Macrophage infection via selective capture of HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells. by Baxter, A, Russell, R, Duncan, C, Moore, R, Willberg, C, Pablos, J, Finzi, A, Kaufmann, D, Ochsenbauer, C, Kappes, J, Groot, F, Sattentau, Q

“…Infected T cells, both healthy and dead or dying, were taken up through viral envelope glycoprotein-receptor-independent interactions, implying a mechanism distinct from conventional virological synapse formation. …”

Neutralizing antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type-1 gp120 induce envelope glycoprotein subunit dissociation. by Poignard, P, Fouts, T, Naniche, D, Moore, J, Sattentau, Q

“…The spectrum of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) neutralizing immune response has been analyzed by the production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the viral envelope glycoproteins, gp41 and gp120. Little is known, however, about the neutralization mechanism of these antibodies. …”

Evaluation of Aspergillus niger as host for virus-like particle production, using the hepatitis B surface antigen as a model. by Plüddemann, A, Van Zyl, W

“…The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger was transformed with the hepatitis B virus S gene encoding the major viral envelope protein under control of the constitutive A. nidulans glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( gpdA) promoter. …”

SpgC1qR interacts with WSSV VP28 exhibiting antiviral activity by Yue Wang, Bin Zhang, Shu Zhao, Yuan Wang, Xu Chu, Xin-Cang Li

“…Moreover, a GST pull-down assay revealed that SpgC1qR specifically bound to the viral envelope protein VP28. These findings clearly demonstrated that SpgC1qR specifically interacted with viral envelope protein VP28 and restricted WSSV replication, suggesting that it played a crucial role in anti-WSSV immune response of mud crab. …”
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Acidic pH-Induced Conformations and LAMP1 Binding of the Lassa Virus Glycoprotein Spike. by Sai Li, Zhaoyang Sun, Rhys Pryce, Marie-Laure Parsy, Sarah K Fehling, Katrin Schlie, C Alistair Siebert, Wolfgang Garten, Thomas A Bowden, Thomas Strecker, Juha T Huiskonen

“…Of these, GP1 binds to cellular receptors and GP2 catalyzes fusion between the viral envelope and the host cell membrane during endocytosis. …”
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Structural and mechanistic studies of measles virus illuminate paramyxovirus entry. by Richard K Plemper, Melinda A Brindley, Ronald M Iorio

“…Target cell entry is mediated by two viral envelope glycoproteins, the attachment (H) and fusion (F) proteins, which form a complex that achieves merger of the envelope with target cell membranes. …”
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Functional constraints on HIV-1 capsid: their impacts on the viral immune escape potency by Taichiro eTakemura, Tsutomu eMurakami

“…After fusion of the viral envelope and cellular membranes, the CA core enters into the cytoplasm of the target cells. …”
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HIV vaccine: it may take two to tango, but no party time yet by Paxton William A, Berkhout Ben

“…It was nevertheless speculated that using them together in the prime-boost scenario could be more effective, with the aim to induce heightened CD4⁺cellular immune responses against the viral Envelope protein. This optimism seems to have been validated. …”
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A novel DNA vaccine technology conveying protection against a lethal herpes simplex viral challenge in mice. by Julie L Dutton, Bo Li, Wai-Ping Woo, Joshua O Marshak, Yan Xu, Meei-li Huang, Lichun Dong, Ian H Frazer, David M Koelle

“…We show that a mixture of these codon-optimized ubiquitinated and non-ubiquitinated constructs encoding the same viral envelope protein, glycoprotein D, induced both B and T cell responses, and could protect against lethal viral challenge and reduce ganglionic latency. …”
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Simultaneous membrane and RNA binding by tick-borne encephalitis virus capsid protein. by Lauri Ilmari Aurelius Pulkkinen, Sarah Victoria Barrass, Marie Lindgren, Hudson Pace, Anna K Överby, Maria Anastasina, Marta Bally, Richard Lundmark, Sarah Jane Butcher

