The PI3K-Akt-mTOR and Associated Signaling Pathways as Molecular Drivers of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Update on Therapeutic Strategy Using Natural and Synthetic C... by Tithi Roy, Samuel T. Boateng, Mohammad B. Uddin, Sergette Banang-Mbeumi, Rajesh K. Yadav, Chelsea R. Bock, Joy T. Folahan, Xavier Siwe-Noundou, Anthony L. Walker, Judy A. King, Claudia Buerger, Shile Huang, Jean Christopher Chamcheu

“…The dysregulated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been implicated in various immune-mediated inflammatory and hyperproliferative dermatoses such as acne, atopic dermatitis, alopecia, psoriasis, wounds, and vitiligo, and is associated with poor treatment outcomes. …”
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Results of treatment with alemtuzumab in a Spanish cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis in the real world: The RealMS study by Sara Eichau, Rocío López Ruiz, María Ruíz de Arcos, Juan Luis Ruiz-Peña, Guillermo Navarro, Miguel Ángel Calleja, José Luis Moreno-Amador, Julio Dotor García-Soto

“…A total of 27 (21.9%) patients reported 29 autoimmune diseases: hyperthyroidism (12), hypothyroidism (11), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (3), alopecia areata (1), chronic urticaria (1), and vitiligo (1). The mean number of health resources (outpatient visits, emergency room visits, hospital admissions, and tests performed in the hospital) used while patients were treated with ALZ progressively decreased from year 1 to year 4, except for a slight increase at year 2 of outpatient visits.ConclusionThe ReaLMS study provides real-world evidence that ALZ can promote clinical and magnetic resonance imaging disease remission, as well as disability improvement in patients with MS, despite several prior DMT failures. …”
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Incidence of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases following COVID-19: a matched cohort study in UK primary care by Umer Syed, Anuradhaa Subramanian, David C. Wraith, Janet M. Lord, Kirsty McGee, Krishna Ghokale, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, Shamil Haroon

“…The primary outcome was a composite of any of the following IMIDs: autoimmune thyroiditis, coeliac disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), myasthenia gravis, pernicious anaemia, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjogren’s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and vitiligo. The secondary outcomes were each of these conditions separately. …”
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Causal association between air pollution and autoimmune diseases: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study by Haiping Hu, Haiping Hu, Xinxin Yang, Xinxin Yang, Qingquan Chen, Qingquan Chen, Xinfeng Huang, Xinfeng Huang, Xiangyu Cao, Xiangyu Cao, Xiaoyang Zhang, Xiaoyang Zhang, Youqiong Xu, Youqiong Xu

“…Additionally, we conducted supplementary analyses using four methods, including IVW (fixed effects), weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode, to further investigate this relationship.ResultsIn the European population, the results of MR analysis suggested a statistically significant association between PM2.5 and psoriasis only (OR = 3.86; 95% CI: 1.89–7.88; PIVW < 0.00625), while a potential association exists between PM2.5–10 and vitiligo (OR = 7.42; 95% CI: 1.02–53.94; PIVW < 0.05), as well as between PM2.5 and systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 68.17; 95% CI: 2.17–2.1e+03; PIVW < 0.05). …”
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Toxicidade Cutânea dos Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico: Uma Revisão Narrativa by Nuno Gomes, Vincent Sibaud, Filomena Azevedo, Sofia Magina

“…Os efeitos adversos cutâneos mais comuns são o exantema maculopapular e o prurido, mas estão descritos outros mais característicos (reação liquenóide ou psoriasiforme, vitiligo e sarcoidose, entre outros) ou localizados às faneras e/ou mucosa oral, que estão aparentemente subestimados. …”
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Systematic review of deep learning image analyses for the diagnosis and monitoring of skin disease by Shern Ping Choy, Byung Jin Kim, Alexandra Paolino, Wei Ren Tan, Sarah Man Lin Lim, Jessica Seo, Sze Ping Tan, Luc Francis, Teresa Tsakok, Michael Simpson, Jonathan N. W. N. Barker, Magnus D. Lynch, Mark S. Corbett, Catherine H. Smith, Satveer K. Mahil

“…The most studied diseases were acne, psoriasis, eczema, rosacea, vitiligo, urticaria. Deep learning algorithms had high specificity and variable sensitivity in diagnosing these conditions. …”
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Cytotoxic Compounds from the Saudi Red Sea Sponge Xestospongia testudinaria by Ali A. El-Gamal, Shaza M. Al-Massarani, Lamiaa A. Shaala, Abdulrahman M. Alahdald, Mansour S. Al-Said, Abdelkader E. Ashour, Ashok Kumar, Maged S. Abdel-Kader, Wael M. Abdel-Mageed, Diaa T. A. Youssef

