Crystal structures of complexes of N-butyl- and N-nonyl-deoxynojirimycin bound to acid beta-glucosidase: insights into the mechanism of chemical chaperone action in Gaucher disease... by Brumshtein, B, Greenblatt, H, Greenblatt, H, Butters, T, Butters, T, Shaaltiel, Y, Shaaltiel, Y, Aviezer, D, Aviezer, D, Silman, I, Silman, I, Futerman, A, Futerman, A, Sussman, J, Sussman, J

“…Both inhibitors bind at the active site of GlcCerase, with the imino sugar moiety making hydrogen bonds to side chains of active site residues. …”

Volume increase in growth plate chondrocytes during hypertrophy: the contribution of organic osmolytes. by Farnum, C, Lee, R, O'Hara, K, Urban, J

“…Analysis for betaine and the sugar alcohols was done by extraction and derivatization, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). …”

Inositol adenophostin: convergent synthesis of a potent agonist of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors by Su, X, Dohle, W, Mills, S, Potter, B

“…An alternative approach to fully chiral material is now reported using intrinsic sugar chirality to avoid early isomer resolution, involving the coupling of a protected and activated racemic myo-inositol derivative to a D-ribose derivative. …”

Does high-carbohydrate intake lead to increased risk of obesity? A systematic review and meta-analysis by Sartorius, K, Sartorius, B, Madiba, TE, Stefan, C

“…Further studies are needed that specifically classify refined versus unrefined carbohydrate intake, as well as studies that investigate the relationship between high fat, high unrefined carbohydrate-sugar diets. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER:CRD42015023257.…”

The influence of dietary macronutrients on liver fat accumulation and metabolism by Parry, S, Hodson, L

“…Findings from observational studies are conflicting with some reporting that relative to healthy controls, NAFLD patients consume diets higher in total fat/saturated fatty acids (SFA), whilst others find they consume diets higher in carbohydrates/sugars. From the limited number of intervention studies that have been undertaken, a consistent finding is a hypercaloric diet, regardless of whether the excess calories have been provided either as fat, sugar, or both, increases liver fat content. …”

Synthesis of eight stereoisomers of pochonicine: nanomolar inhibition of β-N-acetylhexosaminidases. by Zhu, J, Nakagawa, S, Chen, W, Adachi, I, Jia, Y, Hu, X, Fleet, G, Wilson, F, Nitoda, T, Horne, G, van Well, R, Kato, A, Yu, C

“…Pochonicine, the first naturally occurring polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidine containing an acetamidomethyl group, which was isolated from Pochonia suchlasporia var. suchlasporia TAMA 87, together with its enantiomer and their C-1 and/or C-3 epimers, have been synthesized from the sugar-derived cyclic nitrones 9D and 9L, respectively. …”

Perchlorate stimulates insulin secretion by shifting the gating of L-type Ca2+ currents in mouse pancreatic B-cells towards negative potentials. by Larsson-Nyrén, G, Sehlin, J, Rorsman, P, Renström, E

“…ClO4- stimulated glucose-induced electrical activity and increased the action potential frequency by 70% whilst not affecting the membrane potential when applied in the presence of a subthreshold concentration of the sugar. ClO4- did not influence ATP-dependent K (KATP) channel activity and voltage-gated delayed K+ current. …”

Controlled glycosylation of therapeutic antibodies in plants. by Tekoah, Y, Ko, K, Koprowski, H, Harvey, D, Wormald, M, Dwek, R, Rudd, P

“…Gel release of glycans and detection by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), together with computer assisted analysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALD-TOF) mass spectrometry, revealed that the plant-derived anti-rabies mAb with KDEL contained mainly oligomannose type N-glycans while the plant-derived anti-colorectal cancer mAb carried mainly biantennary glycans with and without a pentose sugar, that is thought to be xylose. This finding indicates that the KDEL sequence can affect the N-glycosylation processing of antibody in plant cells. …”

Structural characterization of maize SIRK1 kinase domain reveals an unusual architecture of the activation segment by Aquino, B, Couñago, R, Verza, N, Ferreira, L, Massirer, K, Gileadi, O, Arruda, P

“…In Arabidopsis thaliana, SIRK1 (AtSIRK1) is phosphorylated after sucrose is resupplied to sucrose-starved seedlings and it modulates the sugar response by phosphorylating several substrates. …”

LEAPT: lectin-directed enzyme-activated prodrug therapy. by Robinson, M, Charlton, S, Garnier, P, Wang, X, Davis, S, Perkins, A, Frier, M, Duncan, R, Savage, T, Wyatt, D, Watson, SA, Davis, B

“…This created enzyme activity (0.2 units in hepatocytes) for prodrug therapy, the target of which was switched simply by sugar-type alteration. The therapeutic effectiveness of lectin-directed enzyme-activated prodrug therapy was shown through the construction of the prodrug of doxorubicin, Rha-DOX, and its application to reduce tumor burden in a hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) disease model.…”

Preferences for nutrients and sensory food qualities identify biological sources of economic values in monkeys by Huang, F-Y, Sutcliffe, MPF, Grabenhorst, F

