A comparative study of the policy response to COVID-19 in the ASEAN region: A dynamic simulated ARDL approach by Nihal Ahmed, Dilawar Khan, Judit Oláh, József Popp

“…A dynamic simulated Autoregressive-Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach was adopted to analyze the policy response to COVID-19 in the ASEAN region using data from February 1, 2020, to November 8, 2021. The results of unit root concluded that the dependent variable is integrated of order one while the independent variables are stationarized at the level or first difference, and the use of a dynamic simulated ARDL technique is appropriate for this paper. …”
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Energy Price Policies and Food Prices: Empirical Evidence from Iran by Riza Radmehr, Shida Rastegari Henneberry

“…We employ the panel unit root test, Pedroni co-integration tests, Pooled Mean Group (PMG), Mean Group (MG), and Dynamic Fixed Effects (DFE) estimation techniques, applied to a panel of monthly prices for ten food products for the period of March 1995 to February 2018. …”
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The Role of Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy on Agricultural Economics in Indonesia by Doppy Roy Nendissa, Atiek Iriany, Jeky Melkianus Sui, Nikmatul Khoiriya, Onuma Suphattanakul, Worakamol Wisetsri

“…The current research has used the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test for checking the unit root and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) to test the nexus among constructs. …”
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Exploring the Effects of Classical Auto Insurance Rating Variables on Premium in ARDL: Is the high Policyholders’ Premium in Ghana Justified? by Jacob Azaare, Zhao Wu, Bright Nana Kwame Ahia

“…In satisfying all the conditions for ARDL application, unit root, Heteroskedasticity, normality, dynamic stability and serial correlation tests were conducted. …”
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The Environmental Effects of Urbanization, Education, and Green Innovation in the Union for Mediterranean Countries: Evidence from Quantile Regression Model by Rashid Latief, Usman Sattar, Sohail Ahmad Javeed, Ammar Ali Gull, Yingshun Pei

“…The data are divided based on the income level of UFM countries and analyzed with panel quantile regression, panel unit root tests, panel co-integration test, ordinary least squares method, and fixed effects model to evaluate the nexus between variables. …”
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Interest rate and exchange rate volatility and the performance of the Nigerian informal sector: Evidence from small and medium-sized enterprises by Henry Osahon Osazevbaru

“…The data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, correlation, a unit root test, an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound test for cointegration and the ARCH regression model. …”
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Arbitrage, Covered Interest Parity and Cointegration Analysis on the NTD/USD Forex Market Revisited by Chen Kuo-Shing, Chen Chun-Ming, Lee Chien-Chiang

“… This study applies interest parity theory including Covered Interest Parity (CIP) to examine the 30-, 60-.90-, and 180-day maturities for the NTD/USD foreign exchange (FX) market. In the empirical unit root tests, we find that NTD/USD forward premium and interest rate spread present I(0) property. …”
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جدلية البطالة والنمو الاقتصادي حسب قانون أوكن لواقع الاقتصاد الجزائر (دراسة تحليلية وقياسية للفترة 1991 - 2015)... by أ. دحماني رضا, أ.د. زايد مراد

“…As a first step we used the unit root tests To test the stationary and set the degree of integration of each series, In addition to the above and to determine the causal relationship between the two variables in the short and long term, we decided to rely on the Granger causality test and Toda- Yamamoto who agreed on a causal relationship from growth to unemployment.…”
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Export Performance and Economic Growth in East Asian Economies – Application of Cointegration and Vector Error Correction Model by Neena Malhotra, Deepika Kumari

“…In order to examine the causal relationship between exports and economic growth, the study has applied time series techniques such as Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and PhillipsPerron (PP) unit root tests to check stationarity of variables, Johansen cointegration test for long run relationship, vector error correction model (VECM) for short run dynamics and for estimating speed of adjustment towards long run equilibrium. …”
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Impact of Green Energy Production, Green Innovation, Financial Development on Environment Quality: A Role of Country Governance in Pakistan by Aamir Inam Bhutta, Muhammad Rizwan Ullah, Jahanzaib Sultan, Ahsan Riaz, Muhammad Fayyaz Sheikh

