DNA barcoding and species boundary delimitation of selected species of Chinese Acridoidea (Orthoptera: Caelifera). by Jianhua Huang, Aibing Zhang, Shaoli Mao, Yuan Huang

“…The results demonstrated that the COI barcode region performed better in phylogenetic reconstruction at genus and species levels than at higher-levels, but showed a little improvement in resolving the higher-level relationships when the third base data or both first and third base data were excluded. …”
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Synonymous Codon Usage Bias in the Chloroplast Genomes of 13 Oil-Tea Camellia Samples from South China by Jing Chen, Wuqiang Ma, Xinwen Hu, Kaibing Zhou

“…Twenty-eight highly expressed codons were screened and 11, 9, 7 and 1 codons had U, A, C and G as the third base, respectively. Twenty optimal codons were screened by comparing high-frequency codons and 11, 8, 0 and 1 codons had U, A, C and G as the third base, respectively. …”
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Fibonacci-like Sequences Reveal the Genetic Code Symmetries, Also When the Amino Acids Are in a Physiological Environment by Tidjani Négadi

“…These include Rumer’s symmetry, the third-base symmetry and the “ideal” symmetry, along with the “supersymmetry” classification schemes. …”
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Complete mitochondrial DNA of the marine water flea Diaphanosoma celebensis (Cladocera, Sididae) by Beom-Soon Choi, Young Hwan Lee, Hee-Jin Kim, Atsushi Hagiwara, Jae-Seong Lee

“…Furthermore, the stop codons of the remaining ten PGCs were TAA (for CO1, ATP8, ATP6, ND5, ND6, and ND1) and TAG (for NL4L, Cytb, and ND2). The second and third base composition of codon on 9 PCGs on the L strand in D. celebensis mitogenome showed an anti-G bias (11.0% and 15.0%), respectively.…”
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Influence of Base Tangent Length Deviation on Nonlinear Dynamics Characteristic of Helical Gear System by Yuxi Ma, Siyu Chen, Jinyuan Tang, Weitao Chen

“…The analysis found that the gear pair system is the best dynamic characteristic in the third base tangent length deviation group. A dynamics evaluation method for the design of base tangent length deviation is provided by the research result， it has reference value for high-performance gear design research.…”
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Senecavirus A Enhances Its Adaptive Evolution via Synonymous Codon Bias Evolution by Simiao Zhao, Huiqi Cui, Zhenru Hu, Li Du, Xuhua Ran, Xiaobo Wen

“…Furthermore, we analyzed the codon bias of the SVA genome of selected strains and found that SVA could increase the GC content of the third base of some amino acid synonymous codons to enhance the viral RNA adaptive evolution. …”
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Asp-376-Glu substitution endows target-site resistance to AHAS inhibitors in Limnocharis flava, an invasive weed in tropical rice fields by Zakaria, Norazua, Ruzmi, Rabiatuladawiyah, Moosa, Salmah, Asib, Norhayu, Zulperi, Dzarifah, Ismail, Siti Izera, Ahmad Hamdani, Muhammad Saiful

“…In this study, it was revealed that, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at amino acid position 376, where C was substituted to G at the third base of the same codon (GAC to GAG), resulting in Aspartate (Asp) substitution by Glutamate (Glu) was the contributing resistance mechanism in the L. flava population to AHAS inhibitors. …”

Exceptional error minimization in putative primordial genetic codes by Koonin Eugene V, Novozhilov Artem S

“…</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We investigated the error-minimization properties of putative primordial codes that consisted of 16 supercodons, with the third base being completely redundant, using a previously derived cost function and the error minimization percentage as the measure of a code's robustness to mistranslation. …”
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Review The Impact of E-learning Program on Dictation Skills of Primary School Students Based on Design Principles by F. Zarabian, H. Rastegarpour, B. Zandi, M.R. Sarmadi, M. Farajollahi

“…Statistical society included 62 female students of shahid mahdavi third base elementary school of region one of Tehran city education. …”
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Complete Nucleotide Sequence of Numida meleagris (Helmeted Guineafowl) Mitochondrial Genome by Masahide Nishibori, Takeshi Hayashi, Hiroshi Yasue

“…The ML analyses of the first/second bases of codons, the third base of codons, and the amino-acid sequence consistently demonstrated that N. meleagris did not form clades with other species in the order but stayed in a remote position in the tree.…”
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Analysis on Codon Usage Bias of Chloroplast Genome in Ampelopsis grossedentata by Qing LI, Yongjian LUO, Rong GE, Jun LIU

