Prediction of Kick Count in Triathletes during Freestyle Swimming Session Using Inertial Sensor Technology by Valentina Bianchi, Luca Ambrosini, Valentina Presta, Giuliana Gobbi, Ilaria De Munari

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Risk factors for acute injuries and overuse syndromes of the shoulder in amateur triathletes - A retrospective analysis. by Dominik Schorn, Tim Vogler, Georg Gosheger, Kristian Schneider, Sebastian Klingebiel, Carolin Rickert, Dimosthenis Andreou, Dennis Liem

“…OBJECTIVES:To investigate the prevalence of shoulder-related acute and overuse injuries in triathletes and examine the role of possible risk factors, in order to identify potential preventive measures. …”
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Accelerating Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Injuries in Triathletes: Considerations for Olympic Distance Races by Thilo Hotfiel, Isabel Mayer, Moritz Huettel, Matthias Wilhelm Hoppe, Martin Engelhardt, Christoph Lutter, Klaus Pöttgen, Rafael Heiss, Tom Kastner, Casper Grim

“…The authors agree that there is a compelling need for further studies, including high-quality randomized trials, to completely evaluate the effectiveness of existing therapeutic approaches, particularly in triathletes. The given recommendations must be updated and adjusted, as further evidence emerges.…”
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Predicting overall performance in Ironman 70.3 age group triathletes through split disciplines by Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis, David Valero, Katja Weiss, Elias Villiger, Mabliny Thuany, Caio Victor Sousa, Marilia Andrade, Beat Knechtle

“…This information may aid triathletes and coaches in planning their race tactics in an Ironman® 70.3 race.…”
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Atrophy of the brachialis muscle after a displaced clavicle fracture in an Ironman triathlete: case report by Knechtle Patrizia, Knechtle Beat, Rüst Christoph, Rosemann Thomas

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Exercise-induced myocardial edema in master triathletes: Insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging by Fabrizio Ricci, Fabrizio Ricci, Giovanni Donato Aquaro, Carlo De Innocentiis, Serena Rossi, Cesare Mantini, Francesca Longo, Mohammed Y. Khanji, Mohammed Y. Khanji, Mohammed Y. Khanji, Sabina Gallina, Alessandro Pingitore

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Work, Training and Life Stress in ITU World Olympic Distance Age-Group Championship Triathletes by Veronica Vleck, Luís Miguel Massuça, Rodrigo de Moraes, João Henrique Falk Neto, Claudio Quagliarotti, Maria Francesca Piacentini

“…We assessed the training, work and Life Stress demands of a mixed gender group of 48 top amateur short-distance triathletes using an online retrospective epidemiological survey and the Life Events Survey for Collegiate Athletes. …”
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Evaluation of a 7-Gene Genetic Profile for Athletic Endurance Phenotype in Ironman Championship Triathletes. by Rebecca Grealy, Jasper Herruer, Carl L E Smith, Doug Hiller, Luke J Haseler, Lyn R Griffiths

“…To investigate this model's utility for elite triathletes, we genotyped seven polymorphisms previously associated with an endurance polygenic profile (ACE Ins/Del, ACTN3 Arg577Ter, AMPD1 Gln12Ter, CKMM 1170bp/985+185bp, HFE His63Asp, GDF8 Lys153Arg and PPARGC1A Gly482Ser) in a cohort of 196 elite athletes who participated in the 2008 Kona Ironman championship triathlon. …”
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Ideal diet versus athletic performance: a study about nutritional stereotypes applied by triathletes by Patrícia Kanno, Misael Rabelo, Gislane Ferreira de Melo, Adriana Giavoni

“…Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the priorities that nutritionist and triathletes attributed to food to enhance the sport performance. …”
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Impact of vigorous effort on blood morphological indicators in triathletes participating in the XTERRA Poland 2017 competition by Aneta Teległów, Renata Borowiec, Jakub Marchewka, Łukasz Tota, Dariusz Mucha

“…Material and methods: The study was performed in a group among 10 triathletes aged 30-40 years. Blood was collected 24 hours before, immediately after , and 16 hours after the competition. …”
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Maintenance of plasma volume and serum sodium concentration despite body weight loss in ironman triathletes. by Hew-Butler, T, Collins, M, Bosch, A, Sharwood, K, Wilson, G, Armstrong, M, Jennings, C, Swart, J, Noakes, T

“…PARTICIPANTS: 181 male triathletes competing in an Ironman triathlon. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body weight, plasma volume, and serum ([Na]) change from pre- to postrace. …”

Effects of Krill Oil and Race Distance on Serum Choline and Choline Metabolites in Triathletes: A Field Study by Andreas B. Storsve, Line Johnsen, Christoffer Nyborg, Christoffer Nyborg, Jørgen Melau, Jørgen Melau, Jonny Hisdal, Jonny Hisdal, Lena Burri

