Variability of the Center of Mass in Trained Triathletes in Running After Cycling: A Preliminary Study Conducted in a Real-Life Setting by Stuart A. Evans, Daniel James, David Rowlands, James B. Lee

“…As for rate of perceived exertion (RPE), a significant difference was observed with triathletes reporting higher values in CycleAero alongside a greater CoM acceleration magnitude in the anteroposterior direction. …”
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Hydrolyzed whey protein enriched with glutamine dipeptide attenuates skeletal muscle damage and improves physical exhaustion test performance in triathletes by Fabiano Pinheiro Peres, Adriana Cristina Levada-Pires, Marcelo Vieira, Elaine Hatanaka, Maria Fernanda Cury-Boaventura, Alessandra Folador, Renata Gorjão, Sandro Massao Hirabara, Paulo Roberto Santos-Silva, Patricia A. Deuster, Rui Curi, Rui Curi, Rui Curi, Tania Cristina Pithon-Curi, Tania Cristina Pithon-Curi

“…PurposeTo investigate the effects of hydrolyzed whey protein enriched with glutamine dipeptide on the percentage of oxygen consumption, second ventilatory threshold, duration and total distance covered, and skeletal muscle damage during an exhaustion test in elite triathletes.MethodsThe study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. …”
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Do Triathletes Periodize Their Diet and Do Their Mineral Content, Body Composition and Aerobic Capacity Change during Training and Competition Periods? by Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski, Natalia Główka, Paulina M. Nowaczyk, Anna Laszczak, Anna Gogojewicz, Joanna Suliburska

“…It is necessary to introduce nutritional education in the group of triathletes focused on exercise-oriented nutritional periodization following the requirements of the training and competition periods, thus preventing the risk of nutrient deficiencies.…”
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A Comparison of the Cheater Detection and the Unrelated Question Models: A Randomized Response Survey on Physical and Cognitive Doping in Recreational Triathletes. by Hannes Schröter, Beatrix Studzinski, Pavel Dietz, Rolf Ulrich, Heiko Striegel, Perikles Simon

“…PURPOSE:This study assessed the prevalence of physical and cognitive doping in recreational triathletes with two different randomized response models, that is, the Cheater Detection Model (CDM) and the Unrelated Question Model (UQM). …”
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Less Is More—Cyclists-Triathlete’s 30 min Cycling Time-Trial Performance Is Impaired With Multiple Feedback Compared to a Single Feedback by Freya Bayne, Sebastien Racinais, Katya Mileva, Steve Hunter, Nadia Gaoua

“…Purpose: The purpose of this article was to (i) compare different modes of feedback (multiple vs. single) on 30 min cycling time-trial performance in non-cyclist’s and cyclists-triathletes, and (ii) investigate cyclists-triathlete’s information acquisition.Methods: 20 participants (10 non-cyclists, 10 cyclists-triathletes) performed two 30 min self-paced cycling time-trials (TT, ∼5–7 days apart) with either a single feedback (elapsed time) or multiple feedback (power output, elapsed distance, elapsed time, cadence, speed, and heart rate). …”
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Swimmers’ shoulder side asymmetry at rest and after aerobic load by Liga Irmane, Inese Pontaga, Imants Upitis, Jelena Solovjova

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Changes in the chronic and postprandial blood lipid profiles of trained competitive cyclists and triathletes following a ketogenic diet: a randomized crossover trial by Austin J. Graybeal, Andreas Kreutzer, Kamiah Moss, Meena Shah

“…Conclusions Trained competitive cyclists and triathletes demonstrate increased TC in response to a two-week KD compared to a HCD or HD. …”
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Case Report: Training Monitoring and Performance Development of a Triathlete With Spinal Cord Injury and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia During a Paralympic Cycle by Oliver J. Quittmann, Oliver J. Quittmann, Benjamin Lenatz, Patrick Bartsch, Frauke Lenatz, Tina Foitschik, Thomas Abel, Thomas Abel

“…In conclusion, there is a need for careful training prescription and monitoring in wheelchair triathletes to improve performance and avoid non-functional overreaching.…”
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Test proposal to evaluate the aerobic capacity in youth triathletes/Propuesta de test para evaluar la capacidad aeróbica en triatletas juveniles by Pavel Fundora García, Luis Ángel García Vázquez, Magda Alina Rabassa López-Calleja

“…The test times were lower in the triathletes, confirming that the test is specific for triathletes.…”
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Heart Rate Monitor Instead of Ablation? Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia in a Leisure-Time Triathlete: 6-Year Follow-Up by Robert Gajda

