Does Smartphone Use Affect a Subsequent Swimming Training Session? Preliminary Results in Amateur Triathletes by Claudio Quagliarotti, Vittorio Coloretti, Emanuele Dello Stritto, Sarah Cuccurullo, Jessica Acalai, Romuald Lepers, Silvia Fantozzi, Matteo Cortesi, Maria Francesca Piacentini

“…This study aimed to evaluate biomechanical and perceptual variables during a swimming training session in different mental fatigue states. Seven amateur triathletes watched a documentary, utilized a smartphone, or performed an AX-CPT for 45 min randomly on three different days. …”
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Ad libitum fluid intake leads to no leg swelling in male Ironman triathletes – an observational field study by Meyer Michael, Knechtle Beat, Bürge Jolanda, Knechtle Patrizia, Mrazek Claudia, Wirth Andrea, Ellenrieder Birte, Rüst Christoph, Rosemann Thomas

“…We investigated a potential development of peripheral oedemata in Ironman triathletes competing over 3.8 km swimming, 180 km cycling and 42.2 km running.…”
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Sports selection system in triathlon by Volodymyr Vodlozerov

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Electromyographic Assessment of the Efficacy of Deep Dry Needling versus the Ischemic Compression Technique in Gastrocnemius of Medium-Distance Triathletes by María Benito-de-Pedro, César Calvo-Lobo, Daniel López-López, Ana Isabel Benito-de-Pedro, Carlos Romero-Morales, Marta San-Antolín, Davinia Vicente-Campos, David Rodríguez-Sanz

“…Several studies have shown that gastrocnemius is frequently injured in triathletes. The causes of these injuries are similar to those that cause the appearance of the myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). …”
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<b>Ideal diet versus athletic performance: a study about nutritional stereotypes applied by triathletes</b> by Patrícia Kanno, Misael Rabelo, Gislane Ferreira de Melo, Adriana Giavoni

“…Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the priorities that nutritionist and triathletes attributed to food to enhance the sport performance. …”
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Respiratory muscle training induces additional stress and training load in well-trained triathletes—randomized controlled trial by Tomasz Kowalski, Przemysław Seweryn Kasiak, Kinga Rebis, Andrzej Klusiewicz, Dominika Granda, Szczepan Wiecha

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An Index of Non-Linear HRV as a Proxy of the Aerobic Threshold Based on Blood Lactate Concentration in Elite Triathletes by Bruce Rogers, Sander Berk, Thomas Gronwald

“…Since large volumes of low-intensity training below the AT is recommended for many elite endurance athletes, confirmation of this relationship in this specific group would be advantageous for the purposes of training intensity distribution monitoring. Nine elite triathletes (7 male, 2 female) attended a training camp for diagnostic purposes. …”
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Can strenuous exercise harm the heart? Insights from a study of cardiovascular neural regulation in amateur triathletes. by Laura Adelaide Dalla Vecchia, Franca Barbic, Beatrice De Maria, Domenico Cozzolino, Roberto Gatti, Franca Dipaola, Enrico Brunetta, Antonio Roberto Zamuner, Alberto Porta, Raffaello Furlan

“…Cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations were also higher in triathletes. In conclusion, triathletes were characterized by signs of sustained cardiovascular sympathetic overactivity. …”
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Training Characteristics, Performance, and Body Composition of Three U23 Elite Female Triathletes throughout a Season by Sergio Sellés-Pérez, Hector Arévalo-Chico, José Fernández-Sáez, Roberto Cejuela

“…The average TID of the three triathletes was 82% in phase 1, 6% in phase 2, and 12% in phase 3. …”
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Physiological Features of Olympic-Distance Amateur Triathletes, as Well as Their Associations with Performance in Women and Men: A Cross–Sectional Study by José Geraldo Barbosa, Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira, Rodrigo Luiz Vancini, Vinicius Ribeiro dos Anjos, Lavínia Vivan, Aldo Seffrin, Pedro Forte, Katja Weiss, Beat Knechtle, Marilia Santos Andrade

“…This study included 40 triathletes (20 male and 20 female). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to assess body composition, and an incremental cardiopulmonary test was used to assess physiological variables. …”
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Personal best times in an Olympic distance triathlon and in a marathon predict Ironman race time in recreational male triathletes by Knechtle P, Rosemann T, Lepers R, R&amp;uuml;st CA, Knechtle B

