Democracy, green energy, trade, and environmental progress in South Asia: Advanced quantile regression perspective by Tasnim Sultana, Md Shaddam Hossain, Liton Chandra Voumik, Asif Raihan

“…This research also attempts to evaluate the EKC hypothesis in terms of economic growth (GDP2). The unit root of panel data and cointegration tests are executed in this study as a prelude to the regression analysis. …”
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Fiscal policy and oil factor: Evaluation of the effects in global economic development by Guluzada Tapdig, Guluzada Esmira

“…To do this, we tested the Unit root problem of the variable using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test. …”
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اختبارات جذر الوحدة لبيانات البانل (اختبارات الجيل الأول) تطبيق على عينة من الدول النامية by أيمن العشعوش

“…The results were very similar in terms of the presence or absence of the unit root. The parameters of the estimated fixed model corresponded to the economic theory. …”
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Does foreign direct investment influence manufacturing sector growth in Middle East and North African region? by Chukwuebuka Bernard Azolibe

“…Design/methodology/approach – The study employed Levin et al. (2002) test (LLC) and Im et al. (2003) panel unit root test. Furthermore, Kao’s cointegration test was applied to examine the long-run relationship between the variables. …”
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Energy and Mineral Resources Exploitation in the Delignitization Era: The Case of Greek Peripheries by Eleni Zafeiriou, Konstantinos Spinthiropoulos, Constantinos Tsanaktsidis, Stavros Garefalakis, Konstantinos Panitsidis, Alexandros Garefalakis, Garyfallos Arabatzis

“…With the assistance of panel unit root tests, we confirm non convergence of the variables employed, an expected result given the fact that different energy sources are being used for energy production by each different periphery, generating different economic results. …”
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Factors driving IPO variability: evidence from Pakistan stock exchange by Waqas Mehmood, Rasidah Mohd-Rashid, Chui Zi Ong, Yasir Abdullah Abbas

“…Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) unit root tests were employed to determine the data's stationarity properties. …”
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Inflation-poverty causal nexus in sub-Saharan African countries: an asymmetric panel causality approach by Clement Olalekan Olaniyi, Nicholas M. Odhiambo

“…These techniques include cross-sectional dependency tests, panel unit root tests, slope homogeneity tests and the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel Granger non-causality approach. …”
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Energy Consumption and Economic Growth In Turkey: An Empirical Analysis by Nurgün Topallı, Mehmet Alagöz

“…Firstly, NG Perron and Phillips Perron unit root tests are used to verify the order of integration of the variables. …”
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Relationship between Brand Value, Firm Size and Stock Price Performance: 2nd Generation Panel Data Analysis on Turkish Retail Sector and Sport Clubs by Mustafa Özyeşil

“…Stationarity of the series was examined by HK panel unit root test and it was decided that all series were stationary in the first difference. …”
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THE EXCHANGE RATE PASS-THROUGH EFFECT IN TÜRKİYE: FOURIER SHIN COINTEGRATION APPROACH (2006-2023) by Mustafa Naimoğlu

“…To achieve this objective, unit root tests on the variables are conducted using both Fourier KPSS and Standard KPSS methods. …”
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Enhancing institutional quality to boost economic development in developing nations: New insights from CS-ARDL approach by Ijaz Uddin, Maaz Ahmad, Dilshod Ismailov, Muhammad Eid Balbaa, Akbarali Akhmedov, Sarvar Khasanov, Manzoor Ul Haq

“…To achieve the above mention objective, various econometric techniques were employed, including CIPS unit root, Westerlund (2007) co-integration, and Cross-sectional Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag, and robustness analysis conducted using Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square, Dynamic Ordinary Least Square, Augmented Mean Grouped, Impulse Response Function, and Variance Decomposition Analysis panel estimators. …”
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The spillover effects of uncertainty and globalization on environmental quality in India: Evidence from combined cointegration test and augmented ARDL model by Hicham Ayad, Pradeep Mishra, Binita Kumari, Soumik Ray, Florian Marcel Nuţă, Rajani Gautam, Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, Alina Cristina Nuţă, Cristina Gabriela Zamfir

