The complete mitochondrial genome of the Picasso clownfish: genomic comparisons and phylogenetic inference among Amphiprioninae by Li-bin He, Shui-qing Wu, Hui-yu Luo, Le-yun Zheng

“…Picasso clownfish belong to the subfamily Amphiprioninae and are considered a variant of the genus Amphiprion. …”
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Complete mitochondrial genome of the lemon damsel, Pomacentrus moluccensis (Perciformes, Pomacentridae) by Sang-Eun Nam, Jae-Sung Rhee

“…The overall genomic structure of P. moluccensis mitochondrion was conserved with the gene arrangements of mitogenomes published in subfamily Pomacentrinae, and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the sister relationship among the genus Amblyglyphidodon, Amphiprion, and Chrysiptera. …”
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The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Arundo formosana Hack. (Poaceae) by Li-Ying Feng, Chao Shi, Li-Zhi Gao

“…Arundo formosana Hack. belongs to the Arundionideae subfamily of Poaceae. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the complete chloroplast genome of A. formosana. …”
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Two Important Anticancer Mechanisms of Natural and Synthetic Chalcones by Teodora Constantinescu, Alin Grig Mihis

“…ATP-binding cassette subfamily G and tubulin pharmacological mechanisms decrease the effectiveness of anticancer drugs by modulating drug absorption and by creating tubulin assembly through polymerization. …”
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Malpighian tubule polytene chromosomes of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera, Culicinae) by Jairo Campos, Carlos Fernando S Andrade, Shirlei M Recco-Pimentel

“…The status of species in the Culex pipiens complex is controversial and the use of polytene chromosomes for cytogenetic analysis in the subfamily Culicinae has been difficult because of methodological problems. …”
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Description of three new genera and four new species of Neanastatinae (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) from Baltic amber, with discussion of their relationships to extant taxa by Gary Gibson

“…Furthermore, classification of Neanaperiallus in Neanastatinae results in no putative autapomorphies to support monophyly of the subfamily. Some features of Encyrtidae, Tanaostigmatidae and Neanastatinae suggest that the taxa may have had a common ancestor, therefore rendering Eupelmidae paraphyletic. …”
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New assay to detect low-affinity interactions and characterization of leukocyte receptors for collagen including leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1). by Jiang, L, Barclay, N

“…We confirmed that both human and mouse leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1, and in addition the related inhibitory leukocyte Ig-like receptor subfamily B member 4 (CD85K, Gp49B), bound collagen specifically, whereas other cell surface proteins gave no binding. …”

The ontogeny of the Ordovician trilobite Ovalocephalus and its bearing on the affinity and evolution of the genus by Yuan, W, Zhou, Z, Siveter, D, Zhou, Z

“…The Hammatocnemidae, in which Ovalocephalus has hitherto been placed, is therefore now better regarded as a separate subfamily within the Pliomeridae. Ontogenetic changes include the successive abaxial and forward expansion of the glabella, posterior shift of the palpebral lobe and related shortening of the posterior fixigenal field, abaxial shift of the posterior branch of the facial suture, reduction of the fixigenal spines, widening of the axis and the terminal area, and reduction in the number of pygidial axial rings and ribs. …”

Targeted deletion of the epididymal receptor HE6 results in fluid dysregulation and male infertility. by Davies, B, Baumann, C, Kirchhoff, C, Ivell, R, Nubbemeyer, R, Habenicht, U, Theuring, F, Gottwald, U

“…Human epididymal protein 6 (HE6; also known as GPR64) is an orphan member of the LNB-7TM (B(2)) subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. Family members are characterized by the dual presence of a secretin-like (type II) seven-transmembrane (7TM) domain and a long cell adhesion-like extracellular domain. …”

Role of the jelly-roll fold in substrate binding by 2-oxoglutarate oxygenases. by Aik, W, McDonough, M, Thalhammer, A, Chowdhury, R, Schofield, C

“…2-Oxoglutarate (2OG) and ferrous iron dependent oxygenases catalyze two-electron oxidations of a range of small and large molecule substrates, including proteins/peptides/amino acids, nucleic acids/bases, and lipids, as well as natural products including antibiotics and signaling molecules. 2OG oxygenases employ variations of a core double-stranded β-helix (DSBH; a.k.a. jelly-roll, cupin or jumonji C (JmjC)) fold to enable binding of Fe(II) and 2OG in a subfamily conserved manner. The topology of the DSBH limits regions directly involved in substrate binding: commonly the first, second and eighth strands, loops between the second/third and fourth/fifth DSBH strands, and the N-terminal and C-terminal regions are involved in primary substrate, co-substrate and cofactor binding. …”