“…Christoph Alexander R&amp;uuml;st1, Beat Knechtle1,2, Patrizia Knechtle2, Thomas Rosemann1, Romuald Lepers31Institute of General Practice and Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 2Gesundheitszentrum St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland; 3INSERM U887, University of Burgundy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Dijon, FranceBackground: The purpose of this study was to define predictor variables for recreational male Ironman triathletes, using age and basic measurements of anthropometry, training, and previous performance to establish an equation for the prediction of an Ironman race time for future recreational male Ironman triathletes.Methods: Age and anthropometry, training, and previous experience variables were related to Ironman race time using bivariate and multivariate analysis.Results: A total of 184 recreational male triathletes, of mean age 40.9 &amp;plusmn; 8.4 years, height 1.80 &amp;plusmn; 0.06 m, and weight 76.3 &amp;plusmn; 8.4 kg completed the Ironman within 691 &amp;plusmn; 83 minutes. …”
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Is Hemoglobin Mass at Age 16 a Predictor for National Team Membership at Age 25 in Cross-Country Skiers and Triathletes? by Jon Peter Wehrlin, Thomas Steiner

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<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> PS128 Improves Physiological Adaptation and Performance in Triathletes through Gut Microbiota Modulation by Wen-Ching Huang, Chun-Hsu Pan, Chen-Chan Wei, Hui-Yu Huang

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The Impact of a ‘Remotely-Delivered’ Sports Nutrition Education Program on Dietary Intake and Nutrition Knowledge of Junior Elite Triathletes by Xuedan Tan, Natalie Rogers, Nancy Brown, Melanie MacDonald, Amy-Lee Bowler, Gregory R. Cox

“…This single-arm observational study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a remotely delivered nutrition education program on sports nutrition knowledge and the dietary intake of junior elite triathletes (<i>n</i> = 21; female <i>n</i> = 9; male <i>n</i> = 12; 18.9 ± 1.6 y). …”
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Effects of a single dose of beetroot juice on cycling time trial performance at ventilatory thresholds intensity in male triathletes by Manuel Vicente Garnacho-Castaño, Guillem Palau-Salvà, Eduardo Cuenca, Arturo Muñoz-González, Pablo García-Fernández, María del Carmen Lozano-Estevan, Pablo Veiga-Herreros, José Luis Maté-Muñoz, Raúl Domínguez

“…Methods Twelve well-trained, male triathletes (aged 21–47 yr) were assigned in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design to receive 70 ml of BJ (6.5 mmol NO3 −) or placebo (PL). …”
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Refined Analysis of a Cross-Sectional Doping Survey Among Recreational Triathletes: Support for the Nutritional Supplement Gateway Hypothesis by Sebastian Heller, Rolf Ulrich, Perikles Simon, Pavel Dietz

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Differences in Muscle Metabolism Between Triathletes and Normally Active Volunteers Investigated Using Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 7T by Radka Klepochová, Radka Klepochová, Ladislav Valkovič, Ladislav Valkovič, Thomas Hochwartner, Christoph Triska, Norbert Bachl, Harald Tschan, Siegfried Trattnig, Siegfried Trattnig, Michael Krebs, Martin Krššák, Martin Krššák, Martin Krššák

“…This study also aimed to determine the interrelations between these MRS-derived metabolic parameters.Methods: Thirteen male triathletes and ten active male volunteers participated in the study. …”
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Maximal Oxygen Uptake, Muscular Oxidative Capacity, and Ventilatory Threshold in Amateur Triathletes: Eight-Month Training Follow-Up by Assis MGC, Barbosa Junior JGG, Seffrin A, Ribeiro dos Anjos Souza V, Vivan L, Matos Rodrigues MA, de Lira CAB, Vancini RL, Knechtle B, Weiss K, Andrade MS

Subjects: “…amateur triathletes…”
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Differences in muscle metabolism between triathletes and normally active volunteers investigated using multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7T by Klepochová, R, Valkovič, L, Hochwartner, T, Triska, C, Bachl, N, Tschan, H, Trattnig, S, Krebs, M, Krššák, M

“…<strong>Methods:</strong> Thirteen male triathletes and ten active male volunteers participated in the study. …”

Do Spanish Triathletes Consume Sports Supplements According to Scientific Evidence?... by Rubén Jiménez-Alfageme, José Miguel Martínez-Sanz, David Romero-García, Daniel Giménez-Monzo, Samuel Hernández Aparicio, Antonio Jesús Sanchez-Oliver, Isabel Sospedra

“…The aim is to analyze the pattern of SS consumption by triathletes according to sex and the competitive level. …”
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