Environmental surveillance as a tool for identifying high-risk settings for typhoid transmission by Andrews, JR, Yu, AT, Saha, S, Shakya, J, Aiemjoy, K, Horng, L, Qamar, F, Garrett, D, Baker, S, Saha, S, Luby, SP

“…The World Health Organization now recommends that typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCV) be used in settings with high typhoid incidence; consequently, governments face a challenge regarding how to prioritize typhoid against other emerging diseases. …”

Double blind comparison of ibuprofen and paracetamol for adjunctive treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever. by Vinh, H, Parry, C, Hanh, V, Chinh, M, House, D, Tham, C, Thao, N, Diep, T, Wain, J, Day, N, White, N, Farrar, J

“… BACKGROUND: Antipyretics reduce the prolonged, high fever characteristic of typhoid fever. The benefits of nonsteroidal drugs in this role have not been quantified. …”

Immunogenicity and efficacy of conjugated and unconjugated Vi-polysaccharide vaccines in the prevention of typhoid fever by Jin, C

“…<p>Each year, 12.1 to 20.6 million typhoid fever infections occur globally, of which 1% result in death. …”

Cytokine release by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated whole blood from patients with typhoid fever. by House, D, Chinh, N, Hien, T, Parry, C, Ly, N, Diep, T, Wain, J, Dunstan, S, White, N, Dougan, G, Farrar, J

“…The ex vivo cytokine response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of whole blood from patients with typhoid fever was investigated. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha release by LPS-stimulated blood was found to be lower during acute typhoid fever than after a course of antimicrobial therapy (P…”

Cost-effectiveness of typhoid conjugate vaccine strategies in 54 gavi-eligible countries by Bilcke, J, Antillon, M, Pieters, Z, Kuylen, E, Paltiel, A, Neuzil, K, Pollard, A, Pitzer, V

Estimation of incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic by Chanthavilay, P, Mayxay, M, Xongmixay, P, Roberts, T, Rattanavong, S, Vongsouvath, M, Newton, PN, Crump, JA

“…Typhoid conjugate vaccines represent a new tool for typhoid control. …”

Typhoid fever and genetic polymorphisms at the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1. by Dunstan, S, Ho, V, Duc, C, Lanh, M, Phuong, C, Luxemburger, C, Wain, J, Dudbridge, F, Peacock, C, House, D, Parry, C, Hien, T, Dougan, G, Farrar, J, Blackwell, J

“…Control of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) infection in the mouse model of typhoid fever is critically dependent on the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1). …”

Interferon-driven alterations of the host’s amino acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever by Blohmke, C, Darton, T, Jones, C, Suarez, N, Angus, B, Zhou, L, Hill, J, Clare, S, Kane, L, Mukhopadhyay, S, Schreiber, F, Duque-Correa, M, Wright, J, Roumeliotis, T, Yu, L, Choudhary, J, Mejias, A, Ramilo, O, Shanyinde, M, Sztein, M, Kingsley, R, Lockhart, S, Levine, M, Lynn, D, Dougan, G, Pollard, A

“…Corresponding alterations in tryptophan catabolites with immunomodulatory properties in serum of participants with typhoid fever confirmed the activity of this pathway, and implicate a central role of host tryptophan metabolism in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever.…”

Logistics of implementing a large-scale typhoid vaccine trial in Kathmandu, Nepal by Colin-Jones, R, Shakya, M, Voysey, M, Theiss-Nyland, K, Smith, N, Pant, D, Liu, X, Tonks, S, Mazur, O, Farooq, Y, Kelly, S, Adhikari, A, Dongol, S, Karkey, A, Shrestha, S, Basnyat, B, Pollard, A

“…The Typhoid Vaccine Acceleration Consortium (TyVAC) aims to support the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines into Gavi-eligible countries in an effort to reduce morbidity and mortality from typhoid. …”

Water and filth: reevaluating the first era of sanitary typhoid intervention (1840–1940) by Vanderslott, S, Phillips, M, Pitzer, V, Kirchhelle, C

The phylogeography and incidence of multi-drug resistant typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa by Park, SE, Pham, DT, Boinett, C, Wong, VK, Pak, GD, Panzner, U, Espinoza, LMC, Von Kalckreuth, V, Im, J, Schütt-Gerowitt, H, Crump, JA, Breiman, RF, Adu-Sarkodie, Y, Owusu-Dabo, E, Rakotozandrindrainy, R, Soura, AB, Aseffa, A, Gasmelseed, N, Keddy, KH, May, J, Sow, AG, Aaby, P, Biggs, HM, Hertz, JT, Montgomery, JM, Cosmas, L, Olack, B, Fields, B, Sarpong, N, Razafindrabe, TJL, Raminosoa, TM, Kabore, LP, Sampo, E, Teferi, M, Yeshitela, B, Tayeb, MA, Sooka, A, Meyer, CG, Krumkamp, R, Dekker, DM, Jaeger, A, Poppert, S, Tall, A, Niang, A, Bjerregaard-Andersen, M, Løfberg, SV, Seo, HJ, Jeon, HJ, Deerin, JF, Park, J, Konings, F, Ali, M, Clemens, JD, Hughes, P, Sendagala, JN, Vudriko, T, Downing, R, Ikumapayi, UN, Mackenzie, GA, Obaro, S, Argimon, S, Aanensen, DM, Page, A, Keane, JA, Duchene, S, Dyson, Z, Holt, KE, Dougan, G, Marks, F, Baker, S

