Deep learning-based analysis of COVID-19 X-ray images: Incorporating clinical significance and assessing misinterpretation by Md. Rahad Islam Bhuiyan, Sami Azam, Sidratul Montaha, Risul Islam Jim, Asif Karim, Inam Ullah Khan, Mark Brady, Md. Zahid Hasan, Friso De Boer, Md. Saddam Hossain Mukta

“…Image preprocessing is carried out by adjusting optimal parameters to preprocess the images before undertaking training of the classification models. Moreover, the proposed model is optimized by experimenting with different architectural structures and hyperparameters to further boost performance. …”
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Improving Access to Surgery Through Surgical Team Mentoring – Policy Lessons From Group Model Building With Local Stakeholders in Malawi by Henk Broekhuizen, Martilord Ifeanyichi, Gerald Mwapasa, Chiara Pittalis, Patrick Noah, Nyengo Mkandawire, Eric Borgstein, Ruairí Brugha, Jakub Gajewski, Leon Bijlmakers

“…Background  There is much scope to empower district hospital (DH) surgical teams in low- and middle- income countries to undertake a wider range and a larger number of surgical procedures so as to make surgery more accessible to rural populations and decrease the number of unnecessary referrals to central hospitals (CHs). …”
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Natural Killer Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications by Clara Di Vito, Francesca Calcaterra, Francesca Calcaterra, Nicolò Coianiz, Sara Terzoli, Sara Terzoli, Antonio Voza, Antonio Voza, Joanna Mikulak, Silvia Della Bella, Silvia Della Bella, Domenico Mavilio, Domenico Mavilio

“…Furthermore, NK cells are endowed with immune-modulatory functions innate and adaptive immune responses via the secretion of chemokines/cytokines and by undertaking synergic crosstalks with other innate immune cells, including monocyte/macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils. …”
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The contribution of Paris to limit global warming to 2 °C by Gokul C Iyer, James A Edmonds, Allen A Fawcett, Nathan E Hultman, Jameel Alsalam, Ghassem R Asrar, Katherine V Calvin, Leon E Clarke, Jared Creason, Minji Jeong, Page Kyle, James McFarland, Anupriya Mundra, Pralit Patel, Wenjing Shi, Haewon C McJeon

“…The INDCs imply near-term actions that reduce the level of mitigation needed in the post-2030 period, particularly when compared with an alternative path in which nations are unable to undertake emissions mitigation until after 2030. We find that the latter case could require up to 2300 GW of premature retirements of fossil fuel power plants and up to 2900 GW of additional low-carbon power capacity installations within a five-year period of 2031–2035. …”
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Medical Students’ Perception Regarding Health Policy Teaching and Their Participation in Health Policy Roles: A Survey at a Public University in Malaysia by Mainul Haque, Nor Azlina A Rahman, Sayeeda Rahman, Md. Anwarul Azim Majumder, Sharifah Shasha Binti Syed Mohdhar, Halyna Lugova, Adnan Abdullah, Shahidah Leong Binti Abdullah, Mohd Hafizi Bin Ismail, Jaykaran Charan, Santosh Kumar, Mohammed Irfan, Ibrahim Haruna Sani, Abdullahi Rabiu Abubakar, Kona Chowdhury, Farhana Akter, Dilshad Jahan, Rahnuma Ahmad

“…Medical schools should prepare students to undertake managerial responsibilities by incorporating health policy into the curriculum to deal with the intricacies of healthcare systems and their clinical roles in their future professional careers. …”
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Identification of IGF-1 Effects on White Adipose Tissue and Hippocampus in Alzheimer’s Disease Mice via Transcriptomic and Cellular Analysis by Young-Kook Kim, Danbi Jo, Archana Arjunan, Yeongseo Ryu, Yeong-Hwan Lim, Seo Yoon Choi, Hee Kyung Kim, Juhyun Song

“…Upon administering IGF-1 injections to the APP/PS2 mice, we observed notable alterations in their behavioral patterns, prompting us to undertake a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of both the hippocampal and adipose tissues. …”
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Clinical, epidemiological, and drug resistance insights into HIV-positive patients in Meizhou, China by Xianhui Liu, Xianhui Liu, Sandip Patil, Sandip Patil, Xuemin Guo, Xuemin Guo, Feiqiu Wen, Xianyan Zhang, Xianyan Zhang, Zhixiong Zhong, Zhixiong Zhong, Xinlu Wang, Xinlu Wang

