Azithromycin Versus Ofloxacin in Treatment of Enteric Fever in Children by Ammara Manzoor

“…Background: To compare the clinical efficacy of Azithromycin versus Ofloxacin in the treatment of typhoid fever in terms of the proportion of children becoming afebrile on 5th day of treatment. …”
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β-Glucan of Candida albicans Cell Wall Extract Inhibits Salmonella Typhimurium Colonization by Potentiating Cellular Immunity (CD8 + and CD4 + T Cells) by Sri Winarsih, Tomson Kosasih, Marvin Anthony Putera, Nayla Rahmadhiani, Erlien Lindawati Poernomo, Kresna Septiandy Runtuk, Melissa Valensia Oswari

“…Abstract INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial resistance has been reported in the drugs used for the treatment of typhoid fever. The immunomodulatory substance β-glucan can be used as an alternative therapy as it potentiates host immunity. …”
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Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi: An Unusual Cause of Infective Endocarditis by Christopher Robson, Matthew V. N. O’Sullivan, Shobini Sivagnanam

“…While typhoid fever is a common infection, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a rare cause of endocarditis. …”
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Quinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi: Mechanisms, factors driving the spread of resistance, current epidemiological trends and clinical significance by Gasim Omer Elkhalifa Abd-Elfarag

“…The human restricted bacteria,Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is the major cause of typhoid fever (or enteric fever), a characteristic severe systemic illness. …”
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SANITASI LINGKUNGAN DAN HYGIENE PERORANGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN DEMAM TIFOID DI KECAMATAN NGEMPLAK KABUPATEN BOYOLALI TAHUN 2010 by , Zulfikar, , Prof. Dr. dr. Adi Heru Sutomo, M.Sc.

“…Background: Typhoid fever is a disease caused by Salmonella typhi bacterial infection. …”

Whole genome sequence analysis of Salmonella Typhi in Papua New Guinea reveals an established population of genotype 2.1.7 sensitive to antimicrobials. by Zoe Anne Dyson, Elisheba Malau, Paul F Horwood, Rebecca Ford, Valentine Siba, Mition Yoannes, William Pomat, Megan Passey, Louise M Judd, Danielle J Ingle, Deborah A Williamson, Gordon Dougan, Andrew R Greenhill, Kathryn E Holt

“…<h4>Background</h4>Typhoid fever, a systemic infection caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, remains a considerable public health threat in impoverished regions within many low- and middle-income settings. …”
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Redefining typhoid diagnosis: what would an improved test need to look like? by Mather, RG, Hopkins, H, Parry, CM, Dittrich, S

“…<br><strong>Introduction: </strong>Typhoid fever is one of the most common bacterial causes of acute febrile illness in the developing world, with an estimated 10.9&#x2009;million new cases and 116.8 thousand deaths in 2017. …”

Epidemiologic analysis of sporadic Salmonella typhi isolates and those from outbreaks by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. by Thong, Kwai Lin, Cheong, Y.M., Puthucheary, S., Koh, C.L., Pang, T.

“…Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to compare and analyze 158 isolates of Salmonella typhi from five well-defined outbreaks of typhoid fever in Malaysia and also isolates involved in sporadic cases of typhoid fever occurring during the same period. …”

Persistent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi sub-populations within host interrogated by whole genome sequencing and metagenomics by Eby M. Sim, Qinning Wang, Peter Howard, Rady Kim, Ling Lim, Kirsty Hope, Vitali Sintchenko

“…Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) causes typhoid fever and, in some cases, chronic carriage after resolution of acute disease. …”
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MIS-C frenzy: The importance of considering a broad differential diagnosis by Reham A Lasheen, Abdelrahman ElTohamy, Esraa O Salaheldin