Identification of domains that control the heteromeric assembly of Kir5.1/Kir4.0 potassium channels. by Konstas, A, Korbmacher, C, Tucker, S

“…In this study, we have examined the heteromeric assembly of Kir5.1 with other Kir subunits and have shown that this subunit exhibits a highly selective interaction with members of the Kir4.0 subfamily and does not physically associate with other Kir subunits such as Kir1.1, Kir2.1, and Kir6.2. …”

Structural and mechanistic studies on γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase. by Leung, I, Krojer, T, Kochan, G, Henry, L, von Delft, F, Claridge, T, Oppermann, U, McDonough, M, Schofield, C

“…Crystallographic and sequence analyses reveal that BBOX and trimethyllysine hydroxylase form a subfamily of 2OG oxygenases that dimerize using an N-terminal domain. …”

The orphan adhesion-GPCR GPR126 is required for embryonic development in the mouse. by Waller-Evans, H, Promel, S, Langenhan, T, Dixon, J, Zahn, D, Colledge, W, Doran, J, Carlton, M, Davies, B, Aparicio, SA, Grosse, J, Russ, A

“…They are the second largest subfamily of seven-transmembrane spanning proteins in vertebrates, but the function of most of these receptors is still not understood. …”

Gauge theories from toric geometry and brane tilings by Franco, S, Hanany, A, Martelli, D, Sparks, J, Vegh, D, Wecht, B

“…We also examine a number of examples in detail, including the infinite subfamily La,b,a, whose smallest member is the Suspended Pinch Point. © SISSA 2006.…”

Structural and mechanistic studies on γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase. by Leung, I, Krojer, T, Kochan, G, Henry, L, von Delft, F, Claridge, T, Oppermann, U, McDonough, M, Schofield, C

“…Crystallographic and sequence analyses reveal that BBOX and trimethyllysine hydroxylase form a subfamily of 2OG oxygenases that dimerize using an N-terminal domain. …”

Structure–function relationships of human JmjC oxygenases — demethylases versus hydroxylases by Markolovic, S, Leissing, T, Chowdhury, R, Wilkins, S, Lu, X, Schofield, C

“…The Jumonji-C (JmjC) subfamily of 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenases are of biomedical interest because of their roles in the regulation of gene expression and protein biosynthesis. …”

Root hair development involves asymmetric cell division in Brachypodium distachyon and symmetric division in Oryza sativa. by Kim, C, Dolan, L

“…We hypothesize that the mechanism that includes asymmetric cytokinesis during the development of H and N cells evolved among the Pooideae or ancestors of this subfamily.…”

Rhomboid family pseudoproteases use the ER quality control machinery to regulate intercellular signaling. by Zettl, M, Adrain, C, Strisovsky, K, Lastun, V, Freeman, M

“…Intramembrane proteolysis governs many cellular control processes, but little is known about how intramembrane proteases are regulated. iRhoms are a conserved subfamily of proteins related to rhomboid intramembrane serine proteases that lack key catalytic residues. …”

Conformational dynamics underlies different functions of human KDM7 histone demethylases by Chaturvedi, S, Ramanan, R, Waheed, S, Ainsley, J, Evison, M, Ames, J, Schofield, C, Karabencheva-Christova, T, Christov, C

“…The human KDM7 subfamily histone H3 Nϵ‐methyl lysine demethylases PHF8 (KDM7B) and KIAA1718 (KDM7A) have different substrate selectivities and are linked to genetic diseases and cancer. …”

A major gene controls mimicry and crypsis in butterflies and moths by Ferguson, L

“…Here, we use fine-scale mapping with population genomics and gene expression analyses to identify a gene, cortex, that regulates pattern switches in multiple species across the mimetic radiation in Heliconius butterflies. cortex belongs to a fast-evolving subfamily of the otherwise highly conserved fizzy family of cell-cycle regulators3, suggesting that it probably regulates pigmentation patterning by regulating scale cell development. …”