Evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admission related to common infections: Risk prediction models to tackle antimicrobial resistance in primary care by Fahmi, A, Palin, V, Zhong, X, Yang, Y, Watts, S, Ashcroft, DM, Goldacre, B, MacKenna, B, Fisher, L, Massey, J, Mehrkar, A, Bacon, S, the OpenSAFELY Collaborative, Hand, K, van Staa, TP

“…Comparing those prescribed an antibiotic to those without, reduction in risk of hospital admission were largest with LRTI (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.35–0.36) and UTI (aHR 0.45; 95% CI, 0.44–0.46), compared to URTI (aHR 1.04; 95% CI, 1.03–1.06). …”

Environmental risk factors for self-harm during imprisonment: A pilot prospective cohort study by Stephenson, T, Harris, I, Armstrong, C, Fazel, S, Short, R, Blackwood, N

“…Time spent in areas with a higher number of prisoners per member of prison staff was significantly associated with reduced self-harm behaviour in adjusted models (OR 0.89, CI 0.78–0.99, p = 0.039). …”

Older women's well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: individual, community, and contextual factors by Banda, A, Hoffman, J, Roos, V

“…Older women in rural areas had lower odds of well-being [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 0.607, 95% 0455,0.809]. At the individual level, the well-being of older women during COVID-19 was associated with age (AOR O.362, 95% CI: 0.190,0.689) and being in paid work (AOR 0.737, 95% CI: 0.552,0.984). …”

Trajectories of interferon-gamma release assay results over two years in independent cohorts from China, South Africa, Tanzania, and the United States by Chen, C, Xue, H, Horsburgh, CR, Amour, M, Hatherill, M, Tameris, M, von Reyn, CF, Rees, C, Shen, Y, McShane, H, García-Basteiro, AL, Liu, D, Wang, Y, Nathavitharana, RR, Graviss, EA, Shao, Y, Liu, Q, Lu, W, Zhu, L, Martinez, L

“…In one cohort from (N=399; age range, 59 years [IQR, 48–67]), IGRA reversion was more common in younger participants (Adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR], 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93–0.97) and those without recent close tuberculosis exposure (aOR, 0.35; 95%CI, 0.11–1.03 in South Africa; 0.10; 95%CI, 0.01–0.61 in China).…”

Hearing loss and risk of major osteoporotic fracture: a population-based cohort study in the United Kingdom by Khalid, S, Alhambra, DP, Hasheminasab, SA, Vinogradova, Y, Qureshi, N, Ratzinger, M, Brunetti, V, Salas, A, Canals, L

“…Compared with those without HL, individuals with HL had greater frailty (severe electronic frailty index, 5.9% vs. 2.7%), higher incidence of prior falls (14.1% vs. 10.6%), longer mean follow-up with higher incidence of MOF and hip fractures (5.1 vs. 4.4 years, 20.1 and 5.32 vs. 16.58 and 4.54 per 1000 person-years, respectively) and higher risk of MOF and hip fracture (adjusted HR, 1.10 and 1.08, respectively). Significant risk factors for MOF and hip fracture included age ≥ 70 years, fracture history, falls, osteoporosis diagnosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and cardiovascular disease (HL cohort). …”

Heart failure risk stratification using artificial intelligence applied to electrocardiogram images: a multinational study by Dhingra, LS, Aminorroaya, A, Sangha, V, Pedroso, AF, Asselbergs, FW, Brant, LCC, Barreto, SM, Ribeiro, ALP, Krumholz, HM, Oikonomou, EK, Khera, R

“…A positive AI-ECG screen portended a 4- to 24-fold higher risk of new-onset HF [age-, sex-adjusted hazard ratio: YNHHS, 3.88 (95% confidence interval 3.63–4.14); UKB, 12.85 (6.87–24.02); ELSA-Brasil, 23.50 (11.09–49.81)]. …”

Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of antenatal screening for major structural anomalies during the first trimester of pregnancy: a decision model by Campbell, H, Karim, J, Papageorgiou, AT, Wilson, E, Rivero-Arias, O

