The domain architecture of large guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the small GTP-binding protein Arf by Geldner Niko, Shields David J, Cohen Jean, Joubert Alexandra, Biou Valerie, Mouratou Barbara, Jürgens Gerd, Melançon Paul, Cherfils Jacqueline

“…</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our analysis unifies the BIG and GBF subfamilies into a higher order subfamily, which, together with their being the only subfamilies common to all eukaryotes, suggests that they descend from a common ancestor from which species-specific ArfGEFs have subsequently evolved. …”
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FHbp variants among meningococci of serogroup B in Italy: Evolution and selective pressure, 2014–2017 by Alessandra Lo Presti, Anna Carannante, Cecilia Fazio, Arianna Neri, Paola Vacca, Luigina Ambrosio, Florigio Lista, Silvia Fillo, Paola Stefanelli

“…The pattern of selective pressure in our study indicated that subfamily B FHbp sequences are subjected to greater variations and positive selective pressure respect to subfamily A, with 16 positively supported selected sites identified. …”
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Lineage-Specific Variation in IR Boundary Shift Events, Inversions, and Substitution Rates among Caprifoliaceae <i>s.l.</i> (Dipsacales) Plastomes by Seongjun Park, Minji Jun, Sunmi Park, SeonJoo Park

“…This study reports plastome sequences of five additional species, <i>Fedia cornucopiae</i>, <i>Valeriana fauriei,</i> and <i>Valerianella locusta</i> from the subfamily Valerianoideae, as well as <i>Dipsacus japonicus</i> and <i>Scabiosa comosa</i> from the subfamily Dipsacoideae. …”
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Genomic and structural characterization of Kunitz-type peptide LmKTT-1a highlights diversity and evolution of scorpion potassium channel toxins. by Zongyun Chen, Fan Luo, Jing Feng, Weishan Yang, Danyun Zeng, Ruiming Zhao, Zhijian Cao, Maili Liu, Wenxin Li, Ling Jiang, Yingliang Wu

“…BACKGROUND: Recently, a new subfamily of long-chain toxins with a Kunitz-type fold was found in scorpion venom glands. …”
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FHbp variants among meningococci of serogroup B in Italy: Evolution and selective pressure, 2014-2017. by Alessandra Lo Presti, Anna Carannante, Cecilia Fazio, Arianna Neri, Paola Vacca, Luigina Ambrosio, Florigio Lista, Silvia Fillo, Paola Stefanelli

“…The pattern of selective pressure in our study indicated that subfamily B FHbp sequences are subjected to greater variations and positive selective pressure respect to subfamily A, with 16 positively supported selected sites identified.…”
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Identification of CmACL genes in melon and analysis of their potential functions in fruit sugar and acid accumulation by Kaili Ren, Weiping Kong, Taoxia Tang, Hong Cheng

“…A total of four CmACL genes were identified in the melon genome, and phylogenetic analysis assigned these genes into the α subfamily (CmACLα1 and CmACLα2) and the β subfamily (CmACLβ1 and CmACLβ2). …”
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The Remarkable Evolutionary Plasticity of Coronaviruses by Mutation and Recombination: Insights for the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Future Evolutionary Paths of SARS-CoV-2 by Grigorios D. Amoutzias, Marios Nikolaidis, Eleni Tryfonopoulou, Katerina Chlichlia, Panayotis Markoulatos, Stephen G. Oliver

“…Coronaviruses (CoVs) constitute a large and diverse subfamily of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. …”
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Phylogenomics and biogeography of the calamoid palms by Kuhnhäuser, BG

“…However, only few such analyses are currently available.</p> <p>The palm subfamily Calamoideae is proposed here as an appropriate study system to address this knowledge gap. …”

Phylogeny study of social vespid wasps inferred from Cytochrome Oxidase 1 (CO1) locus by Mohamad Arif Mohamad Jamali, Norashirene Mohamad Jamil, Siti Khairiyah Mohd Hatta, Nicholas Anak Salleh, Muhammad Abdul Latiff Abu Bakar, Ameyra Aman Zuki, Nor Aifat Abdul Rahman, Salmah Yaakop, Farida Zuraina Md Yusof

“…Construction of phylogenetic tree shows a monophyletic clade between subfamily of Vespinae and Polistinae and subfamily of Stenogastrinae have been group as the sister clade to other social wasps.…”
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Systematic relationships of Oriental tiny frogs of the family Microhylidae (Amphibia, Anura) as revealed by mtDNA genealogy by Matsui, M., Hamidy, A., Belabut, Daicus Martin, Ahmad, N., Panha, S., Sudin, A., Khonsue, W., Oh, H.S., Yong, Hoi Sen, Jiang, J.P., Nishikawa, K.

