Effect of agricultural development on unemployment reduction in Nigeria: An error correction mechanism approach by Eche Nwachukwu Austine et al.

“…Results: The annual time series data utilized in the study were verified for unit root test using Augmented Dickey-Fuller test (ADF). …”
Get full text

IMPACT OF FLOATING EXCHANGE RATE ON THE OUTPUT, EXPORT AND EMPLOYMENT IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN BEEF INDUSTRY by Kingsley THABA, Jan HLONGWANE, Abenet BELETE, Mushoni BULAGI

“…Descriptive statistics was adopted to describe the features of the data quantitatively and to profile the beef industry. Unit root test was performed for the integration of variables where data exabits mixture of level and first integration. …”
Get full text

DYNAMICS OF STABILIZATION POLICIES AND INVESTMENT EFFECTS ON AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT IN NIGERIA (1981-2019) by Iboh Andrew Okidim, Mba Oloi Obe-Nwaka, Adibie Okuduwor, Godwin Lebari Tuaneh

“…The Autoregressive Distributed Lagged Model was used in the investigation. The unit root test revealed in the pre-diagnostic tests that the variables were 1(0) and I.(1). …”
Get full text

The effect of environmental performance and preference disclosure on financial performance: Empirical evidence from unbalanced panel data of heavy-pollution industries in China by Kai Chang

“…</p> <p><strong><em>Design/methodology/approach: </em></strong>Environmental performance and propensity exhibits mutual causality relationship with Tobin’s Q value using unit root and co-integration test of panel data. Using panel data analysis, we take the impacts of environmental performance and propensity disclosure on financial performance from 2008 to 2012.…”
Get full text

An Econometric Estimation and Prediction of the Effects of Nominal Devaluation on Real Devaluation: Does the Marshal-Lerner (M-L) Assumptions Fits in Nigeria? by Abdulkadir Abdulrashid Rafindadi, Zarinah Yusof

“…To ensure this, we use a quarterly time series data from 1971QI-2012QVI, and applied the traditional and structural break unit root tests; the Bayer-Hanck cointegration approach and the VECM-Granger causality test. …”
Get full text

Does industrialization trigger carbon emissions through energy consumption? Evidence from OPEC countries and high industrialised countries by Ayodele Idowu, Obaika Micheal Ohikhuare, Munem Ahmad Chowdhury

“…This study investigated the effect of Industrialization on carbon emissions through energy consumption for a panel of eight Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and nine High Industrialised Countries over the period 1985 to 2020; the study employs the first generation and second-generation Unit root tests. The study further adopts the use of the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model, and Common Correlated Effect pooled mean group to estimate the parameters of the model for OPEC countries and High Industrialised Countries, respectively. …”
Get full text

The potential risks of climate change and weather index insurance scheme for Thailand's economic crop production by Nirote Sinnarong, Siwarat Kuson, Waraporn Nunthasen, Sasiwimon Puphoung, Vannasinh Souvannasouk

“…To obtain reliable estimates of the moment-based production function, the unit root tests and feasible generalized least squares involving a panel data model are explored using economic crop production and weather data from the provincial level from 1989 to 2017. …”
Get full text

Simultaneous Equations Modeling for Terrorism, Poverty, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Pakistan by Kanwal Shaheen, Khalid Zaman, Hifza Mushtaq, Qurat Ul Ain, Asma Naz, Anam Bibi, Iram Akhter, Nadia Bibi, Rizwana Kousar

“…The study used time series cointegration techniques, including, unit root, cointegration, robust least square regression, granger causality and impulse response function for robust inferences. …”
Get full text

Predicting volatility of bitcoin returns with ARCH, GARCH and EGARCH models by Hakan Yıldırım, Festus Victor Bekun

“…The stationarity properties of the Bitcoin return series was tested by applying the ADF unit root test and the series were found to be stationary. …”
Get full text

Going Away or Getting Green in BRICS: Investigating the EKC Hypothesis with Human Capital Index, Nuclear Energy, Urbanization, and Service Sectors on the Environment by Liton Chandra Voumik, Raziya Sultana, Rahi Dey

“…After confirming SH and CSD problems, the paper applied second-generation unit root and cointegration tests. The EKC represents an inverted U-shaped quadratic relationship identified between environmental pollution and GDP in the BRICS countries. …”
Get full text