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Immune-related adverse events in checkpoint blockade: Observations from human tissue and therapeutic considerations by Kristian C. Williams, Abigail Gault, Abigail Gault, Amy E. Anderson, Christopher J. Stewart, Christopher A. Lamb, Christopher A. Lamb, R. Ally Speight, R. Ally Speight, Neil Rajan, Neil Rajan, Ruth Plummer, Ruth Plummer, Arthur G. Pratt, Arthur G. Pratt

“…This review focuses on common CPI-induced irAEs of the gut, skin and synovial joints, and how these compare to immune-mediated diseases such as ulcerative colitis, vitiligo and inflammatory arthritis. We review current understanding of the immunological changes reported following CPI therapy at the level of peripheral blood and tissue. …”
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Hair Follicle-Related MicroRNA-34a Serum Expression and rs2666433A/G Variant in Patients with Alopecia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis by Shymaa Ahmed Maher, Nader Ali Ismail, Eman A. Toraih, Alaa H. Habib, Nawal S. Gouda, Amal H. A. Gomaa, Manal S. Fawzy, Ghada M. Helal

“…A high expression level was associated with concomitant autoimmune comorbidities (<i>p</i> = 0.001), in particular SLE (<i>p</i> = 0.007) and vitiligo (<i>p</i> = 0.049). In conclusion, the MIR34A rs2666433 (A/G) variant is associated with AA risk and severity in the studied population. …”
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New Approach to Addison Disease: Oral Manifestations Due to Endocrine Dysfunction and Comorbidity Burden by Narcis Mihăiţă Bugălă, Mara Carsote, Loredana Elena Stoica, Dana Maria Albulescu, Mihaela Jana Ţuculină, Smaranda Adelina Preda, Ancuta-Ramona Boicea, Dragoș Ovidiu Alexandru

“…In more than half of the patients, associated vitiligo involves depigmentation of oral mucosa at different levels (palatal, gingival, alveolar, buccal mucosa, and lips). …”
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Rational design of a JAK1-selective siRNA inhibitor for the modulation of autoimmunity in the skin by Qi Tang, Hassan H. Fakih, Mohammad Zain UI Abideen, Samuel R. Hildebrand, Khashayar Afshari, Katherine Y. Gross, Jacquelyn Sousa, Allison S. Maebius, Christina Bartholdy, Pia Pernille Søgaard, Malene Jackerott, Vignesh Hariharan, Ashley Summers, Xueli Fan, Ken Okamura, Kathryn R. Monopoli, David A. Cooper, Dimas Echeverria, Brianna Bramato, Nicholas McHugh, Raymond C. Furgal, Karen Dresser, Sarah J. Winter, Annabelle Biscans, Jane Chuprin, Nazgol-Sadat Haddadi, Shany Sherman, Ümmügülsüm Yıldız-Altay, Mehdi Rashighi, Jillian M. Richmond, Claire Bouix-Peter, Carine Blanchard, Adam Clauss, Julia F. Alterman, Anastasia Khvorova, John E. Harris

“…In a mouse model of vitiligo, local administration of the JAK1 siRNA significantly reduces skin infiltration of autoreactive CD8+ T cells and prevents epidermal depigmentation. …”
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Dominant-negative heterozygous mutations in AIRE confer diverse autoimmune phenotypes by Bergithe E. Oftedal, Kristian Assing, Safa Baris, Stephanie L. Safgren, Isik S. Johansen, Marianne Antonius Jakobsen, Dusica Babovic-Vuksanovic, Katherine Agre, Eric W. Klee, Emina Majcic, Elise M.N. Ferré, Monica M. Schmitt, Tom DiMaggio, Lindsey B. Rosen, Muhammad Obaidur Rahman, Dionisios Chrysis, Aristeidis Giannakopoulos, Maria Tallon Garcia, Luis Ignacio González-Granado, Katherine Stanley, Jessica Galant-Swafford, Pim Suwannarat, Isabelle Meyts, Michail S. Lionakis, Eystein S. Husebye

“…We here report additional families with phenotypes ranging from immunodeficiency, enteropathy, and vitiligo to asymptomatic carrier status. APS-1-specific autoantibodies can hint to the presence of these pathogenic AIRE variants although their absence does not rule out their presence. …”
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Risk of secondary autoimmune diseases with alemtuzumab treatment for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Jianguo Yang, Yuying Sun, Xinpeng Zhou, Di Zhang, Ziqi Xu, Jiaojiao Cao, Bing Fan

