Impact of Oil and Non-oil Tax Revenue on Economic Growth in Nigeria by Adegbola Olubukola Otekunrin, Samuel Adeniran Fakile, Damilola Felix Eluyela, Ademola Andrew Onabote, Okoye Nonso John, Sarah Ifeanyichukwu

“…Error Correction Model was employed to analyse the data collected after subjecting the series to unit root test and cointegration test. The result of the study showed that PPT with a coefficient of 31.71067 and p-value of 0.0004 and CED with a coefficient of 1.786145 and p-value if 0.0206 had a positive significant relationship with economic growth, while   CIT with a coefficient of -14446.50 and p-value of 0.0066 and VAT with a coefficient of -23.33177 and p-value of 0.0001 had a negative significant relationship with economic. …”
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Do environmental quality, financial inclusion, and good governance ensure the FDI sustainably in Belt and Road countries? Evidence from an application of CS-ARDL and NARDL by Long JinRu, Md. Qamruzzaman, Wu Hangyu, Rajnish Kler

“…CDS results revealed that research units share common dynamism and second-generation panel unit root test-documented variables are stationary after the first difference. …”
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EXAMINATION OF EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES AND AGRICULTURAL POLICY OUTPUTS IN NIGERIA (1970-2012) by Sunday Brownson Akpan, Samuel James Udok, Uwemedimo Eyo Okon

“…Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test was conducted on the specified time series, and the result showed that all non-growth rate series were integrated of order one, while growth rate series were stationary at level. …”
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Short and Long-Run Causal Effects of CO₂ Emissions, Energy Use, GDP and Population Growth: Evidence from India Using the ARDL and VECM Approaches by Duraisamy Pachiyappan, Yasmeen Ansari, Md Shabbir Alam, Prabha Thoudam, Kuppusamy Alagirisamy, Palanisamy Manigandan

“…This paper investigates the nexus between CO₂ emissions (CO₂E), GDP, energy use (ENU), and population growth (PG) in India from 1980–2018 by comparing the “vector error correction” model (VECM) and “auto regressive distributed lag” (ARDL). We applied the unit root test, Johansen multi-variate cointegration, and performed a Variance decomposition analysis using the Cholesky approach. …”
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Response of Ethiopian coffee price to the world coffee price: Evidence from dynamic ARDL simulations and nonlinear ARDL cointegration by Shemelis Kebede Hundie, Bane Biratu

“…The result of the Kapetanios and Shin unit root test shows that majority of the series are stationary at first difference while some variables are stationary at level. …”
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Linking shadow economy and CO2 emissions in Nigeria: Exploring the role of financial development and stock market performance. Fresh insight from the novel dynamic ARDL simulation... by Yang Yu, Yang Yu, Joshua Chukwuma Onwe, Joshua Chukwuma Onwe, Atif Jahanger, Atif Jahanger, Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo, Md. Emran Hossain, Md. Emran Hossain, Ali David

“…Findings from the study revealed that the structural break unit root test revealed that all variables are stationary at first difference. …”
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Oil Factor in Economic Development by Sugra Ingilab Humbatova, Natig Qadim-Oglu Hajiyev

“…Times series have been checked whether they are unit root (<i>Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Phillips-Perron (PP) and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS)</i> as a methodology of the research. …”
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Impact of Banking Supervision on Liquidity Risk and Credit Risk: Evidence from Nigeria by Kashema Bahago, Gylych Jelilov, Bilal Celik

“…This study deployed the unit root test, VAR (vector autoregressive model), the system equation for P-value, and the autocorrelation test for its analysis. …”
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Does economic growth stimulate energy consumption? New evidence from national and regional levels in China by Defu Zhao, Jiahai Yuan, Shan Fu, Yan Song, Yuan Wang, Yanyan Liu, Jian Zhang

“…The findings of the second-generation panel unit root and co-integration tests reveal that these variables have long-term co-integration linkages. …”
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Dynamics of Mutual Funds in Relation to Stock Market: A Vector Autoregressive Causality Analysis by Md. Shahadath Hossain, A.B.M. Munibur Rahman, Md. Salah Uddin Rajib