INDIRECT TAXES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF NIGERIA - THE REVENUE DIVERSIFICATION AGENDA by Helen Nwobodo, Folajimi Festus Adegbie, Segun Kamoru Fakunmoju

“…Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method of analysis was employed, while unit root test was carried out among study variables and results shown that there were mixed levels of stationarity. …”
Get full text

Price Responsiveness of Residential Demand for Natural Gas in the United States by Raymond Li, Chi-Keung Woo, Asher Tishler, Jay Zarnikau

“…Using results from cross-section dependence (CD) test, panel unit root tests, panel time-series estimators, and rolling-window analysis, we document: (1) the statistically significant (<i>p</i>-value ≤ 0.05) static own-price elasticity estimates are −0.271 to −0.486, short-run −0.238 to −0.555 and long-run −0.323 to −0.796; (2) these estimates vary by elasticity type, sample period, parametric specification, treatment of CD and assumption of partial adjustment; (3) erroneously ignoring the highly significant (<i>p</i>-value < 0.01) CD shrinks the size of these estimates that vary seasonally, regionally, and nonlinearly over time; and (4) residential natural gas shortage costs decline with the size of own-price elasticity estimates. …”
Get full text

Beyond the Arena: How sports economics is advancing China's sustainable development goals by Lei Zhou, Zongjun Ke, Muhammad Waqas

“…The study employs the unit root test, ARDL bound test, AARDL estimation, NARDL test, and MTNARDL test to check the outcomes of variables in this analysis. …”
Get full text

Explosivity and Time-Varying Granger Causality: Evidence from the Bubble Contagion Effect of COVID-19-Induced Uncertainty on Manufacturing Job Postings in the United States by Festus Victor Bekun, Abdulkareem Alhassan, Ilhan Ozturk, Obadiah Jonathan Gimba

“…This study applied the novel unit root tests with explosive behavior, and the novel time-varying Granger causality test for a sample period ranging from 1 January 2020 to 29 July 2022. …”
Get full text

Unveiling the Interplay of Institutional Quality, Foreign Direct Investment, Inflation and Domestic Investment on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence for Latin America by Muhammad Ali Husnain, Ping Guo, Guoqin Pan, Matarr Manjang

“…The study utilizes a combination of panel unit root testing, cross-sectional dependency testing, panel cointegration testing, and the Panel Autoregressive Distributive Lag (PARDL) technique to shed light on the dynamics of the region's economic development. …”
Get full text

The Causal Nexus among Energy Consumption, Environmental Degradation, Financial Development and Health Outcome: Empirical Study for Pakistan by Weal M.Gh. M. Arafat, Ihtisham ul Haq, Bahtiyar Mehmed, Azeem Abbas, Sisira Kumara Naradda Gamage, Oruj Gasimli

“…Time series data have been analyzed through different econometric techniques, such as unit root tests, cointegration techniques, causality techniques, and cointegration regressions. …”
Get full text

The Nexus of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Agriculture Sector: Case of Turkey and China by Hasan Gökhan Doğan, Güngör Karakaş

“…In the study, time-series analyses such as Augmented Dickey-Fuller Breakpoint Unit Root Test, Johansen Cointegration Test, Ordinary Least Square Regression, Full Modified Ordinary Least Square, Canonical Cointegrating Regression and Impulse-Response Analysis were used. …”
Get full text

Financial sector sustainability and performance – Policy Imperative for the monetary authorities' by Richard Osadume, Anthony Ojovwo Okene

“…Secondary panel data were obtained from the published financial Statements of the banks and subjected to analytical techniques of panel unit root tests descriptive statistics panel least square and Co-integration statistical techniques at the 5% level of significance. …”
Get full text

The Dynamic of Macroeconomics Elements in Malaysia: Further Insight into Causality Analysis by Dayang Hummida Abang Abdul Rahman, Nuzaihan Majidi, Jati Kasuma, Yusman Yacob, Dayang Affizzah Awang Marikan

“…Several stages of analysis are conducted to verify the presence of causality effect from Malaysian economic perspective, which includes unit root test that employs the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF), Phillips-Perron (PP) and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) procedures, followed by Johansen and Juselius test of cointegration and Granger-causality test based on Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) using E-views software. …”
Get full text

A Reexamination of the Role of Exports in Malaysia's Economic Growth: After Asian Financial Crisis, 1970-2000 by Ghin Yin Leow

“…Using the Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test, the underlying series are tested as non-stationary in levels but stationary in first differences. …”
Get full text