“…</p> <br> <p><strong>Main outcomes measures:</strong> Expected numbers of pregnancy outcomes, healthcare costs, and maternal quality adjusted life years (QALYs). Estimation of the incremental costeffectiveness ratio (ICER), likelihood of cost-effectiveness, and a value of information (VoI) analysis assessing if further research is needed before making a decision about screening.…”

Associations between snoring, body mass index and coronary artery diseases: observational and mendelian randomization study in Asia by Zhu, Y, Lan, Y, Lv, J, Sun, D, Pei, P, Yang, L, Millwood, IY, Walters, RG, Chen, Y, Du, H, Wang, J, Yang, X, Stevens, R, Chen, J, Chen, Z, Li, L, Yu, C

“…Genetically predicted habitual snoring was associated with CAD and MI, the corresponding IVW-ORs (95% CIs) were 1.09 (1.005, 1.19) and 1.15 (1.05, 1.25). Further adjusted BMI, habitual snoring retained independent effects on MI and CAD, and showed impact on SAP (1.09 [1.01, 1.17]). …”

Cost-utility analysis of molnupiravir plus usual care versus usual care alone as early treatment for community-based adults with COVID-19 and increased risk of adverse outcomes in... by Png, ME, Harris, V, Grabey, J, Hart, ND, Jani, BD, Butler, D, Carson-Stevens, A, Coates, M, Cureton, L, Dobson, M, Dorward, J, Evans, P, Francis, N, Gbinigie, OA, Hayward, G, Holmes, J, Hood, K, Khoo, S, Ahmed, H, Lown, M, McKenna, M, Mort, S, Nguyen-Van-Tam, J, Rahman, N, Richards, DB, Thomas, N, van Hecke, O, Hobbs, FR, Little, P, Yu, L-M, Butler, CC, Petrou, S

“…Cost-effectiveness was expressed in terms of incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses assessed the impacts of uncertainty and heterogeneity. …”

Estimating risk factor time paths among people with Type 2 Diabetes and QALY gains from risk factor management by Gao, N, Dakin, HA, Holman, RR, Lim, L-L, Leal, J, Clarke, P

“…</p> <br> <p><strong>Aims:</strong> (1) Update United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Outcomes Model (UKPDS-OM2) risk factor time path equations; (2) compare quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) using original and updated equations; and (3) compare QALY gains for reference case simulations using different risk factor equations.…”

Using QALYs as an outcome for assessing global prediction accuracy in diabetes simulation models by Dakin, H, Gao, N, Leal, J, Holman, RR, Tran-Duy, A, Clarke, P

“…<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> (1) To demonstrate the use of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) as an outcome&nbsp;measure for comparing performance between simulation models and identifying the most&nbsp;accurate model for economic evaluation and health technology assessment. …”

Microwave- and oven-heat moisture treatment of broken rice flour and the improvement in the flat rice noodle quality by Mustapha, Nor Afizah, Lai, Yan Tang, Wan Ibadullah, Wan Zunairah, Shukri, Radhiah

“…This study aims to investigate the effect of different techniques employed in heat moisture treatment (HMT) applied to broken rice (MR263) and their impact on flat rice noodle quality. Rice flour adjusted to 20% moisture content was subjected to two HMT techniques; oven-heat moisture treatment (O-HMT) at 110°C for 3 h and microwave-heat moisture treatment (M-HMT) at 119 W for 5 min. …”
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Fermented bed flooring systems enhance profitability in smallholder native pig production by Sivilai, Bounlerth, Vongpaserth, Thonglai, Liang, Juan Boo, Bush, Russell

“…Pigs kept in FB flooring had higher DM and nutrient (crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract and organic matter) intakes than did their counterparts raised in the CS, but the differences were not significant when adjusted to bodyweight basis. There were also no significant differences in growth performance (average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR)), and carcass traits, except that pigs from FB had higher hot carcass weight, dressing percentage and rib and bone weights. …”