“…They were genetically as divergent from each other as from another Oriental subfamily Kalophryninae, and could be recognized as distinct subfamilies. …”

Gene expression patterns of novel visual and non-visual opsin families in immature and mature Japanese eel males by Jun-Hwan Byun, Ji-Yeon Hyeon, Eun-Su Kim, Byeong-Hoon Kim, Hiroshi Miyanishi, Hirohiko Kagawa, Yuki Takeuchi, Se-Jae Kim, Akihiro Takemura, Sung-Pyo Hur

“…The non-visual opsin family included four types of melanopsin subfamily (Opn4x1, Opn4x2, Opn4m1, and Opn4m2), peropsin, two types of neuropsin subfamily (Opn5-like, Opn5), Opn3, three types of TMT opsin subfamily (TMT1, 2, 3), VA-opsin, and parapinopsin. …”
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Insights Into Chloroplast Genome Evolution Across Opuntioideae (Cactaceae) Reveals Robust Yet Sometimes Conflicting Phylogenetic Topologies by Matias Köhler, Matias Köhler, Marcelo Reginato, Tatiana Teixeira Souza-Chies, Lucas C. Majure, Lucas C. Majure

“…Here, we investigated the variation of plastome sequences across the second-major lineage of the Cactaceae, the subfamily Opuntioideae, to address (1) how variable is the content and arrangement of chloroplast genome sequences across the subfamily, and (2) how phylogenetically informative are the plastome sequences for resolving major relationships among the clades of Opuntioideae. …”
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Genomes of <i>Endotrypanum monterogeii</i> from Panama and <i>Zelonia costaricensis</i> from Brazil: Expansion of Multigene Families in Leishmaniinae Parasites That Are Close Relat... by Percy O. Tullume-Vergara, Kelly Y. O. Caicedo, Jose F. C. Tantalean, Myrna G. Serrano, Gregory A. Buck, Marta M. G. Teixeira, Jeffrey J. Shaw, Joao M. P. Alves

“…The Leishmaniinae subfamily of the Trypanosomatidae contains both genus <i>Zelonia</i> (monoxenous) and <i>Endotrypanum</i> (dixenous). …”
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The mitochondrial genome of Xanthochlorus tibetensis (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) by Juan Wang, Yutong Ji, Lisheng Zhang, Mengqing Wang

“…The long-legged fly Xanthochlorus tibetensis belongs to the subfamily Xanthochlorinae of Dolichopodidae. The mitogenome of X. tibetensis was sequenced, it is the first representative complete mitogenome from this subfamily. …”
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On a Certain Subclass of Analytic Functions Defined by Touchard Polynomials by Bolenini Venkateswarlu, Pinninti Thirupathi Reddy, Şahsene Altınkaya, Nattakan Boonsatit, Porpattama Hammachukiattikul, Vaishnavy Sujatha

“…This paper focuses on the establishment of a new subfamily of analytic functions including Touchard polynomials. …”
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The mitochondrial genome of Epiphragma (Epiphragma) mediale (Diptera: Limoniidae) by Bing Zhang, Shang Gao, Ding Yang

“…The crane fly Epiphragma (Epiphragma) mediale Mao and Yang, belongs to subfamily Limnophilinae of family Limoniidae. This mitogenome of E. …”
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The mitochondrial genome of Hilara sp. (Diptera: Empididae) by Shang Gao, Hui Dong, Ding Yang

“…The dance fly Hilara sp. belongs to the subfamily Empidinae of Empididae. The mitogenome (GenBank accession number: MN064659) of Hilara sp. was sequenced, the new representative of the mitogenome of the subfamily. …”
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The complete mitochondrial genome of red-fronted parrot (Poicephalus gulielmi) revealed a new gene rearrangement within the order Psittaciformes by Adam Dawid Urantówka, Aleksandra Kroczak, Paweł Mackiewicz

“…This region is different from all other identified regions and resembles mostly the arrangements in Amazona and Pionus from the subfamily Arinae.…”
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Delta Flower Beetle Trigonopeltastes delta (Forster 1771) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae : Cetoniinae : Tribe, Trichiini) by Brandon Jones, Andrea Lucky

“… The delta flower beetle, Trigonopeltastes delta (Forster), is a member of the scarab beetle family Scarabaeidae, in the subfamily Cetoniinae. This subfamily is commonly known as flower or fruit chafers because their diet consists mostly of decomposing fruits or pollen (Cave and Ratcliffe 2008). …”
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The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Crepidiastrum lanceolatum (Asteraceae) by Hyoung Tae Kim, Jae-Hong Pak, Jung Sung Kim

“…Molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the genus Crepidiastrum was a sister group of the genus Taraxacum in subfamily Cichorioideae.…”
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