Asymmetric nexus between commercial policies and consumption-based carbon emissions: new evidence from Pakistan by Muhammad Zubair Chishti, Hafiz Syed Muhammad Azeem, Muhammad Kamran Khan

“…For empirical analysis, several tests and methods, including Augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test, Zivot–Andrews unit root test, asymmetric cointegration bound testing approach, non-linear ARDL, Wald-test, Granger causality test and wavelet quantile correlation (WQC) method are utilized. …”
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Testing Purchasing Power Parity in Cambodia: Time-Varying Trade Weights in Constructing Real Effective Exchange Rate by Siphat Lim

“…Finally, the implementing of only the most popular unit-root or stationary tests such as ADF and PP deems to diagnose with certain weaknesses, for instance, size distortion ascending from the heteroscedasticity. …”
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Impact of Political Risk on Foreign Direct Investment with Fourier Approach: The Case of Turkiye by Gökhan Konat

“…For this purpose, Fourier-based unit root and cointegration analysis are used. As a result of the Fourier unit root analysis, it is concluded that the FDI variable is difference stationary and the political risk variable is level stationary. …”
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Current Account Sustainability of South Africa with Regime Shifts by Senela Stungwa, Teboho Mosikari

“…To ensure the order of integration of variables, the study used Fourier LM unit root test and Minimum LM unit root test. The study uses maki cointegration test with multiple structural breaks to examine the long run relationship between the variables in the presence of structural breaks. …”
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Testing Purchasing Power Parity in Cambodia: Time-Varying Trade Weights in Constructing Real Effective Exchange Rate by Siphat Lim

“…Finally, the implementing of only the most popular unit-root or stationary tests such as ADF and PP deems to diagnose with certain weaknesses, for instance, size distortion ascending from the heteroscedasticity. …”
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Nexus of Foreign Direct Investment, Domestic Investment, Trade on Economic Growth: A Cointegration Analysis by Nor Amyra Shazzyra Zaharudin, Siti Ayu Jalil

“…The unit root test result indicated the stationarity of all series at the first difference. …”
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Investigating the Symmetric Effects of Working Capital on Profitability in Turkish Banking: An ARDL Empirical Analysis by Raza Ali, Tursoy Turgut, Shaikh Erum, Shaikh Ahsan-ul-Haque

“…A line graph is presented for each balance that tells us the volatility ratio in the variables, the unit root test applied to resolve the unit root problem, and the cointegration test used for long-term relationships among variables. …”
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Exploring the Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Lower Middle and High Income Economies using Panel data Techniques by Tayyab Raza Fraz

“…These countries are divided into two panels based on lower-middle-income and high-income-level economies. Traditional ADF unit root test is used to confirm the stationarity at first difference. …”
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Inward Foreign Direct Investment and Welfare Nexus: The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Welfare in Developing Countries by Md. Shakib Hossain, Md. Shahin Kamal, Md. Rubaeth Halim, Nurul Mohammad Zayed

“…</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Panel unit root test, panel cointegration, vector error correction model, foreign direct investment</p><p><strong>JEL Classifications:</strong> C23, F21, I3</p><p>DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.8465">https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.8465</a></p>…”
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Clarifying the relationship between green investment, technological innovation, financial openness, and renewable energy consumption in MINT by Md Qamruzzaman, Salma Karim

“…The panel unit root test revealed that all the variables become stationary after the first difference. …”
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National debt management and business sustainability in Africa's largest economy: A focus on the private sector. by Mengya Shang, Uchechukwu E Okorie, Yin Hang, Xiaosong Jin, Daniel E Ufua

“…The method of data analysis employed the unit root test for stationarity. Johansen cointegration and vector error correction approach. …”
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Relationship between FDI Inflows and Export Performance: An Empirical Investigation by Considering Structural Breaks by Sayed Farrukh Ahmed, A. K. M. Mohsin, Syed Far Abid Hossain

“…Since all the variables were integrated of order one, <i>I</i>(1), with breaks (confirmed by ZA and LP unit root tests), a Johansen test of co-integration was applied to identify whether the variables were co-integrated. …”
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Analysis of the Dynamic Relationships among Renewable Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, Financial Development, and Carbon Dioxide Emission in Five Sub-Saharan African Countries by Hassan Qudrat-Ullah, Chinedu Miracle Nevo

“…The presence of cross-sectional dependence is found and represented with the CIPS unit root test. No significant short-run relationship is found between the variables of the study, yet a significant long-run relationship is present among them. …”
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The Effects of Structural Breaks on Energy Resources in the Long Run. Evidence from the Last Two Oil Price Crashes before COVID-19 by Pablo Cansado-Bravo, Carlos Rodríguez-Monroy

“…In an effort to assess the impacts of these structural changes, we identified time points at which structural break changes occurred and unit root properties using a representative variety of unit root testing alternatives. …”
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How Terms of Trade Impact Economic Growth: The Case of the United States by Umer Shahzad, Xiaoyin He, Said Muhammad

“…We employed an Autoregressive Distributed lag (ARDL) unit root model to examine the study variables’ short- and long-term associations. …”
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Exports- and Imports-Led Growth: Evidence from a Time Series Analysis, Case of Jordan by Rasha Istaiteyeh, Farah Najem, Nahil Saqfalhait

“…The four time-series datasets, GDP, merchandise exports, merchandise imports, and gross capital formation, were examined using the Dickey–Fuller unit root tests, the Phillips–Perron unit root test, and the Johansen’s trace tests for cointegration. …”
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ASEAN ten economies: converge or diverge? by Habibullah, Muzafar Shah, Din, Badariah, Chong, Choy Yoke

“…We apply the KSS-CHLL nonlinear unit root for the test of nonlinear convergence between the ASEAN ten countries with respect to the ASEAN average for the period 1970 to 2015. …”
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The Relationship between Energy Inflation and Exchange Rate: A Study on Türkiye by Faik Danışoğlu, Mehmet Yunus Çelik

“…According to the results of ADF and PP unit root tests, it is concluded that the series of energy inflation and real exchange rate variables are not stationary at level, but both series become stationary after first differences are taken. …”
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Finansal Kırılganlık ile Makroekonomik Faktörler Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Türk Bankacılık Sektörü Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma(Examining the Relationship between Financia... by Levent SEZAL

“…Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) unit root tests and Zivot-Andrews unit root tests with structural break have used to determine the stationarity levels of the variables. …”

Effect of inflation on the growth and development of the Pakistan economy: An empirical analysis by Tom JACOB, Raphael RINCY, V.S. AJINA

“…Augmented Dickey Fuller Unit Root Test is employed to check the unit root of the time series and Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) technique is used to estimate the long run and short run impact of inflation in the economic growth of Pakistan. …”
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