“…The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, resulting from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, exhibits distinct regional characteristics. This study undertakes a retrospective analysis of the epidemiological and clinical features of 195 HIV-positive cases in Meizhou, China, from May 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019. …”
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Successful transplantation of cryopreserved spermatogonia in Sebastes schlegelii: A simple and suitable alternative approach for conservation of viviparous fish by Li Zhou, Xueying Wang, Shuran Du, Shihong Xu, Yanfeng Wang, Zongcheng Song, Qinghua Liu, Jun Li

“…However, in viviparous fish that undertake fertilization and embryo development in vivo, transplantation is more difficult than in oviparous fish, including selection of transplantation stage, isolation of germ stem cells, and preparation of sterile recipients. …”
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Exploring the barriers to, and importance of, participant diversity in early-phase clinical trials: an interview-based qualitative study of professionals and patient and public rep... by Cindy Cooper, Katie Biggs, Alexander Rothman, Christina Yap, Fiona Thistlethwaite, Della Ogunleye, Munyaradzi Dimairo, Robin Chatters, Shamila Ditta, Jonathan Woodward

“…Referrals may be hindered by the extra resources required to approach and recruit underserved groups and participants often having to undertake ‘self-driven’ referrals. Patient and public representatives stated that diversity is important in research staff and that potential participants should be informed of the need for diversity. …”
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Pilot randomised controlled trial of a remotely delivered online intervention for adolescent mental health problems in India: lessons learned about low acceptability and feasibilit... by Pattie P. Gonsalves, Bhargav Bhat, Rhea Sharma, Abhijeet Jambhale, Bindiya Chodankar, Mamta Verma, Eleanor Hodgson, Helen A. Weiss, Baptiste Leurent, Kate Cavanagh, Christopher G. Fairburn, Pim Cuijpers, Daniel Michelson, Vikram Patel

“…Aims To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of undertaking a randomised controlled trial of POD Adventures when delivered online with telephone support from counsellors. …”
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Evaluation of the Reproductive Performance of Females of <i>Anguilla anguilla</i> Characterized by Different Levels of Silvering by Oliviero Mordenti, Laura Gentile, Pietro Emmanuele, Bálint Lóránt Hausz, Riccardo Brusa, Antonio Casalini

“…The research showed that eels at the beginning of metamorphosis (SI III), i.e., eels not yet ready to undertake migration, achieve reproductive performance equal to that of eels ready for migration (SI IV). …”
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Loss of Sour Taste Is the Striking Feature among Four Basic Taste Qualities in Tunisian COVID-19 Patients by Inchirah Karmous, Amira Sayed Khan, Imen Sahnoun, Rym Ben Othman, Houda Ben Jemaa, Faten Mahjoub, Amel Gamoudi, Leila Douik El Gharbi, Tahar Mestiri, Naim Akhtar Khan, Henda Jamoussi

“…The aim of our study was to undertake an objective assessment of four basic taste qualities by conducting tasting sessions that allowed detection thresholds in COVID-19 Tunisian patients and to study their associations with inflammation. …”
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Prioritising Informed Health Choices Key Concepts for those impacted by cancer: a protocol [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] by Robert O’Connor, Andrew D. Oxman, Marie Tierney, Claire Beecher, Derek C. Stewart, Mengqi Li, Caitriona Duggan, Austin G. Duffy, Maura Dowling, Avril Kennan, David Robert Grimes, Allen Nsangi, Declan Devane, Sarah McLoughlin, Elaine Toomey

“…In the second round, the remaining 16 PPI members will undertake the prioritisation based on the prioritised Key Concepts from the first round. …”
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Chronic stress accelerates glioblastoma progression via DRD2/ERK/β-catenin axis and Dopamine/ERK/TH positive feedback loop by Yan Wang, Xiang Wang, Kai Wang, Ji Qi, Yu Zhang, Xu Wang, Long Zhang, Yi Zhou, Linbo Gu, Rutong Yu, Xiuping Zhou

“…Abstract Background After diagnosis, glioblastoma (GBM) patients undertake tremendous psychological problems such as anxiety and depression, which may contribute to GBM progression. …”
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Using Historical Archives and Landsat Imagery to Explore Changes in the Mangrove Cover of Peninsular Malaysia between 1853 and 2018 by Lavaniadevi Gopalakrishnan, Behara Satyanarayana, Danyang Chen, Giovanna Wolswijk, A. Aldrie Amir, Michiel B. Vandegehuchte, Aidy B. Muslim, Nico Koedam, Farid Dahdouh-Guebas