“…We report a case of a 3 year-old boy with possible typhoid fever with recent travel to a typhoid endemic area who was primarily managed as a case of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). …”
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Persistent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi sub-populations within host interrogated by whole genome sequencing and metagenomics. by Eby M Sim, Qinning Wang, Peter Howard, Rady Kim, Ling Lim, Kirsty Hope, Vitali Sintchenko

“…Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) causes typhoid fever and, in some cases, chronic carriage after resolution of acute disease. …”
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Transcriptional response in the peripheral blood of patients infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. by Thompson, L, Dunstan, S, Dolecek, C, Perkins, T, House, D, Dougan, G, Nguyen, T, Tran, T, Doan, C, Le, T, Nguyen, T, Tran, T, Farrar, J, Monack, D, Lynn, D, Popper, S, Falkow, S

“…We used microarrays and transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood to investigate the host response of 29 individuals who contracted typhoid fever in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. …”

A turning point in typhoid control by Bentsi-Enchill, A, Pollard, A

“…In the last 2 decades, significant contributions to our overall understanding of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever (collectively enteric fever) have been achieved through key population- based disease burden studies. …”

Increasing genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from Papua New Guinea over the period from 1992 to 1999 by Thong, Kwai Lin, Goh, Yee Ling, Yasin, Rohani M., Lau, Ming Guek, Passey, Megan, Winston, Gibson, Yoannes, Mition, Pang, Tikki, Reeder, John C.

“…The majority of isolates were from patients with mild and moderate typhoid fever and had various XbaI profiles. A single isolate from a patient with fatal typhoid fever had a unique X11 profile, while four of six isolates from patients with severe typhoid fever had the X1 pattern. …”
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Optimization of an elisa using a 50 kda omp antigen salmonella typhi for detection of anti-typhoid antibodies in human sera by Hoe, Lau Wai

“…In most tropical parts of the world particularly the developing countries, such as Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia, typhoid fever has remained a major public health problem. …”
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Short course of ofloxacin for treatment of multidrug-resistant typhoid. by Tran, T, Bethell, D, Nguyen, T, Wain, J, To, S, Le, T, Bui, M, Nguyen, MD, Pham, T, Walsh, A

“…A 3-day course of ofloxacin proved to be safe and highly effective in the treatment of uncomplicated, multidrug-resistant typhoid fever.…”

South Asia today: William Osler's world with antibiotics by Basnyat, B

“…Additionally, antimicrobial resistance—including antibiotic-resistant typhoid fever—is on the increase. For example, extensive drug-resistant typhoid fever in Pakistan’s Sindh province has been documented since November, 2016.2 The H58 strain of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, which is ubiquitous in south Asia, became extensively drug resistant by acquiring a so-called highly promiscuous DNA molecule (ie, a plasmid) from another common bacterium such as Escherichia coli. …”

A probable case of laboratory-acquired infection with salmonella typhi: evidence from phage typing, antibiograms, and analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis by Thong, Kwai Lin, Cheong, Y.M., Pang, T.

“…Objective: To report a probable case of laboratory-acquired typhoid fever involving a female laboratory technologist at a major diagnostic bacteriology laboratory in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. …”
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Genome sequence and comparative pathogenomics analysis of a Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi strain associated with a typhoid carrier in Malaysia by Yap, Kien Pong, Gan, Han Ming, Teh, Cindy Shuan Ju, Baddam, Ramani, Chai, Lay Ching, Kumar, Narender, Tiruvayipati, Suma Avasthi, Ahmed, Niyaz, Thong, Kwai Lin

“…Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a human pathogen that causes typhoid fever predominantly in developing countries. …”
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A <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi Controlled Human Infection Study for Assessing Correlation between Bactericidal Antibodies and Protection against Infection Induced by Typhoid Vaccination by Elizabeth Jones, Celina Jin, Lisa Stockdale, Christina Dold, Andrew J. Pollard, Jennifer Hill

“…Vi-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines are efficacious against typhoid fever in children living in endemic settings, their recent deployment is a promising step in the control of typhoid fever. …”
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