“…The total average GC content and average GC content of the third base of the codon are 37.98% and 29.45%, respectively. …”
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The Mitochondrial tRNA^Ser(UCN) Gene: A Novel m.7484A>G Mutation Associated with Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy and Literature Review by Eugenia Borgione, Mariangela Lo Giudice, Sandro Santa Paola, Marika Giuliano, Francesco Domenico Di Blasi, Vincenzo Di Stefano, Antonino Lupica, Filippo Brighina, Rosa Pettinato, Corrado Romano, Carmela Scuderi

“…We describe a novel homoplasmic m.7484A>G mutation in the tRNA^Ser(UCN) gene affecting the third base of the anticodon triplet in a girl with profound intellectual disability, spastic tetraplegia, sensorineural hearing loss, a clinical history of epilepsia partialis continua and vomiting, typical of MELAS syndrome, leading to a myoclonic epilepticus status, and myopathy with severe COX deficiency at muscle biopsy. …”
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Anti-malarial resistance in Mozambique: Absence of Plasmodium falciparum Kelch 13 (K13) propeller domain polymorphisms associated with resistance to artemisinins by Clemente da Silva, Daniela Matias, Brigite Dias, Beatriz Cancio, Miguel Silva, Ruben Viegas, Nordino Chivale, Sonia Luis, Crizolgo Salvador, Denise Duarte, Paulo Arnaldo, Sonia Enosse, Fatima Nogueira

“…Most (56.3%) of the reported non-synonymous mutations were due to substitution at the first base of the codon, 25% at the second base and 18.8% at the third base. Additionally, 50% of non-synonymous mutations showed a SIFTscore bellow cut off value of 0.05, therefore, they were predicted to be deleterious. …”
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Evolutionary and phylogenetic analyses of 11 Cerasus species based on the complete chloroplast genome by Tian Wan, Bai-xue Qiao, Jing Zhou, Ke-sen Shao, Liu-yi Pan, Feng An, Xu-sheng He, Tao Liu, Ping-ke Li, Yu-liang Cai

“…During cp plastome evolution, the codon profile has been strongly biased toward the use of A/T at the third base, and leucine and isoleucine codons appear the most frequently. …”
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Evolution of the genetic code: partial optimization of a random code for robustness to translation error in a rugged fitness landscape by Koonin Eugene V, Wolf Yuri I, Novozhilov Artem S

“…This choice of a small part of the vast space of possible codes is based on the notion that the block structure of the standard code is a consequence of the structure of the complex between the cognate tRNA and the codon in mRNA where the third base of the codon plays a minimum role as a specificity determinant. …”
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Ergodic stationary distribution of stochastic virus mutation model with time delay by Juan Ma, Shaojuan Ma, Xinyu Bai, Jinhua Ran

“…Second, the existence and uniqueness of global positive solutions for the proposed model is proved. Third, based on the analysis of the ergodic stationary distribution for the model, we discuss the influence mechanism between the different factors. …”
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Detectability of Delayed Boolean Control Networks Based on Full-Order Observer by Wenrong Li, Wenhui Dou, Xiangshan Kong, Haitao Li

“…Secondly, a full-order observer of DBCNs is constructed to judge the detectabilities of DBCNs by using BSTP. Thirdly, based on the observer, some necessary and sufficient conditions of weak detectability, strong detectability, and detectability for DBCNs are presented. …”
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Secure Load Frequency Control of Smart Grids under Deception Attack: A Piecewise Delay Approach by Fei Zhao, Jinsha Yuan, Ning Wang, Zhang Zhang, Helong Wen

“…Second, with the Lyapunov functional method, a piecewise delay analysis is conducted to study the stability of the established model, which is of less conservativeness. Third, based on the stability analysis, a controller design method is provided in terms of linear matrix inequalities. …”
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A novel $ H_{\infty} $ state observer design method for genetic regulatory networks with time-varying delays by Xue Zhang, Yu Xue

“…Then, a bounded real lemma is established to provide the existence of the state observer and ensure that the error system is globally exponentially stable at an $ H_{\infty} $ performance level. Third, based on the obtained bounded real lemma, the explicit expressions of the $ H_{\infty} $ state observer can be obtained by solving several matrix inequalities. …”
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MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING FOR MEASURING EFFICIENCY IN EDUCATIONAL SECTOR by ILEANA CASTILLO ARIAS, GABRIELA MARÍN RAVENTÓS

“…The results are reported for three groupings: one based on the training process, another based on size (according to three inputs) and the third based on the knowledge area. Three inputs and three outputs are used. …”
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