Sensitive and selective non-enzymatic rGO/ZIF-8 hybrid composite-based electrochemical sensor for uric acid detection: optimisation by response surface methodology by Suratman, Anis Afiqah, Che Zakaria, Aida Zafierah, Abdul Aziz, Siti Fatimah Nur, Alang Ahmad, Shahrul Ainliah

“…Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) was used in the construction of electrochemical sensing platform because their properties can be adjusted by tuning their topology and porosity, allowing them to be advantageous for achieving sensitive, rapid response, selective, and low-cost operation in sensing applications. …”
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EyeKids: Real-time tracking and monitoring system for child safety by Zaharan, Siti Zahidah, Raja Zahilah, Raja Zahilah

“…The project follows a Rational Unified Process development model that has been adjusted to suit the size of the project and its requirements. …”
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Development of kinetics model for torrefaction of logging residue and palm oil waste by Nur Hazirah Huda, Mohd Harun, Noor Asma Fazli, Abdul Samad, Suriyati, Saleh

“…These parameters are adjusted in order to fit the predicted AWL to the experimental AWL using nonlinear optimization ‘lsqcurvefit’ routine in Matlab. …”
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Three essays in finance by Qian, Shuoge

“…Our analysis indicates that gambling amplifies trading volume and mitigates excess return co-movement caused by overconfidence. Further, risk-adjusted returns decrease in the strength of the affect heuristic, but this negative relationship attenuates when the gambling propensity is high. …”
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Utilizing food waste and thermoplastic starch (TPS) in 3D printed PLA formulations for sustainable and customizable controlled delivery systems by Wang, Liwen

“…The preliminary studies showed promising results for adjusting release profile and reducing PLA amount with using TPS and food waste. …”
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Gametocyte carriage in uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria following treatment with artemisinin combination therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual pat... by Abdulla, S, Achan, J, Yeka, A, D'Alessandro, U, Adam, I, Alemayehu, B, Allan, R, Temu, E, Allen, E, Barnes, K, Anvikar, A, Valecha, N, Arinaitwe, E, Ashley, E, Carrara, V, McGready, R, Nosten, F, Lee, S, White, N, Asih, P, Awab, G, Dondorp, A, Fanello, C, Woodrow, C, Dahal, P, Guerin, P, Humphreys, G, Moreira, C, Nsanzabana, C, Price, R, Sibley, C, Stepniewska, K, Bassat, Q, Gonzalez, R, Baudin, E, Checchi, F, Espie, E, Grandesso, F, Nabasumba, C, Schramm, B, Björkman, A, Bompart, F, Lameyre, V, Bonnet, M, Borrmann, S, Bousema, T, Cenci, F, Cot, M, Faucher, J, Kapulu, M, Marsh, K, Mayxay, M, Newton, P, Roper, C, Deloron, P, Djimde, A, Fofana, B, Doumbo, O, Sagara, I, Dorsey, G, Rosenthal, P, Drakeley, C

“…The appearance of gametocytaemia was lowest after AS-MQ and AL and significantly higher after DP (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR), 2.03; 95 % CI, 1.24–3.12; P = 0.005 compared to AL) and AS-AQ fixed dose combination (FDC) (AHR, 4.01; 95 % CI, 2.40–6.72; P  </p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>AS-MQ and AL are more effective than DP and AS-AQ FDC in preventing gametocytaemia shortly after treatment, suggesting that the non-artemisinin partner drug or the timing of artemisinin dosing are important determinants of post-treatment gametocyte dynamics.…”

Associations between violence in childhood, depression and suicide attempts in adolescence: evidence from a cohort study in Luwero district, Uganda by Akunzirwe, R, Carter, DJ, Hanna, L, Zinke-Allmang, A, Akim, A, Datzberger, S, Parkes, J, Knight, L, Atuhaire, L, Nakuti, J, Mirembe, A, Allen, E, Naker, D, Devries, K, Bhatia, A

“…Mental health outcomes, depression symptoms in the past two weeks, and lifetime suicide attempts were measured at Wave (2) We used logistic regression models, stratified by sex, to estimate adjusted odds ratios with an interaction term to test for effect modification by peer and family connectedness at Wave 1. …”