“…Hence, this paper investigates the key factors of carbon dioxide emissions in India from 1970–2020 through the Bayer-Hanck test and Augmented ARDL framework on an augmented STIRPAT model, introducing uncertainty and globalization. We employ a set of unit-root tests and a combination of cointegration techniques (DOLS and FMOLS), which permit us to estimate the long-run and short-run relationships. …”
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Spatiotemporal evolution and convergence characteristics of land green use efficiency in shrinking counties of China by JIA Wenxing, ZHANG Xueliang, HAN Huimin

“…[Methods] Based on the economic-social-environmental analysis framework, we constructed a non-radial, non-angle super-efficiency slacks-based measure-data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) model with non-expected outputs under global reference to measure the land green use efficiency of the shrinking counties in China from 2011 to 2020; used the exploratory spatiotemporal data analysis method to examine the spatiotemporal dependent characteristics and dynamic leap characteristics of county land green use efficiency; and based on the panel unit root test method to test the global and club stochastic convergence of county land green use efficiency, in order to identify the possible convergent subsets. …”
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Population Density: An Underlying Mechanism Between Road Transportation and Environmental Quality by Ashraf Ud Din, Jian Ming, Alejandro Vega-Muñoz, Guido Salazar Sepúlveda, Nicolás Contreras-Barraza

“…CIPS (second-generation unit root test) is applied to check the stationarity properties of the data, whereas the Westerlund (Oxf. …”
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Trade and competitiveness of African sugar exports by Joshua Mabeta, Luboš Smutka, Luboš Smutka

“…Consequently, this study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the patterns, trends, and shifts in the inter- and intra-regional competitiveness of African sugar exports.MethodsThis paper employed the Normalized Revealed Comparative Advantage (NRCA) index and the Harris-Tzavalis panel-data unit-root test to assess the stability and structural changes in the competitive patterns of sugar exports for 34 African countries. …”
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Causality between VAT and economic growth in Nigeria: An ARDL bounds testing approach / Hammed Agboola Yusuf … [et al.] by Yusuf, Hammed Agboola, Zainal Abidin, Irwan Shah, Bakar, Normiza, Musibau, Oluwaseyi Hammed

“…The research design is time series, and the data were analysed using time series unit root test, error correction model regression, short run and long run ARDL. …”
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Essays in macroeconomic modelling with frictions and rigidities by Luk, S

“…The chapter shows that when there is indexation in price setting which depends on the lagged output gap as in Steinsson (2003), under the optimal commitment policy, both fiscal and monetary policies have active roles in inflation stabilisation, even although debt follows a unit-root process. Under the optimal discretion policy, both fiscal and monetary policies have active roles in inflation stabilisation to drive debt back to the pre-shock level, consistent with Leith and Wren-Lewis (2008). …”

Fisher effect and real interest rate equalization in selected asian countries by Ling, Tai Hu

“…This study investigated the validity of the Fisher effect and real interest rate parity with respect to China in the context of Asian countries (China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, India and Taiwan) by using long-term and short-term interest rates for the period spanning from quarter one of 2001 to quarter three of 2006. Univariate unit root tests and ARDL bounds test for cointegration were used in this study to examine both Fisher effect and real interest rate parity. …”
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The determinants of exports for Sabah by Azman Poji

“…Thus the analysis was further extended with the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test to confirm unit root problem. Johansen Cointegration test was used to determine long run relationship between the dependent and independent variables and the number of cointegrating vectors. …”
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Economic Integration, Foreign Direct Investment And Growth In ASEAN Five Members by Yew, Siew Yong

“…The study applies panel data techniques (unit root and cointegration tests) on annual data from Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Singapore over the period from 1970 to 2005. …”
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