“…When monkeys chose nutrient-defined liquids, they consistently preferred fat and sugar to low-nutrient alternatives. Rather than maximizing energy indiscriminately, they seemed to assign subjective values to specific nutrients, flexibly trading them against offered reward amounts. …”

From Middle Temple to Manoa: global networks at the early modern Inns of Court by Working, L, Stevenson, E

“…Gentlemen commissioned globes that charted recent voyages, celebrated Francis Drake’s return from his raids on the Spanish West Indies, and collected parts of the Golden Hind, the ship Drake captained when he circumnavigated the globe. Sugar, tobacco, spices, feathers, and pearls were increasingly used to celebrate imperial intervention abroad and to fuel sociability at home.…”

Analysis of CD44-hyaluronan interactions in an artificial membrane system: insights into the distinct binding properties of high and low molecular weight hyaluronan. by Wolny, P, Banerji, S, Gounou, C, Brisson, A, Day, A, Jackson, D, Richter, R

“…Binding of the long and flexible HA chains is thought to be stabilized by the multivalent nature of the sugar molecule. In addition, high and low molecular weight forms of HA provoke distinct proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects upon binding to CD44 and can deliver either proliferative or antiproliferative signals in appropriate cell types. …”

Restricted ketogenic diet enhances the therapeutic action of N-butyldeoxynojirimycin towards brain GM2 accumulation in adult Sandhoff disease mice. by Denny, C, Heinecke, K, Kim, Y, Baek, R, Loh, K, Butters, T, Bronson, RT, Platt, F, Seyfried, T

“…Previous studies showed that caloric restriction, which augments longevity, and N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ, Miglustat), an imino sugar that hinders the glucosyltransferase catalyzing the first step in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, both increase longevity and improve motor behavior in the beta-hexosaminidase (Hexb) knockout (-/-) murine model of Sandhoff disease. …”

The T allele of a single-nucleotide polymorphism 13.9 kb upstream of the lactase gene (LCT) (C-13.9kbT) does not predict or cause the lactase-persistence phenotype in Africans. by Mulcare, C, Weale, M, Jones, A, Connell, B, Zeitlyn, D, Tarekegn, A, Swallow, D, Bradman, N, Thomas, MG

“…The ability to digest the milk sugar lactose as an adult (lactase persistence) is a variable genetic trait in human populations. …”

A Drosophila computational brain model reveals sensorimotor processing by Shiu, PK, Sterne, GR, Spiller, N, Franconville, R, Sandoval, A, Zhou, J, Simha, N, Kang, CH, Yu, S, Kim, JS, Dorkenwald, S, Matsliah, A, Schlegel, P, Yu, S, McKellar, CE, Sterling, A, Costa, M, Eichler, K, Bates, AS, Eckstein, N, Funke, J, Jefferis, GSXE, Murthy, M, Bidaye, SS

“…We show that activation of sugar-sensing or water-sensing gustatory neurons in the computational model accurately predicts neurons that respond to tastes and are required for feeding initiation4. …”

Hydroxymethyl-Branched Piperidines from Hydroxymethyl-Branched Lactones: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,5-Dideoxy-2-C-hydroxymethyl-1,5-imino-D-mannitol, 1,5-Dideoxy-2-C-... by Soengas, R, Simone, M, Hunter, S, Nash, R, Evinson, E, Fleet, G

“…The starting materials are branched sugar lactone intermediates, which in turn were afforded by a modified Kiliani procedure from L-sorbose and D-fructose. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. …”

Transcriptomic analysis of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae in symbiosis with host plants Pisum sativum and Vicia cracca. by Karunakaran, R, Ramachandran, V, Seaman, J, East, A, Mouhsine, B, Mauchline, T, Prell, J, Skeffington, A, Poole, P

“…Bacteroid metabolism is essentially that of dicarboxylate-grown cells (i.e., induction of dicarboxylate transport, gluconeogenesis and alanine synthesis, and repression of sugar utilization). The decarboxylating arm of the tricarboxylic acid cycle is highly induced, as is gamma-aminobutyrate metabolism, particularly in bacteroids from early (7-day) nodules. …”

Characterization of glycolytic initial metabolites and enzyme activities in developing sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds. by Troncoso-Ponce, M, Kruger, N, Ratcliffe, G, Garcés, R, Martínez-Force, E

“…By contrast, the glucose and fructose content falls from day 20 after flowering and it is always lower than that of sucrose, with glucose being the minor sugar at the end of the seed formation. By studying the apparent kinetic parameters and the activity of glycolytic enzymes in vitro, it is evident that all the components of the glycolytic pathway are present in the crude seed extract. …”

Genetic characterization of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 rsp gene expression in the phytosphere and in vitro. by Jackson, R, Preston, G, Rainey, P

“…Mutations in rsp regulators resulted in a significant reduction in competitive colonization of the root tips of sugar beet seedlings but also caused a marked increase in the lag phase of laboratory-grown cultures, indicating that rsp regulatory genes play a more significant general role in the function of P. fluorescens SBW25 than previously appreciated.…”