“…Stationarity of the variables are tested with Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test and found that variables are in different order of integration. …”
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Modeling Finance–Growth Nexus in MENA Region Economies: A Panel Data Analysis by Abdelmonem Lotfy Mohamed Kamal, Mostafa E. AboElsoud, Khaled Abdella

“…This study employs panel unit root and panel co-integration analyses to investigate this long-term nexus. …”
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Influence of green technology, green energy consumption, energy efficiency, trade, economic development and FDI on climate change in South Asia by Gulzara Tariq, Huaping Sun, Imad Ali, Amjad Ali Pasha, Muhammad Sohail Khan, Mustafa Mutiur Rahman, Abdullah Mohamed, Qasim Shah

“…First and second generation unit root tests are used to assess the stationarity of the series, Pedroni and Kao tests are used to test co-integration. …”
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Improvement of Root Characteristics Due to Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Interactions Increases Rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.) Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Ming Du, Wenzhong Zhang, Jiping Gao, Meiqiu Liu, Yan Zhou, Dawei He, Yanze Zhao, Shiming Liu

“…Increases in root length and biomass, N uptake per unit root length/root biomass, root oxidation activity, total roots absorption area, and roots active absorption area at the elongating stage improved N uptake via N, P, and K interactions. …”
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Biological nitrification inhibition by root exudates of native species, Hibiscus splendens and Solanum echinatum by Chelsea K. Janke, Laura A. Wendling, Ryosuke Fujinuma

“…The total quantity of these OAs released per unit root dry mass was also seven-ten times greater for Australian native plant species compared to S. bicolor. …”
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Factors Influencing the Renewable Energy Consumption in Selected European Countries by Jan Polcyn, Yana Us, Oleksii Lyulyov, Tetyana Pimonenko, Aleksy Kwilinski

“…This empirical analysis employed a set of estimation procedures such as the panel unit root test (Levin, Lin & Chu; Im, Pesaran, Shin W-Stat; ADF-Fisher Chi-square; and PP-Fisher Chi-square methods), the Pearson correlation, fixed- and random-effects models, generalized method of moments (GMM), Hausman and the robustness tests. …”
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Impact of, Human Capital, Economic Factors, Energy Consumption, and Urban Growth on Environmental Sustainability in Morocco: An ARDL Approach by Hamdi El Asli, Lakhmaiss Hamid, Afif Zineb, Azeroual Mohamed

“…We used the ARDL approach to identify the potential linkage between carbon emissions and the explicative variables. The ADF unit root test is used to check the stationarity of all variables, showed that five of them become stationary after first differentiation. …”
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Interest Rate Behavior and Financial Sector's Growth: A Relationship Analysis by Ayodele Ogunlokun, Taiwo Oguntuase

“…Furthermore, as the Philip-Peron approach to unit root test revealed that the variables were integrated of I(0) and I(1), Autoregressive Distributed Lags model was specified and estimated with conitegration bound test which reveled evidence of long run relationship among the variables. …”
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The Structure of Public Debt and the Criteria of Its Sustainability by Paweł Piątkowski

“…The stationarity analysis of time series based on the unit root test was applied. The analysis was performed using the KPSS test. …”
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Examining the impact of farm management practices on wheat production: Does agricultural investment matter? by Abbas Ali Chandio, Mohamad Alnafissa, Waqar Akram, Muhammad Usman, Mumtaz Ali Joyo

“…This study employs advanced econometric techniques, such as second-generation unit root procedures (CADF and CIPS) and the Westerlund cointegration method, to investigate the stationarity properties and cointegration of the variables. …”
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Nexus between green investment and technological innovation in BRI nations: What is the role of environmental sustainability and domestic investment? by Zhuopeng Xiao, Md. Qamruzzaman

“…The study used a cross-sectional dependency test, a unit root test following CADF and CIPS, an error correction-based panel cointegration test, ARDL, CS-ARDL, and a nonlinear ARDL. …”
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