“…This exploratory field study was performed to investigate if pre-race supplementation with phosphatidylcholine from krill oil can counteract the expected drop in choline and some of its metabolites during triathlon competitions. Forty-seven triathletes, 12 females and 35 males ranging in age from 25 to 61 years, were recruited from participants in the Ironman-distance Norseman Xtreme triathlon and the Sprint/Olympic-distance Oslo Triathlon. …”
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Aortic pulse wave comparison between controls and triathletes in baseline conditions and in response to acute maximum exercise by Camila Ianê-Siva, Reginaldo Gonçalves, Claudinéia de Oliveira Otoni, Koren C. R. Dias, Ricardo Stein, Bruno Almeida Rezende, Maria Glória Rodrigues-Machado

“…Abstract To determine the effects of intense training on aortic pulse wave variables and hemodynamic parameters at baseline and at recovery from maximal exercise testing (MaxET) in triathletes compared with sedentary individuals. In this prospective and experimental study, 21 triathletes and 21 sedentary individuals were recruited and evaluated prior and two minutes after the MaxET using the Mobil-O-Graph®, which estimates the aortic pulse wave from the brachial artery pressure. …”
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Prevalence of dietary supplement use among male Brazilian recreational triathletes: a cross-sectional study by Vinnycius Nunes de Oliveira, Marilia Santos Andrade, Rafaella Sinisgalli, Rodrigo Luiz Vancini, Gustavo de Conti Teixeira Costa, Katja Weiss, Beat Knechtle, Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira

“…The present study investigated dietary supplement use among Brazilian male recreational triathletes. Methods A total of 724 Brazilian male recreational triathletes (age: 38.00 [10.00] years and body mass index: 24.16 [3.02] kg/m2) took part in this study. …”
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Training zones through muscle oxygen saturation during a graded exercise test in cyclists and triathletes by Aldo Vasquez Bonilla, Adrián González-Custodio, Rafael Timón, Alba Cardenosa, Marta Camacho-Cardenosa, Guillermo Olcina

“…Forty trained cyclists and triathletes performed a GXT. Output power (W), heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), energy expenditure (kcal/min) and SmO2 were measured. …”
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Racing Demands of Off-Road Triathlon: A Case Study of a National Champion Masters Triathlete by Christopher R. Harnish, Hamish A. Ferguson, Gregory P. Swinand

“…(1) Background: This report examines the unique demands of off-road triathlon (XT) by presenting physiological, field, and race data from a national champion off-road triathlete using several years of laboratory and field data to detail training and race intensity. (2) Methods: Laboratory and field data were collected when the athlete was at near peak fitness and included oxygen consumption (VO₂), heart rate (HR), power output (W), and blood lactate (BLC) during cycling and running, while HR, cycling W, and running metrics were obtained from training and race data files over a period of seven years. …”
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Mixed Active and Passive, Heart Rate-Controlled Heat Acclimation Is Effective for Paralympic and Able-Bodied Triathletes by Ben T. Stephenson, Ben T. Stephenson, Keith Tolfrey, Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey

“…Purpose: The aims of this study are to explore the effectiveness of mixed active and passive heat acclimation (HA), controlling the relative intensity of exercise by heart rate (HR) in paratriathletes (PARA), and to determine the adaptation differences to able-bodied (AB) triathletes.Methods: Seven elite paratriathletes and 13 AB triathletes undertook an 8-day HA intervention consisting of five HR-controlled sessions and three passive heat exposures (35°C, 63% relative humidity). …”
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Performance and pacing of professional IRONMAN triathletes: the fastest IRONMAN World Championship ever—IRONMAN Hawaii 2022 by Beat Knechtle, Ivan Cuk, Elias Villiger, Pedro Forte, Mabliny Thuany, Marilia Santos Andrade, Pantelis T. Nikolaidis, Katja Weiss

“…Abstract Pacing during cycling and running in an IRONMAN triathlon has been investigated in only one study with elite IRONMAN triathletes. We have, however, no knowledge of how professional triathletes pace during an IRONMAN World Championship. …”
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Bilateral external iliac artery thrombosis due to endofibrosis in a 33-year-old female triathlete by Jillian Sullivan, APRN, Nicholas Bellas, BS, Jonathan Thoens, MD, James Gallagher, III, MD, Thomas Divinagracia, MD

“…This case involves a 33-year-old female triathlete who presented initially with lower extremity claudication during training. …”
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Use of planar covariation in lower limb kinematics to characterize adaptations of running after cycling in elite triathletes by Joel A. Walsh, Alexander Stamenkovic, James P. Dawber, Paul J. Stapley

“…PurposeTo characterize alterations of lower limb intersegmental coordination during the acute phase of running after cycling among highly trained triathletes using an analysis of planar covariation.MethodsNine highly trained triathletes completed a control run (CR) and a run after transitioning from cycling exercise (transition run, or TR condition) on a motorized treadmill at a self-selected pace. …”
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