Fermions, scalars and Randall-Sundrum gravity on domain-wall branes by Davies, R, George, D

“…Finally we present numerical calculations for a toy model which demonstrates the decoupling of continuum modes at low energies, so the theory becomes four dimensional.…”

Discreteness effects in cosmological N-body simulations by Binney, J

“…The predicted convergence radii are approximately a factor 2 larger than those estimated for numerical convergence studies. A toy model is used to study the formation of sheets of the cosmic web, from which DM haloes form later. …”

A framework for phase and interference in generalized probabilistic theories by Garner, A, Dahlsten, O, Nakata, Y, Murao, M, Vedral, V

“…We apply our definition to investigate phase and interference in several example theories: classical probability theory, a version of Spekkens' toy model, quantum theory and box-world. We find that phase is ubiquitous; any non-classical theory can be said to have non-trivial phase dynamics. © IOP Publishing and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.…”

The experience of living to an extreme age: a meta-ethnography by Toye, F, Jenkins, C, Barker, KL

Iterative SE(3)-transformers by Fuchs, FB, Wagstaff, E, Dauparas, J, Posner, I

“…We address the additional complications which arise when applying the SE(3)-Transformer in an iterative fashion, compare the iterative and single-pass versions on a toy problem, and consider why an iterative model may be beneficial in some problem settings. …”

ℤ₂ × ℤ₂ Equivariant Quantum Neural Networks: Benchmarking against Classical Neural Networks by Zhongtian Dong, Marçal Comajoan Cara, Gopal Ramesh Dahale, Roy T. Forestano, Sergei Gleyzer, Daniel Justice, Kyoungchul Kong, Tom Magorsch, Konstantin T. Matchev, Katia Matcheva, Eyup B. Unlu

“…We evaluate the performance of each network with three two-dimensional toy examples for a binary classification task, focusing on model complexity (measured by the number of parameters) and the size of the training dataset. …”
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Dual formulation of causal gain-scheduled output feedback controller design using parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions by M. Sato

“…It is also shown, in discrete-time case, that the intractability disappears and a design method similar to an existing method is successfully derived if the causality with respect to scheduling parameters is abandoned, namely, if one-step ahead scheduling parameters are available. A toy example is introduced to confirm that, in continuous-time case, the derived dual formulation gives the same performance as the previously proposed method for the dual state-space representation of the example.…”
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Holographic tensor networks with bulk gauge symmetries by Xi Dong, Sean McBride, Wayne W. Weng

“…Abstract Tensor networks are useful toy models for understanding the structure of entanglement in holographic states and reconstruction of bulk operators within the entanglement wedge. …”
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Fathers' Views and Understandings on Promoting Creativity in Children Aged 24-36 Months: A Qualitative Study by Evrim Durgut Şakrucu, Samet Ata, Şule Kışla

“…The study results indicate that most fathers define creativity as associated with intelligence and believe that the education system does not support creativity. 71% of fathers reported being engaged in creative game plays with their children (e.g., puzzles, toy blocks, and unstructured games), but their concept of creative play is not very elaborate. …”
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Collective force generated by multiple biofilaments can exceed the sum of forces due to individual ones by Dipjyoti Das, Dibyendu Das, Ranjith Padinhateeri

“…Employing an exactly solvable toy model, we analytically prove the above result for N = 2. …”
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Electron spin relaxation can enhance the performance of a cryptochrome-based magnetic compass sensor by Daniel R Kattnig, Jakub K Sowa, Ilia A Solov'yov, P J Hore

“…Supported by calculations using toy radical pair models, we argue that these enhancements could be consistent with the molecular dynamics and magnetic interactions in avian cryptochromes.…”
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A framework for phase and interference in generalized probabilistic theories by Andrew J P Garner, Oscar C O Dahlsten, Yoshifumi Nakata, Mio Murao, Vlatko Vedral

“…We apply our definition to investigate phase and interference in several example theories: classical probability theory, a version of Spekkens' toy model, quantum theory and box-world. We find that phase is ubiquitous; any non-classical theory can be said to have non-trivial phase dynamics.…”
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Exploring the adaptive voter model dynamics with a mathematical triple jump by Holly Silk, Güven Demirel, Martin Homer, Thilo Gross

“…Progress in theoretical physics is often made by the investigation of toy models, the model organisms of physics, which provide benchmarks for new methodologies. …”
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Edge Magnetism in MoS₂ Nanoribbons: Insights from a Simple One-Dimensional Model by Pauline Castenetto, Philippe Lambin, Péter Vancsó

“…By exploiting this resemblance, a toy model has been designed to study the energetics of different spin configurations of the nanoribbon edge.…”
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Replica wormholes and holographic entanglement negativity by Xi Dong, Sean McBride, Wayne W. Weng

“…Here we study entanglement negativity, an important measure of quantum entanglement in mixed states, in a couple of toy models of evaporating black holes. We find four phases dominated by different types of geometries: the disconnected, cyclically connected, anti-cyclically connected, and pairwise connected geometries. …”
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Culture-Based Rejection of Taboo-Infringing Imports by Brice William D., Chu Edward, Brice Anastasiya

“…Although accepted in its original European market, the United States media reports strong moral objections to this product among U. S. citizens. The toy was overwhelmingly rejected in some, but not all, population sub-groups. …”
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Scikit-Dimension: A Python Package for Intrinsic Dimension Estimation by Jonathan Bac, Evgeny M. Mirkes, Alexander N. Gorban, Ivan Tyukin, Andrei Zinovyev

“…The scikit-dimension package provides a uniform implementation of most of the known ID estimators based on the scikit-learn application programming interface to evaluate the global and local intrinsic dimension, as well as generators of synthetic toy and benchmark datasets widespread in the literature. …”
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Semantic Content of Turkish Children’s Private Speech by Emel UÇAR, Hatice SOFU

“…Data were obtained from 28 children between the ages of 3;1 and 5;7 in three age groups while they were playing with a wooden toy house and its figures. The content categories of Winsler et al. (2003) were used in this study with a slight alteration in one of the categories due to the nature of the data. …”
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Modeling and Reconstruction Strategy for Compton Scattering Tomography with Scintillation Crystals by Lorenz Kuger, Gael Rigaud

“…Our results are illustrated for toy objects.…”
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Inferring metabolic phenotypes from the exometabolome through a thermodynamic variational principle by Daniele De Martino, Fabrizio Capuani, Andrea De Martino

“…Results obtained for an exactly solvable toy model are fully recovered for a large scale reconstruction of human catabolism. …”
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