The Development of Functional Overreaching Is Associated with a Faster Heart Rate Recovery in Endurance Athletes. by Anaël Aubry, Christophe Hausswirth, Julien Louis, Aaron J Coutts, Martin Buchheit, Yann Le Meur

“…The aim of the study was to investigate whether heart rate recovery (HRR) may represent an effective marker of functional overreaching (f-OR) in endurance athletes.Thirty-one experienced male triathletes were tested (10 control and 21 overload subjects) before (Pre), and immediately after an overload training period (Mid) and after a 2-week taper (Post). …”
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Changes in the blood redox balance during a simulated duathlon race and its relationship with athletic performance by Takamasa Tsuzuki, Kei Tsukioka, Hisashi Naito

“…The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in the blood redox balance during a simulated duathlon race and to determine the relationship between performance and the redox balance. Eight male triathletes participated in a simulated race, consisting of a 5‐km run, 30 km cycling, and a further 5‐km run, with 5 min rest between two parts to collect the blood samples. …”
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Applying personal genetic data to injury risk assessment in athletes. by Gabrielle T Goodlin, Andrew K Roos, Thomas R Roos, Claire Hawkins, Sydney Beache, Stephen Baur, Stuart K Kim

“…We conducted a pilot program on fourteen triathletes using this expanded knowledge base of genetic variants associated with sports injury. …”
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Outbreak of leptospirosis among triathlon participants in Germany, 2006 by Hartelt Katrin, Zimmermann Stefan, Oehme Rainer, Winter Christian, Bock-Hensley Oswinde, Piechotowski Isolde, Brockmann Stefan, Luge Enno, Nöckler Karsten, Schneider Thomas, Stark Klaus, Jansen Andreas

“…</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 142 of 507 triathletes were contacted; among these, five confirmed leptospirosis cases were found. …”
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Hormonal Neuroendocrine and Vasoconstrictor Peptide Responses of Ball Game and Cyclic Sport Elite Athletes by Treadmill Test. by Anna Protzner, Márta Szmodis, Anna Udvardy, Edit Bosnyák, Emese Trájer, Zsolt Komka, István Györe, Miklós Tóth

“…<h4>Results</h4>We obtained significant increases for adrenaline, 2.9- and 3.9-fold by comparing the normalized means for soccer players and kayakers and soccer players and triathletes after/before test, respectively. For noradrenaline, we observed an even stronger, three-time significant difference between each type of ball game and cyclic sport activity.…”
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Molecular Profiling of Athletes Performing High-Intensity Exercises in Extreme Environments by Kristina A. Malsagova, Arthur T. Kopylov, Alexander A. Stepanov, Dmitry V. Enikeev, Natalia V. Potoldykova, Evgenii I. Balakin, Vasiliy I. Pustovoyt, Anna L. Kaysheva

“…The aim of this study was to determine the influence of high-intensity training under extreme conditions (T = 40 °C) on the metabolism and immunological reactions of athletes. Male triathletes (<i>n</i> = 11) with a high level of sports training performed load testing to failure (17 ± 2.7 min) and maximum oxygen consumption (64.1 ± 6.4 mL/min/kg). …”
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Can lifelong endurance exercise improve ageing through beneficial effects on circadian timing function, muscular performance and health status in men? Protocol for a comparative cr... by Genc Berisha, Milan Sedliak, Michal Zeman, Dušan Hamar, Ján Cvečka, Veronika Tirpáková, Matej Vajda, Ľudmila Oreská, Alena Černáčková, Martin Čupka, Nejc Šarabon, Feliciano Protasi, Sandra Zampieri, Helmut Kern, Stefan Lofler, Antonio Musaro, Katarína Stebelová, Monika Okuliarová

“…The study protocol has a comparative cross-sectional design, including groups of senior (65 to 75 years old, n=16) and young (20-30 years old, n=16) endurance runners and triathletes. Age-matched groups of young and elderly sedentary men are included as controls. …”
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Kinetic, Physiological and Fatigue Level Differences Depending on the Menstrual Cycle Phase and Running Intensity by Carolina Domínguez-Muñoz, Juan del Campo, Alberto García, José Guzmán, Rafael Martínez-Gallego, Jesús Ramón-Llin

“…Methods: Eight regularly practicing women runners and triathletes performed a maximal treadmill test and a submaximal test (6′ stages at 50%, 60%, and 80% of maximal aerobic speed) in each of the phases of the menstrual cycle: bleeding phase (day 2.4 ± 0.7), follicular phase (day 10.4 ± 2.2), and luteal phase (day 21.8 ± 2.1). …”
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Recovery from Different High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols: Comparing Well-Trained Women and Men by Laura Hottenrott, Martin Möhle, Alexander Ide, Sascha Ketelhut, Oliver Stoll, Kuno Hottenrott

“…Methods: Well-trained cyclists and triathletes (n = 11 females, n = 11 males) participated in this study. …”
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Bayesian Estimation of Small Effects in Exercise and Sports Science. by Kerrie L Mengersen, Christopher C Drovandi, Christian P Robert, David B Pyne, Christopher J Gore

“…The model is described in the context of a published small-scale athlete study which employed a magnitude-based inference approach to compare the effect of two altitude training regimens (live high-train low (LHTL), and intermittent hypoxic exposure (IHE)) on running performance and blood measurements of elite triathletes. The posterior distributions, and corresponding point and interval estimates, for the parameters and associated effects and comparisons of interest, were estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations. …”
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Mode and food habits of athletes of Kazakhstan by Y. Yerzhanova, Z. Sabyrbek, E. Dilmachambetov, G. Madijeva, K. Milašius