“…The incidence of each disease ranked from highest to lowest as: skin psoriasis (SP), 0.0430 [0.0000, 0.0929] (I²=0%, p=0.57); alopecia areata (AA), 0.0159 [0.0024, 0.0372] (I²=19%, p=0.29); vitiligo, 0.0134 [0.0044, 0.0223] (I²=0%, p=0.81); inflammatory atrichia (IA), 0.0103 [0.0000, 0.0232] (I²=0%, p=0.43); chronic urticaria (CU), 0.0107 [0.0000, 0.0233] (I²=0%, p=0.60); and nephropathy, 0.0051 [0.0000, 0.0263] (I²=62%, p=0.02).ConclusionThe occurrence of secondary autoimmune diseases in patients with MS treated with ALZ is noteworthy, particularly in the form of thyroid events and hematological events. …”
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Safety, activity, and pharmacokinetics of camrelizumab in advanced Asian melanoma patients: a phase I study by Li Zhou, Xiaowen Wu, Zhihong Chi, Lu Si, Xinan Sheng, Yan Kong, Lili Mao, Bin Lian, Bixia Tang, Xieqiao Yan, Xuan Wang, Xue Bai, Siming Li, Xiaoting Wei, Juan Li, Qing Yang, Jun Guo, Chuanliang Cui

“…The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) in 36 patients were reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation, followed by rash, fever, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, vitiligo, and fatigue. Five grade 3 or above TRAEs were reported (13.9%), including two cases of elevated γ-glutamyltransferase and blood triglycerides without clinical symptoms, and one liver injury recovered after symptomatic treatment. …”
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Incidence, prevalence, and co-occurrence of autoimmune disorders over time and by age, sex, and socioeconomic status: a population-based cohort study of 22 million individuals in t... by Conrad, N, Misra, S, Verbakel, JY, Verbeke, G, Molenberghs, G, Taylor, PN, Mason, J, Sattar, N, McMurray, JJV, McInnes, IB, Khunti, K, Cambridge, G

“…Seasonal variations were observed for childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (more commonly diagnosed in winter) and vitiligo (more commonly diagnosed in summer), and regional variations were observed for a range of conditions. …”

Defining D-irAEs: consensus-based disease definitions for the diagnosis of dermatologic adverse events from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy by Laura C Cappelli, Bernice Kwong, Jarushka Naidoo, Jonathan Leventhal, Mario E Lacouture, Meghan J Mooradian, Douglas B Johnson, Justine Cohen, Aparna Hegde, Steven T Chen, Riley Fadden, Leyre Zubiri, Shawn Kwatra, Ryan J Sullivan, Kerry L Reynolds, Allison Betof Warner, Yevgeniy R Semenov, Nicole R LeBoeuf, Krista M Rubin, Anna K Dewan, Alina Markova, Allireza Alloo, Daniel Q Bach, Amina Bougrine, Leeann Burton, Mariana Castells, Lauren Guggina, Victor Huang, Benjamin Kaffenberger, Daniela Kroshinsky, Cecilia Larocca, Jon McDunn, Jennifer Choi, Vinod Nambudiri, Caroline A Nelson, Anisha B Patel, Julia Pimkina, Johnathan Rine, Maxwell Sauder, Sheila Shaigany, Afreen Shariff

“…Consensus definitions were achieved for 10 core D-irAE diagnoses: ICI-vitiligo, ICI-lichen planus, ICI-psoriasis, ICI-exanthem, ICI-bullous pemphigoid, ICI-Grover’s, ICI-eczematous, ICI-eruptive atypical squamous proliferation, ICI-pruritus without rash, and ICI-erosive mucocutaneous. …”
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Clinical spectrum and evolution of immune-checkpoint inhibitors toxicities over a decade—a worldwide perspectiveResearch in context by Paul Gougis, Floriane Jochum, Baptiste Abbar, Elise Dumas, Kevin Bihan, Bénédicte Lebrun-Vignes, Javid Moslehi, Jean-Philippe Spano, Enora Laas, Judicael Hotton, Fabien Reyal, Anne-Sophie Hamy, Joe-Elie Salem

“…The top factors associated with specific irAE (odds-ratio>5) were presence of thymic cancer for ICI-myotoxicities or hepatitis; presence of melanoma for vitiligo, uveitis or sarcoidosis; specific types of ICI regimen (anti-LAG3 for meningitis, anti-CTLA4 for hypophysitis); and specific reporting regions (eastern Asia for cholangitis). …”
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