“…Viral particles are formed when the nucleocapsid, consisting of an RNA genome and multiple copies of the capsid protein, buds through the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and acquires the viral envelope and the associated proteins. The coordination of the nucleocapsid components to the sites of assembly and budding are poorly understood. …”
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Induction of endoplasmic reticulum-derived replication-competent membrane structures by West Nile virus non-structural protein 4B. by Pakieli H Kaufusi, James F Kelley, Richard Yanagihara, Vivek R Nerurkar

“…Within these structures, we observed an element of the cis-Golgi, viral double-stranded RNA, and viral-envelope, NS1, NS4A and NS4B proteins using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. …”
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The Effect of Common Detergents on The Causative Virus of Newcastle Disease by Nuradji Harimurti, Luthfiya Azmy Anistisha, Aquatica Ghea, Indi Dharmayanti NLP

“…Two commercial detergents containing Alkylbenzene sulfonates, which can dissolve the viral envelope lipid, were tested. More so, three concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, and 2% were used, with contact times of 5, 10, and 15 minutes, respectively. …”
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Computational epitope map of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. by Mateusz Sikora, Sören von Bülow, Florian E C Blanc, Michael Gecht, Roberto Covino, Gerhard Hummer

“…Our computational epitope-mapping procedure is general and should thus prove useful for other viral envelope proteins whose structures have been characterized.…”
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Host Cell Factors in Filovirus Entry: Novel Players, New Insights by Stefan Pöhlmann, Franziska Kaup, Heike Hofmann-Winkler

“…Moreover, GP engagement of the cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1 was demonstrated to be essential for GP-mediated fusion of the viral envelope with a host cell membrane. Finally, mutagenic and structural analyses defined GP domains which interact with these host cell factors. …”
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Discovering immunoreceptor coupling and organization motifs by Michael Reth, Michael Reth

“…These immunoreceptor coupling and organization motifs (ICOMs) are also found within the TMDs of other important receptor types and viral envelope proteins. This discovery suggests that antigen receptors do not function as isolated entities but rather as part of an ICOM-based interactome that controls their nanoscale organization on resting cells and their dynamic remodeling on activated lymphocytes.…”
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Duck Hepatitis B Virus cccDNA Amplification Efficiency in Natural Infection Is Regulated by Virus Secretion Efficiency. by Yong-Yuan Zhang

“…Previous mutation based studies showed that ablating synthesis of viral envelope proteins led to elevated hepadnaviral covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) amplification, but it remains unknown how cccDNA amplification is regulated in natural hepadnaviral infection because of a lack of research system. …”
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Acidic pH-Induced conformations and LAMP1 binding of the Lassa virus glycoprotein spike by Li, S, Sun, Z, Pryce, R, Parsy, M, Fehling, S, Schlie, K, Siebert, C, Garten, W, Bowden, T, Strecker, T, Huiskonen, J

“…Of these, GP1 binds to cellular receptors and GP2 catalyzes fusion between the viral envelope and the host cell membrane during endocytosis. …”

Heparan sulfate targets the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 coreceptor binding site. by Vivès, R, Imberty, A, Sattentau, Q, Lortat-Jacob, H

“…Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attachment to host cells is a multi-step process that involves interaction of the viral envelope gp120 with the primary receptor CD4 and coreceptors. …”

Vaccination against the Epstein-Barr virus by Rühl, J, Leung, CS, Münz, C

“…For this purpose, recombinant viral vectors and their heterologous prime-boost vaccinations, EBV-derived virus-like particles and viral envelope glycoprotein formulations are explored and are discussed in this review. …”

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors as potential broad based anti-viral agents by Mehta, A, Zitzmann, N, Rudd, P, Block, T, Dwek, R

“…In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) the misfolding of key viral envelope glycoproteins interferes with the viral life cycle. …”