, P, Schewe, M, Conrad, LJ, Rao, S, Rathje, K, Rödström, KEJ, Carpenter, EP, Baukrowitz, T, Tucker, SJ

“…The TREK subfamily of two-pore domain K+ (K2P) channels are inhibited by fluoxetine and its metabolite, norfluoxetine (NFx). …”

Compromised function of the pancreatic transcription factor PDX1 in a lineage of desert rodents by Dai, Y, Trigueros, S, Holland, PWH

“…Gerbils are a subfamily of rodents living in arid regions of Asia and Africa. …”

Aquaporins in the wild: natural genetic diversity and selective pressure in the PIP gene family in five Neotropical tree species by Audigeos, D, Buonamici, A, Belkadi, L, Rymer, P, Boshier, D, Scotti-Saintagne, C, Vendramin, G, Scotti, I

“…<br/><br/> <b>Results:</b> PIP Aquaporin subfamily genes were isolated, and their DNA sequence polymorphisms characterised in natural populations. …”

Pollen morphology and harmomegathic characters of Byttneria Löfl. species (Sterculiaceae S. S: subfam. Byttnerioideae) by Amirul-Aiman A.J., Noraini T., Nurul-Aini C.A.C., Chung, R.C.K., Phupumirat W., Ruzi A.R., Bunawan H., Idris S., Suhaniza R.

“…This study proved that pollen morphological characteristics of Byttneria have taxonomic values in identification and differentiation of species in subfamily Byttnerioideae and Sterculiaceae s. s.…”
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Molecular characterization and comparative sequence analysis of defense-related gene, oryza rufipogon receptor-like protein kinase 1 by Law, Y.S., Gudimella, R., Song, B.K., Ratnam, W., Harikrishna, J.A.

“…The biological role of the OrufRPK1 as a defense related LRR-RLK is proposed on the basis of cDNA sequence characterization, domain subfamily classification, structural prediction of extra cellular domains, cluster analysis and comparative gene expression.…”
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Complete mitochondrial genome of Bactrocera arecae (Insecta: Tephritidae) by next-generation sequencing and molecular phylogeny of Dacini tribe by Yong, Hoi Sen, Song, Sze Looi, Lim, Phaik Eem, Chan, Kok Gan, Chow, Wan Loo, Eamsobhana, Praphathip

“…The subgenus Bactrocera of Dacini tribe and the Dacinae subfamily (Dacini and Ceratitidini tribes) were monophyletic. …”

Butterfly dispersal and longevity in unlogged and selectively logged forest by Suzan Benedick, J. K. Hill, Keith C. Hamer, Nazirah Mustaffa, Chey, V. K., Maryati Mohamed

“…The study focused on butterflies in the subfamilies Satyrinae, Nymphalinae, Morphinae and Charaxinae of the family Nymphalidae. …”
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Gene expression of the oil palm transcription factor EgAP2-1 during fruit ripening and in response to ethylene and ABA treatments. by Omidvar, Vahid, Abdullah, Siti Nor Akmar, Ebrahimi, Mahdi, Ho, Chai Ling, Mahmood, Maziah

“…EgAP2-1 belongs to the AP2 subfamily of the APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) proteins and contains two highly conserved AP2/EREBP DNA-binding domains (DNA-BD). …”