Impact of taxes on the 2030 agenda for sustainable development: Evidence from Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries by Md. Mominur Rahman

“…Then, we established the stationarity of variables through second-generation panel unit root tests (Cross-sectional Augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF) and Cross-sectional Im, Pesaran, and Shin (CIPS)), and confirmed the long-run cointegration of the variables by using second-generation panel cointegration test (Westerlund cointegration test). …”
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Tanner (3, 23)-Regular QC-LDPC Codes: Cycle Structure and Girth Distribution by Qi Wang, Jingping Che, Huaan Li, Zhen Luo, Bo Zhang, Hui Liu

“…We propose the sufficient and necessary condition for the existence of these five types of cycles, i.e., the polynomial equations in a 69th unit root of the prime field <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbb {F}_{p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. …”
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Toward a sustainable growth path in Arab economies: an extension of classical growth model by Amjad Taha, Mucahit Aydin, Taiwo Temitope Lasisi, Festus Victor Bekun, Narayan Sethi

“…Research design This study leverages the Fourier Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin (KPSS) unit root test and second-generation panel econometrics as estimation techniques, such as Westerlund and Edgerton panel cointegration test, and the use of two estimators, namely the augmented mean group (AMG) and common correlated error mean group (CCEMG), to obtain robust results. …”
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Blood transfusions per hospitalization in the local public health network of Belo Horizonte between 2008 and 2021: A time series analysis by Elias Melo de Oliveira, Marcia Kanadani Campos, Ana Virgínia Cunha Martins, Ana Flávia Dinardi Alves Pinto, Alzira de Oliveira Jorge, Ilka Afonso Reis

“…The stationarity, trend, and seasonality of the time series were verified by the unit root test, using the Mann-Kendall and the Fisher tests, respectively. …”
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Empirical evidence from a few selected emerging economies on the impact of governance and health spending on health outcomes by Abraham Donkor, Revelino Garcia, Susan Arkah, Sabina Ampon-Wireko, James Antwi, Emmanuel Kwang

“…Methods: Employing data from World Bank World Development Indicators, the study applied panel procedures namely cross-sectional dependence test, Westerlund cointegration, and cross-section augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF) panel unit root test that can deal with the effects of cross-sections in the series. …”
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The Regional Disparity of Urban Spatial Expansion Is Greater than That of Urban Socioeconomic Expansion in China: A New Perspective from Nighttime Light Remotely Sensed Data and Ur... by Zhijian Chang, Shirao Liu, Yizhen Wu, Kaifang Shi

“…The average difference between USS and USE in the eastern region (ER) is greater than 10%, while it is the lowest in the northeastern region (NER) and shows a significant expansion trend in performance convergence with a regression coefficient of 0.0022, followed by the central (CR), eastern, and western (WR) regions. Through the panel unit root test, we found that urban expansion in China in terms of USS and USE has internal random convergence in certain regions under the premise of global random divergence, and there may be differentiation and formation of one or more convergence clubs in the future. …”
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Investigating the EKC hypothesis with renewable energy, nuclear energy, and R&D for EU: fresh panel evidence by Liton Chandra Voumik, Mahbubur Rahman, Salma Akter

“…After establishing the presence of CSD and SH issues, the study employed second-generation unit root and cointegration tests. In response to these concerns, the study implemented a novel cross-section autoregressive distributed-lag model (CS-ARDL) method. …”
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The impact of indicators of macroeconomic stability on the destructive manifestation of Covid-19 in Ukraine by Mariia Kashcha, Vadym Dun

“…The methodological tools of the research methods were the Dickey-Fuller test for detecting a unit root and stationarity of a series, ways to achieve stationarity of a series using different methods, and a two-sided Granger test for detecting the causality of indicators. …”
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Does Foreign Aid Have an Expected Role in the Economic Growth of Bangladesh? An Analysis in ARDL Approach by Md Ismail Hossain, Md Istiak Hossain, Mollah Aminul Islam, Md Reza Sultanuzzaman

“…The ARDL bounds test methodology was applied in the study, followed by the unit root test and the bound test for cointegration. …”
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Assessing the causality relationship and time series model for electricity consumption per capita and human development in Colombia by Juan J. Cabello Eras, Ph.D., Jorge M. Mendoza Fandiño, Ph.D., Alexis Sagastume Gutiérrez, Ph.D., Juan Rueda Bayona