“…Material: In the evaluation of actual nutrition in 2017, 60 participants took part, including 15 volleyball players of the Burevestnik team, 15 judo wrestlers of the national team of Kazakhstan, 15 wrestlers of the club team and 15 triathletes of the national team of Kazakhstan. To study data on the regime and eating habits, a valid questionnaire was used, directly interviewing each researcher. …”
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Exercise-induced blood lactate increase does not change red blood cell deformability in cyclists. by Michael J Simmonds, Philippe Connes, Surendran Sabapathy

“…METHODS: Male cyclists and triathletes (n = 6; 27±7 yr; body mass index: 23.7±3.0 kg/m²; peak oxygen uptake 4.02±0.51 L/min) performed unloaded (0 W), moderate-intensity, and heavy-intensity cycling. …”
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Is Continuous ECG Recording on Heart Rate Monitors the Most Expected Function by Endurance Athletes, Coaches, and Doctors? by Robert Gajda

“…We conducted three surveys among endurance athletes (76 runners, 14 cyclists, and 10 triathletes), 10 coaches, and 10 sports doctors to obtain information on how important ECG recordings are and what HRM functions should be improved to meet their expectations in the future. …”
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SwimBIT: A Novel Approach to Stroke Analysis During Swim Training Based on Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) by Eduardo Ramos Félix, Hugo Plácido da Silva, Bjørn Harald Olstad, Jan Cabri, Paulo Lobato Correia

“…Real-world data were collected from 13 triathletes (age 20.8 &#177; 3.5 years, height 173.7 &#177; 5.3 cm, and weight 63.5 &#177; 6.3 kg) with different skill levels in performing the four competitive styles of swimming in order to develop a representative database and allow assessment of the system&#8217;s performance in swimming conditions. …”
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IMPORTANCE AND CORRECTNESS OF THE TERM “ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD”. THRESHOLD CHANGES OF COMPENSATORY AND ADAPTIVE BODY REACTIONS IN INCREASING PHYSICAL EXERTION by T. A. Lelyavina, M. Yu. Sitnikova, A. V. Berezina, E. V. Shlyakhto

“…A distinction of the physical exertion into phases is necessary for on-time decisionmaking of the correct clinical decisions in medicine and for evaluation of the level ofsportsmen professional preparedness in sport medicine.Aim. 1) To reveal the consequence of compensatory reactions in human bodyduring increasing physical exertion (PE). 2) To evaluate correctness of the term“anaerobic threshold”.Material and methods. Totally 28 triathletes included and 35 healthy non-trained individuals underwent cardiorespiratory test on treadmill using equipment “Oxycon Pro” by Jager, Germany. …”
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Evaluation of Knowledge and Competence of Kazakhstani Athletes about Nutrition by Yeldana Yerzhanova, Zhanna Sabyrbek, Ermek Dilmakhanbetov, Galiya Madiyeva, Kazys Milasius

“…The purpose of the work is to determine the level of knowledge, sources and the method of their acquisition by the investigated athletes. 199 students from Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and Abay Kazakh National Pedagogical University were enrolled in 1-4 courses in physical education and sports and 60 athletes of high sportsmanship - 15 volleyball players of Burevestnik teams, 15 judo wrestlers of the Kazakhstan national team, 15 wrestlers of the club team and 15 triathletes of the Kazakhstan national team were engaged in the study of the level of knowledge, method of acquisition of information on nutrition. …”
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Prooxidant/Antioxidant Balance in Hypoxia: A Cross-Over Study on Normobaric vs. Hypobaric "Live High-Train Low". by Tadej Debevec, Vincent Pialoux, Jonas Saugy, Laurent Schmitt, Roberto Cejuela, Pauline Mury, Sabine Ehrström, Raphael Faiss, Grégoire P Millet

“…Twenty-four well-trained triathletes underwent the following two 18-day LHTL protocols in a cross-over and randomized manner: Living altitude (PIO2 = 111.9 ± 0.6 vs. 111.6 ± 0.6 mmHg in NH and HH, respectively); training "natural" altitude (~1000-1100 m) and training loads were precisely matched between both LHTL protocols. …”
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Music Augmented With Isochronic Auditory Beats or Vibrotactile Stimulation Does Not Affect Subsequent Ergometer Cycling Performance: A Pilot Study by Adam Fry, Stephen Braren, Nicholas Pitaro, Brandon Larson, David Putrino

“…Six male and five female cyclists/triathletes cycled for 7 minutes at three different intensities: a rate of perceived exertion (RPE) of 11 (“light”), RPE of 15 (“hard”), and a 7-minute time-trial. …”
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Sprinting After Having Sprinted: Prior High-Intensity Stochastic Cycling Impairs the Winning Strike for Gold by Naroa Etxebarria, Steve A. Ingham, Richard A. Ferguson, David J. Bentley, David B. Pyne, David B. Pyne

“…Nine well-trained male cyclists/triathletes (O2peak 4.9 ± 0.4 L⋅min-1; mean ± SD) performed two 1 h cycling trials in a randomized order with either a constant (CON) or variable (VAR) power output matched for mean power output. …”
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Does Power Output at Critical Power Intensity Interchange between Cycling and Running? by Javier Olaya-Cuartero, Basilio Pueo, Alfonso Penichet-Tomas, Lamberto Villalon-Gasch

“…A group of 18 trained triathletes (age 33.0 ± 11.1 years, height 1.75 ± 0.06 m, body mass 71.2 ± 7.1 kg) performed a CP test in cycling (3-min All-Out Test) and running (9/3-min Stryd CP Test). …”
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