“…Antimicrobial stewardship, MDR surveillance, and the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines will be critical for the control of MDR typhoid in Africa.…”

Diagnostics for typhoid fever: current perspectives and future outlooks for product development and access by Sapkota, J, Roberts, T, Basnyat, B, Baker, S, Hampton, LM, Dittrich, S

“…Typhoid is an enteric disease caused by <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi. …”

Phase 3 efficacy analysis of a typhoid conjugate vaccine trial in Nepal by Shakya, M, Colin-Jones, R, Theiss-Nyland, K, Voysey, M, Pant, D, Smith, N, Liu, X, Tonks, S, Mazur, O, Farooq, YG, Clarke, J, Hill, J, Adhikari, A, Dongol, S, Karkey, A, Bajracharya, B, Kelly, S, Gurung, M, Baker, S, Neuzil, K, Shretha, S, Basnyat, B, Pollard, AJ

“…<p><strong>BACKGROUND</strong></p> <p>Salmonella Typhi is a major cause of fever in children in low- and middle-income countries. A typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) that was recently prequalified by the World Health Organization was shown to be efficacious in a human challenge model, but data from efficacy trials in areas where typhoid is endemic are lacking.…”

Hepcidin regulation in Kenyan children with severe malaria and non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteremia by Abuga, KM, Muriuki, JM, Uyoga, SM, Mwai, K, Makale, J, Mogire, RM, Macharia, AW, Mohammed, S, Muthumbi, E, Mwarumba, S, Mturi, N, Bejon, P, Scott, JAG, Nairz, M, Williams, TN, Atkinson, SH

“…Malaria and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are life-threatening infections that often co-exist in African children. …”

Redefining typhoid diagnosis: what would an improved test need to look like? by Mather, RG, Hopkins, H, Parry, CM, Dittrich, S

“…<br><strong>Introduction: </strong>Typhoid fever is one of the most common bacterial causes of acute febrile illness in the developing world, with an estimated 10.9&#x2009;million new cases and 116.8 thousand deaths in 2017. …”

Reproducible diagnostic metabolites in plasma from typhoid fever patients in Asia and Africa. by Näsström, E, Parry, C, Thieu, N, Maude, R, de Jong, H, Fukushima, M, Rzhepishevska, O, Marks, F, Panzner, U, Im, J, Jeon, H, Park, S, Chaudhury, Z, Ghose, A, Samad, R, Van, T, Johansson, A, Dondorp, A, Thwaites, G, Faiz, A, Antti, H, Baker, S

“…Salmonella Typhi is the causative agent of typhoid. Typhoid is diagnosed by blood culture, a method that lacks sensitivity, portability and speed. …”

Phase 3 efficacy analysis of a typhoid conjugate vaccine trial in Nepal by Shakya, M, Colin-Jones, R, Theiss-Nyland, K, Voysey, M, Pant, D, Smith, N, Liu, X, Tonks, S, Mazur, O, Farooq, YG, Clarke, J, Hill, J, Adhikari, A, Dongol, S, Karkey, A, Bajracharya, B, Kelly, S, Gurung, M, Baker, S, Neuzil, KM, Shrestha, S, Basnyat, B, Pollard, AJ, Tyvac Nepal Study Team

“…<p><strong>BACKGROUND</strong></p> <p>Salmonella Typhi is a major cause of fever in children in low- and middle-income countries. A typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) that was recently prequalified by the World Health Organization was shown to be efficacious in a human challenge model, but data from efficacy trials in areas where typhoid is endemic are lacking.…”

An extended genotyping framework for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the cause of human typhoid. by Wong, V, Baker, S, Connor, T, Pickard, D, Page, A, Dave, J, Murphy, N, Holliman, R, Sefton, A, Millar, M, Dyson, Z, Dougan, G, Holt, K, International Typhoid Consortium (70 others)

“…The population ofSalmonella entericaserovar Typhi (S.Typhi), the causative agent of typhoid fever, exhibits limited DNA sequence variation, which complicates efforts to rationally discriminate individual isolates. …”

Value of a single-tube widal test in diagnosis of typhoid fever in Vietnam. by Parry, C, Hoa, N, Diep, T, Wain, J, Chinh, N, Vinh, H, Hien, T, White, N, Farrar, J

“…The diagnostic value of an acute-phase single-tube Widal test for suspected typhoid fever was evaluated with 2,000 Vietnamese patients admitted to an infectious disease referral hospital between 1993 and 1998. …”

A clinical, microbiological, and pathological study of intestinal perforation associated with typhoid fever. by Nguyen, Q, Everest, P, Tran, T, House, D, Murch, S, Parry, C, Connerton, P, Phan, V, To, S, Mastroeni, P, White, N, Tran, T, Vo, V, Dougan, G, Farrar, J, Wain, J

“…One of the most serious complications of typhoid fever is intestinal perforation. Of 27 patients admitted to a provincial hospital in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam who had gastrointestinal perforation secondary to suspected typhoid fever, 67% were male, with a median age of 23 years and a median duration of illness of 10 days. …”