“…The paper includes CIPS, a second-generation unit root to test the data's stationarity, and the Westerlund co-integration to investigate the long-term relationship between determinants. …”
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Analyzing the Impact of Governance, Environment and Trade on Inward FDI: A Case of Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam from ASEAN by Farrukh Nawaz Kayani, Ismat Nasim, Khalil Abu Saleem

“…The results of the test demonstrated that some variables are, in fact, co-integrated during the investigation. The findings of unit root tests reveal the use of Panel ARDL, and the results demonstrate that governance has a positive overall effect on FDI. …”
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The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from China’s Industrial Sectors by Yi Hu, Dongmei Guo, Mingxi Wang, Xi Zhang, Shouyang Wang

“…Not only first generation panel unit root tests and panel cointegration tests, but also second generation tests that account for dependence between cross-sectional units were employed. …”
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Inclusive Human Development and Governance Nexus: Causality Analysis of Selected Asian Countries by Tasos Stylianou, Rakia Nasir, Muhammad Waqas

“…We have tested the stationarity of our data using panel unit root tests such as Leviv-Lin-Chu and Augmented Dickey Fuller. …”
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The impact of financial deepening on Iraqi economic growth for the period (2004-2021): an analytical study by Teacher Abdel Sattar Raef Hassan

“…The study relied on the Autoregressive Distributed Slow Periods (ARDL) model for quarterly data to show the effect of the explanatory variables represented by (liquidity ratio, credit granted to the private sector, net interest rate margin, trading volume, stock turnover rate) on the dependent variable expressed in the output The local total at constant prices, and tests were done by Eviews10 program, and the results of the unit root test showed that the time series in most of them stabilized when taking the first difference and the level The stability within the permissible limits, and that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between financial deepening and economic growth, and the study found that the indicator (trading volume, stock turnover rate, and net interest rate margin) has a negative impact, while the indicator (liquidity ratio, credit granted to the sector) private) has a positive effect. …”
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A comparative study of the policy response to COVID-19 in the ASEAN region: A dynamic simulated ARDL approach. by Nihal Ahmed, Dilawar Khan, Judit Oláh, József Popp

“…A dynamic simulated Autoregressive-Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach was adopted to analyze the policy response to COVID-19 in the ASEAN region using data from February 1, 2020, to November 8, 2021. The results of unit root concluded that the dependent variable is integrated of order one while the independent variables are stationarized at the level or first difference, and the use of a dynamic simulated ARDL technique is appropriate for this paper. …”
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The Impact of Gender Inequality and Environmental Degradation on Human Well-being in the Case of Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis by Amjad Ali, Marc Audi, Chan Bibi, Yannick Roussel

“…Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test is used for stationarity of the variables. …”
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Causal Link between Financial Globalisation Uncertainty, Economic Growth, Environmental Degradation and Energy Consumption in ASEAN+3 Countries by Suraya Ismail, Farah Roslan, Wan Anisah Endut, Noris Fatilla Ismail, Abubakar Mohammed Atiku, Ali Umar Ahmad

“…The results of second-generation unit root test revealed that economic growth and financial globalisation uncertainty were stationary at level, while energy consumption and environmental degradation were stationary at first difference. …”
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Does Internet Usage Stimulate the Accumulation of Social Capital? A Panel Investigation for OECD Countries by Mohammad Salahuddin, Khorshed Alam, Lorelle Burton

“…Having found the cross sectional dependence, a cross-sectionally augmented IPS (CIPS) unit root test is conducted to check for stationarity of data. …”
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Interactive Effect of Education Indicators and Income Distribution in Selected Countries of the Islamic Conference Organization by Mohammad Ali Taheri, Akbar Khodabakhshi

“…For this purpose, the model is estimated in the framework of the panel data system using unit root tests, F-Limer, Hausman, Voldridge and Chi-square statistics. …”
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Energy Prices, Real Estate Sales and Industrial Output in China by K. W. Chau, Gaolu Zou

“…All data series were tested for stationarity (i.e., the existence of a unit root) before testing for a co-integration relationship. …”
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