“…The Lagrangian multiplier unit root was used to verify if variables are stationary, while cointegration tests were used to define if non-stationary variables are cointegrated. …”
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A Dynamic Linkage between Financial Development, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: Evidence from an Asymmetric and Nonlinear ARDL Model by Imran Khan, Faheem Ur Rehman, Paula Pypłacz, Muhammad Asif Khan, Agnieszka Wiśniewska, Katarzyna Liczmańska-Kopcewicz

“…BDS independence test was used to check the nonlinearity, and a structural break unit root test was used for testing data stationarity. …”
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A Novel Investigation to Explore the Impact of Renewable Energy, Urbanization, and Trade on Carbon Emission in Bhutan by Abdul Rehman, Mohammad Mahtab Alam, Magdalena Radulescu, Rafael Alvarado, Daniela Mihai, Madalina Brutu

“…The stationarity among the variables was tested by employing the two unit root tests by taking the annual data series variables from 1982–2020. …”
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Dynamics of Mutual Funds in Relation to Stock Market: A Vector Autoregressive Causality Analysis by Md. Shahadath Hossain, A.B.M. Munibur Rahman, Md. Salah Uddin Rajib

“…Stationarity of the variables are tested with Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test and found that variables are in different order of integration. …”
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Sustainable Energy Economic Policy: Population, Energy Consumption, and Macroeconomic Conditions by Unggul Priyadi, Eko Atmadji, Listya Endang Artiani, Shahrina Md Nordin, Muhammad Ridhuan Tony Lim Abdullah, Mochamad Ali Imron, Muhammad Alkirom Wildan, Rohayu Che Omar

“…One of Indonesia's imported energy commodities is fuel and engine oil consumer goods. Based on the unit root test results, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model is the most appropriate model used in this study. …”
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The Impact of Investment, Economic Growth, Renewable Energy, Urbanisation, and Tourism on Carbon Emissions: Global Evidence by Umar Nawaz Kayani, Misbah Sadiq, Ahmet Faruk Aysan, Syed Arslan Haider, Ismat Nasim

“…To guide empirical testing,the panel unit root tests LLC and IPS are used. The outcomes of LLC and IPS advise FM-OLS application on how to accomplish the goals. …”
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Role of 2008 financial contagion in effecting the mediating role of stock market indices between the exchange rates and oil prices: Application of the unrestricted VAR by Mosab I Tabash, Muzaffar Asad, Ather Azim Khan, Umaid A Sheikh, Zaheerudin Babar

“…Therefore, we have utilized multiple traditional unit root testing procedures followed by a co-integration technique by Johansen (1988). …”
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Investigating the Dynamic Nexus between Non-Oil Taxes and Economic Growth in Nigeria: An ARDL Approach by Richard Iyere Oghuma, Damilola Felix Eluyela, Francis O. Iyoha

“…Standard time series econometric techniques were utilized in the study such as descriptive analysis, unit root testing, co-integration test and granger causality testing. …”
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Green Finance, Chemical Fertilizer Use and Carbon Emissions from Agricultural Production by Lili Guo, Shuang Zhao, Yuting Song, Mengqian Tang, Houjian Li

“…The main research methods are standardized test framework (cross-sectional dependence, unit root and cointegration test), the latest causal test, impulse response, and variance decomposition analysis. …”
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Modelling the impact of uncertainty on sectoral GHG emissions in Saudi Arabia using the causality-in-quantiles and quantile-on-quantile approaches by Bechir Raggad, Ousama Ben-Salha, Houyem Zrelly, Rafik Jbir

“…The research performs a battery of advanced quantile-based methodologies, namely the quantile unit root test (QAR), causality-in-quantiles (CiQ) test, and the Quantile-on-Quantile regression (QQR) as the reference model, while the quantile regression (QR) is carried out to check the robustness of the findings. …”
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), Implementation of Vector Auto-Regression Models in Tourism: State Of The Art Analysis and Further Development, Doctoral Dissertation Summary by Sergej Gričar

“…The third objective (SO3) is to model at least three econometric time series equations and mathematical theorems/ lemmas for the tourism industry. 4) To improve and better understand unit root tests in tourism. The specific objective (SO4) is to approach the design of at least three stable and innovative models.…”
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