Chlorine and NaCl in hydrous basaltic melts by Rusiecka, MK, Wood, BJ

“…Finally, measurements of the compositions of melt inclusions from Etna were used to calculate the activities of NaCl in the inclusions and the salinities of fluids with which the inclusions would be in equilibrium. From the trapping pressures of the inclusions and their compositions we find that decompression from 500 MPa to ∼50 MPa is accompanied, in this case, by a salinity increase from <1 wt% NaCl to ∼50 % NaCl.…”

Export competitiveness in the context of Singapore by Chew, Kheng Lee, Phua, Chin Tiong, Yau, Puay Hiang

“…Firstly, the Singapore authority must curb her inflation rate by capping the WPI to an appropriate level. She can focus her sight on productivity, wage restraint and cut down the cost of production via shifting production capacity to countries of lower unit labour cost. …”
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Investigation of solar cell carrier lifetime using photoconductance lifetime measurements by Sng, Joseph Ding Wen

“…Nowadays Si nanostructures are commonly introduced into Si solar cells to minimize light reflection, enhance light trapping and increase optical absorption. In this work, besides planar Si, we have deposited the TMOs on nanostructured Si to assess the effectiveness of the TMO serving as a passivation layer on the defective nanostructured Si surface. …”
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Selective photoelectrochemical oxidation of glycerol to glyceric acid on (002) facets exposed WO3 nanosheets by Xiao, Yonghao, Wang, Mengran, Liu, Dong, Gao, Jiajian, Ding, Jie, Wang, Huan, Yang, Hong Bin, Li, Fuhua, Chen, Mengxin, Xu, Yangsen, Xu, Danyun, Zhang, Yun-Xiao, Fang, Shaofan, Ao, Xin, Wang, Jingyu, Su, Chenliang, Liu, Bin

“…Compared to (200) facets exposed WO3 , a combination of experiments and theoretical calculations indicates that the superior performance of selective glycerol oxidation mainly originates from the better charge separation and prolonged carrier lifetime resulted from the plenty of surface trapping states, lower energy barrier of the glycerol-to-GLYA reaction pathway, more abundant active sites and stronger oxidative ability of photogenerated holes on the (002) facets exposed WO3 . …”
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Spin-ice physics and phase transitions in cadmium cyanide by Coates, CS

“…At least two phase transitions are identied at low pressure, kinetic trapping is observed and the extreme compressibility shown to be a function of cyanide reorientation and ice-like coordination. …”

Synthesis and characterization of Cu-Chalcogenide nanocrystals for potential applications in low-cost solar cells by Ahmadi, Mahshid

“…We have successfully synthesized highly crystalline Cu2SnSe3 NCs with a narrow size distribution using the hot injection method and hexadecylamine (HDA) was used as the capping ligand for the first time in this material system. …”
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Wafer-scale growth of vertical-structured SnSe₂ nanosheets for highly sensitive, fast-response UV–Vis–NIR broadband photodetectors by Chen, Zhiyong, Xiong, Lei, Li, Guangyuan, Wei, Lei, Yang, Chunlei, Chen, Ming

“…Benefiting from the excellent light trapping ability and uniformity of waferscaled SnSe2 NSAs as well as relatively short channel, the broadband PD arrays exhibit superior comprehensive performance. …”
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Rewilding in Southeast Asia: Singapore as a case study by Lamperty, Therese, Chiok, Wen Xuan, Khoo, Max D. Y., Amir, Zachary, Baker, Nick, Chua, Marcus A. H., Chung, Yi Fei, Chua, Yen Kheng, Koh, Joshua J.-M, Lee, Benjamin P. Y.-H., Lum, Shawn K. Y., Mendes, Calebe P., Ngiam, Jonathan, O Dempsey A., Png, Kenny G. C., Sovie, Adia R., Tan, Lorraine, Teo, Robert, Thomas, Noel, Li, Tianjiao, Lim, Bryan Tze-Ming, Loo, Adrian H. B., Wardle, David A., Luskin, Matthew Scott

“…Here, we use a decade of aggregated camera trap data, N-mixture occupancy models, and input from local wildlife experts to describe the unassisted recolonization of two native large herbivores in Singapore. …”
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Carrier localization on the nanometer-scale limits transport in metal oxide photoabsorbers by Schleuning, Markus, Kölbach, Moritz, Ahmet, Ibbi, Präg, Raphael, Gottesman, Ronen, Gunder, Rene, Zhang, Mengyuan, Wargulski, Dan Ralf, Abou-Ras, Daniel, Grave, Daniel A., Abdi, Fatwa F., van de Krol, Roel, Schwarzburg, Klaus, Eichberger, Rainer, Friedrich, Dennis, Hempel, Hannes

“…Their kinetics of thermalization, trapping, localization, and recombination are monitored continuously 100 fs–100 µs and mobilities are determined for different probing lengths by combined time-resolved terahertz and microwave spectroscopy. …”
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Defect chemistry in 2D atomic layers for energy photocatalysis by Di, Jun, Hao, Gazi, Jiang, Wei, Liu, Zheng