“…This study describes a triathlete with effort-provoked atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT), diagnosed six years ago, who ineffectively controlled his training load via heart-rate monitors (HRM) to avoid tachyarrhythmia. …”
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The Type of Per-Cooling Strategies Currently Employed by Competitive and Professional Cyclists-Triathletes During Training and Competition Are Condition (Dry vs.... by Freya Bayne, Sebastien Racinais, Katya N. Mileva, Steve Hunter, Nadia Gaoua

“…PurposeTo investigate cooling strategies employed by athletes (cyclists-triathletes) during training and competition in hot and dry (HD) and hot and humid (HH) conditions.MethodsThirty-five athletes completed an online questionnaire on the type, timing, and justification of cooling strategies employed during past training and/or competitions in HD and HH conditions. …”
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Effect of Combined Intra-Session Glucose and Fructose Intake on the Performance of Young Super-Sprint Triathletes: A Randomised, Crossover, Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study by Pablo Pérez, Víctor Toro-Román, Jesús Siquier-Coll, Ignacio Bartolomé, Francisco Javier Grijota Pérez

“…Carbohydrate intake is a commonly used strategy in sports, and supplementation for triathletes includes pre-competition, intra-competition, and post-competition intake. …”
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Swimming-induced pulmonary edema: current perspectives by Smith R, Ormerod JOM, Sabharwal N, Kipps C

Subjects: “…Triathletes…”
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Changes in red blood cell parameters during incremental exercise in highly trained athletes of different sport specializations by Monika Ciekot-Sołtysiak, Krzysztof Kusy, Tomasz Podgórski, Barbara Pospieszna, Jacek Zieliński

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The Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) as a Useful Tool to Identify Female Triathletes at Risk for Menstrual Disorders Related to Low Energy Availability by Joanna Witkoś, Grzegorz Błażejewski, Marcin Gierach

“…Results: Of the 30 female triathletes studied, 23.3% had a monthly cycle disorder, defined as an amenorrhea state for more than 90 days. …”
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Age of peak performance in elite male and female Ironman triathletes competing in Ironman Switzerland, a qualifier for the Ironman world championship, Ironman Hawaii, from 1995 to 2011 by Rüst CA, Knechtle B, Knechtle P, Rosemann T, Lepers R

“…Christoph Alexander Rüst,1 Beat Knechtle,1,2 Patrizia Knechtle,2 Thomas Rosemann,1 Romuald Lepers31Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, 2Gesundheitszentrum St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland; 3INSERM U1093, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, FranceBackground: The age of peak performance in elite endurance athletes has been investigated for elite marathoners, but not for elite Ironman triathletes. The aim of this study was to analyze the age of peak performance in swimming (3.8 km), cycling (180 km), running (42 km), and overall race time for elite female and male Ironman triathletes competing in Ironman Switzerland, a qualifier for the Ironman world championship, known as the Ironman Hawaii.Methods: The age of the annual top ten overall swimmers, cyclists, runners, and annual overall finishers for both male and female elite triathletes and their corresponding split and overall race times at the Ironman Switzerland were analyzed between 1995 and 2011.Results: The mean age of the elite Ironman triathletes was 33 ± 3 years for men and 34 ± 4 years for women. …”
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How to Form a Successful Team for the Novel Olympic Triathlon Discipline: The Mixed-Team-Relay by Claudio Quagliarotti, Daniele Gaiola, Luca Bianchini, Veronica Vleck, Maria Francesca Piacentini

Subjects: “…elite triathletes…”
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Organizing and running duathlon competitions in Ukraine by Vladimir Vodlozerov

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Organizing and running winter triathlon competitions in Ukraine by Vladimir Vodlozerov

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Long-Term Combined Effects of Citrulline and Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Extract Supplementation on Recovery Status in Trained Male Triathletes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial by José Burgos, Aitor Viribay, Julio Calleja-González, Diego Fernández-Lázaro, Jurgi Olasagasti-Ibargoien, Jesús Seco-Calvo, Juan Mielgo-Ayuso

“…Therefore, the main purpose of this research was to assess the effect of the long-term (9 weeks) mixture of 3 g/day of CIT plus 2.1 g/day of BR (300 mg/day of nitrates (NO₃⁻)) supplementation on recovery by distance covered in the Cooper test, EIMD markers (urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, GGT, LDH and CK) and anabolic/catabolic hormones (testosterone, cortisol and testosterone/cortisol ratio (T/C)) in male trained triathletes. Thirty-two triathletes were randomized into four different groups of eight triathletes in this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial: placebo group (PLG), CIT group (CITG; 3 g/day of CIT), BR group (BRG; 2.1 g/day of BR (300 mg/day of NO₃⁻)) and CIT-BR group (CIT-BRG; 3 g/day of CIT plus 2.1 g/day of BR (300 mg/day of NO₃⁻)). …”
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