“…Historical records can be invaluable information sources for baseline establishment, to undertake long-term study on mangrove dynamics and enhance the historical land cover and land-use dynamics of a country. …”
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<i>Leishmania infantum</i> (JPCM5) Transcriptome, Gene Models and Resources for an Active Curation of Gene Annotations by Esther Camacho, Sandra González-de la Fuente, Jose Carlos Solana, Laura Tabera, Fernando Carrasco-Ramiro, Begoña Aguado, Jose M. Requena

“…In addition, we are providing the <i>L. infantum</i> gene models, including both UTRs and CDS regions, that would be helpful for undertaking whole-genome expression studies. Moreover, we have built the foundations of a communal database for the active curation of both gene/transcript models and functional annotations for genes and proteins.…”
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Accelerating ocean species discovery and laying the foundations for the future of marine biodiversity research and monitoring by Alex David Rogers, Alex David Rogers, Hannah Appiah-Madson, Jeff A. Ardron, Jeff A. Ardron, Nicholas J. Bax, Punyasloke Bhadury, Angelika Brandt, Pier-Luigi Buttigieg, Pier-Luigi Buttigieg, Olivier De Clerck, Claudia Delgado, Daniel L. Distel, Adrian Glover, Judith Gobin, Maila Guilhon, Shannon Hampton, Harriet Harden-Davies, Paul Hebert, Lisa Hynes, Miranda Lowe, Sandy MacIntyre, Hawis Madduppa, Ana Carolina de Azevedo Mazzuco, Anna McCallum, Chris McOwen, Tim Wilhelm Nattkemper, Mika Odido, Tim O’Hara, Karen Osborn, Karen Osborn, Angelique Pouponneau, Pieter Provoost, Muriel Rabone, Eva Ramirez-Llodra, Eva Ramirez-Llodra, Lucy Scott, Kerry Jennifer Sink, Daniela Turk, Hiromi Kayama Watanabe, Lauren V. Weatherdon, Thomas Wernberg, Suzanne Williams, Lucy Woodall, Lucy Woodall, Lucy Woodall, Dawn J. Wright, Daniela Zeppilli, Oliver Steeds

“…We describe a strategy to accelerate the rate of ocean species discovery by: 1) employing consistent standards for digitisation of species data to broaden access to biodiversity knowledge and enabling cybertaxonomy; 2) establishing new working practices and adopting advanced technologies to accelerate taxonomy; 3) building the capacity of stakeholders to undertake taxonomic and biodiversity research and capacity development, especially targeted at low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) so they can better assess and manage life in their waters and contribute to global biodiversity knowledge; and 4) increasing observational coverage on dedicated expeditions. …”
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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac implantable electronic device implantation in China: Insights from 2 years of changing pandemic conditions by Chen-di Cheng, Shuang Zhao, Jiang Jiang, Na Lin, Na Lin, Ping Li, Ping Li, Xiao-hui Ning, Xiao-hui Ning, Shu Zhang, Shu Zhang

“…Improving the ability of secondary medical centers to undertake more operations may be a critical way to relieve the strain on healthcare resources during the epidemic.…”
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Recipe for a Healthy Gut: Intake of Unpasteurised Milk Is Associated with Increased <i>Lactobacillus</i> Abundance in the Human Gut Microbiome by Mary I. Butler, Thomaz F. S. Bastiaanssen, Caitriona Long-Smith, Kirsten Berding, Sabrina Morkl, Anne-Marie Cusack, Conall Strain, Kizkitza Busca, Penny Porteous-Allen, Marcus J. Claesson, Catherine Stanton, John F. Cryan, Darina Allen, Timothy G. Dinan

“…In this observational study, we investigated the effect of a dietary change involving intake of unpasteurised dairy on gut microbiome composition and psychological status in participants undertaking a residential 12-week cookery course on an organic farm. …”
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Potential biocontrol efficiency of Trichoderma species against oomycete pathogens by Yinglong Liu, Pengbo He, Pengfei He, Shahzad Munir, Ayesha Ahmed, Yixin Wu, Yuling Yang, Junping Lu, Jiansong Wang, Jizhou Yang, Xinlong Pan, Yangyang Tian, Yueqiu He

“…Biocontrol offers an effective solution for disease control; however, research on biocontrol of oomycete-related diseases is scarce. Thus, this study undertakes the screening of biocontrol resources for the effective management of oomycete-related plant diseases. …”
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