“…Additionally, the critical roles of defects for enhanced photocatalytic performance from different aspects are highlighted, including electronic structure tailoring, charge trapping, interface interaction strengthening, reactant adsorption and activation, molecular intermediate interaction force tuning, and reaction energy barriers and paths, to acquire the fundamental insight of the photocatalytic mechanism and elucidate the relationship between the defective local allocation and photocatalytic behavior. …”
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High sensitivity transparent glass ceramic systems development based on MgSO4:Dy2O3–B2O3 and MgSO4:Dy2O3–B2O3:ZnO:An investigation of FT-IR and thermal properties for thermolumines... by Naeem, Hayder Salah, Iskandar Shahrim, Mustafa, N. N., Yusof, Thabit, Hammam Abdurabu, Mhareb, M. H. A., Alajerami, Y. S. M., Raypah, Muna E., Mohd Noor, ., Shareef, Ammar Nadal, Khazaalah, Thair Hussein, Ezra, Nabasu Seth, Munirah, Jamil, Efenji, G. I., Muhammad Fadhirul Izwan, Abdul Malik

“…This enhanced sensitivity is attributed to MgSO4:Dy2O3 and ZnO, which facilitate charge carrier movement and effective trapping and release of charges in borate glass ceramics. …”
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Cognitive Systems and Signal Processing : 5th International Conference, ICCSIP 2020, Zhuhai, China, December 25-27, 2020, Revised Selected Papers / by ICCSIP (Conference) (5th : 2020 : Zhuhai, China), organiser 642897, Sun, Fuchun, 1964-, editor 600994, Liu, Huaping, 1976-, editor 600996, Fang, Bin, editor 642896

Synergistic-potential engineering enables high-efficiency graphene photodetectors for near- to mid-infrared light by Jiang, Hao, Fu, Jintao, Wei, Jingxuan, Li, Shaojuan, Nie, Changbin, Sun, Feiying, Wu, Steve Qing Yang, Liu, Mingxiu, Dong, Zhaogang, Wei, Xingzhan, Gao, Weibo, Qiu, Cheng-Wei

“…The 2D potential well constructed by dielectric structures can spatially (laterally and vertically) produce a strong trapping force on the photogenerated carriers in graphene and inhibit their recombination, thereby improving the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and photogain of the device with wavelength-immunity, which enable a high responsivity of 0.2 A/W-38 A/W across a broad infrared detection band from 1.55 to 11 µm. …”
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Carbon-semiconductor hybrid nanostructures and their photoresponse behaviors by Zhan, Zhaoyao

“…A photogenerated electron may experience a million trapping events before being collected by electrode." …”
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Investigating the charge separation and transport in iron based photoanodes for solar-driven water splitting by Bassi, Prince Saurabh

“…It is proposed that surface mediated water oxidation was enhanced for the heterojunction films which allowed firstly the trapping of holes in the surface states and secondly facile transfer of these holes into the electrolyte for water oxidation. …”
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Towards A Robust Integrated Urban Mobility System: Public Transit and Ride-Sharing Systems by Guo, Xiaotong

“…To resolve this fairness issue, the third study develops algorithms for vehicle rebalancing that aim to minimize disparity within the system. Grasping the concept of disparity is a foundation for understanding fairness in the ride-hailing system. …”
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Tropical peat subsidence, nutrient losses and oil palm seedling growth due to different water table depths by Abubakar, Safiyanu Hashim

“…The system was made of exchange chamber of air pump with the flow rate ranges between 1 and 3.5 L min-1, exchange chamber of (2670 mL plastic container) and a trap (250 mL Erlenmeyer flask). Ammonia loss from the soil was collected using a boric acid by air flow circulation that was passed through the exchange chamber into a trapping flask containing 75 mL boric acid mixed with bromocresol green and methyl red indicator. …”
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Pnictogen-halide semiconductors for photovoltaics by Liu, P

“…All four compositions were excitonic and showed large Stokes shift, which indicted presence of self-trapped excitons. I went into more depth into Cs3Bi2I9, and confirmed via temperature-dependent PL that carrier localisation takes place in this material.…”

In-situ infrared spectroscopy studies of surface reactions over irradiated photocatalysts by Gong, Dangguo

“…However, deviations from the power law are attributed to partial trapping at surface Ti4+ sites. Under inert gas, and depending on the humidity level, photo-adsorption of water is promoted by surface-trapped holes and repelled (or substantially weakened) by surface-trapped electrons. …”
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Development of human enterovirus 71 nano calcium phosphate adjuvanted candidate vaccine for parenteral and mucosal delivery by Saeed Ahmed, Mohamed Ibrahim

“…The alginate formulations had no effect on the IgA levels, it seems the vaccine epitopes were trapped in the alginate composite. The effect of joint dual immunization parenteral and mucosal routes (nano-CaP-HEV71 killed-virus (ID) and vaccine encapsulated in chitosan through the buccal delivery) to the same animals induced enhanced both types of systemic and mucosal antibody responses, as displayed in serum IgG and salivary IgA antibody levels towards the vaccine. …”
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