A multiphysics model of photo-sensitive hydrogels in response to light-thermo-pH-salt coupled stimuli for biomedical applications by Chen, Xiao, Li, Hua, Lam, King-Yeung

“…This paper aims to unveil the fundamental response mechanism of photo-sensitive hydrogels subject to light-thermo-pH-salt coupled stimuli, for their potential biomedical uses such as cell scaffolds and extracellular matrices, where biological activity largely depends on internal electrochemical changes. …”
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Poly(ß-hydroxy thioether)s: synthesis through thiol-epoxy ‘click’ reaction and post-polymerization modification to main-chain polysulfonium salts by Stuparu, Mihaiela Corina, Khan, Anzar

“…The thioether group can be modified by a post-polymerization alkylation reaction to access antibiofouling and antibacterial ß-hydroxy sulfonium salts. Overall, therefore, the thiol-epoxy reaction is highly utilitarian in the context of polymer synthesis. …”
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Production and optimisation of used cooking palm oil into protected fat calcium salts by fusion method using response surface methodology (RSM) by Mohamad Asrol, Kalam, Pak Dek, Mohd Sabri, Suyub, I. B., Sugnaseelan, Sumita, Jusoh, Shokri

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A comparative study on thermal conductivity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/expanded graphite/graphene enhanced molten nitrate salt: a review by Li, Li, Muhamad, Mat Noor, Kadirgama, Kumaran

“…This review presents a comprehensive comparative study on the thermal conductivity enhancement of molten nitrate salt when integrated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTS), expanded graphite, and graphene. …”
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Ethnic differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dietary salt intake and association with hypertension in Malaysia: a multi-centre cross-sectional study by Chia, Yook Chin, Ching, Siew Mooi, Chew, Ming Tsuey, Devaraj, Navin Kumar, Oui, Jethro Ee Keat, Lim, Hooi Min, Chew, Bee Nah, Mohamed, Mohazmi, Ooi, Pei Boon, Cheng, Maong Hui, Beh, Hooi Chin, Chung, Felicia Fei-Lei

“…The association between high salt intake and elevated blood pressure levels has been well-documented. …”

Uncomputability and Physical Law by Lloyd, Seth

“…In particular, the form of the energy spectrum of quantum systems capable of universal computation is uncomputable: to answer whether a Hamiltonian system is gapped or gapless in a particular sector requires one to solve the Halting problem. Finally, the problem of determining the most concise expression of physical laws requires one to determine the algorithmic complexity of those laws, and so, the answer to this problem is uncomputable.…”
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Within-host evolution of HIV-1 and the analysis of transmissible diversity by English, SE

“…<p>The central problem for researchers of HIV-1 evolution is explaining the apparent design of the virus for causing pandemic infection in humans: understanding how HIV-1 spreads is key to halting the pandemic. Current knowledge of how HIV-1 spreads from host to host is based upon experimental observation and indirect inferences informed by theory. …”

Recycled melanoma-secreted melanosomes regulate tumor-associated macrophage diversification by Parikh, Roma, Parikh, Shivang, Berzin, Daniella, Vaknine, Hananya, Ovadia, Shai, Likonen, Daniela, Greenberger, Shoshana, Scope, Alon, Elgavish, Sharona, Nevo, Yuval, Plaschkes, Inbar, Nizri, Eran, Kobiler, Oren, Maliah, Avishai, Zaremba, Laureen, Mohan, Vishnu, Sagi, Irit, Ashery-Padan, Ruth, Carmi, Yaron, Luxenburg, Chen, Hoheisel, Jörg D, Khaled, Mehdi, Levesque, Mitchell P, Levy, Carmit

“…Our findings suggest that interactions mediated by second-hand extracellular vesicles contribute to the formation of the metastatic niche, and that blocking the melanosome cues of macrophage diversification could be helpful in halting melanoma progression.…”
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Highly stretchable, elastic, and ionic conductive hydrogel for artificial soft electronics by Zhou, Yang, Wan, Changjin, Yang, Yongsheng, Yang, Hui, Wang, Shancheng, Dai, Zhendong, Ji, Keju, Jiang, Hui, Chen, Xiaodong, Long, Yi

“…The proposed ionic conductive hydrogel is achieved by physically cross-linking the tough biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel as the matrix and embedding hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) biopolymer fibers inside matrix followed by salt solution soaking. The wrinkle and dense structure induced by salting in PVA matrix provides large stress (1.3 MPa) and strain (975%). …”
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Thermally induced phase separation PVDF membrane fabricated by using NaCl coagulation bath: relation of membrane surface morphology and permeation performance by Chen, Ningyuan, Zhao, Jie, Shi, Lei, Goto, Atsushi, Wang, Rong

“…The inclusion of NaCl in the coagulation bath serves to decrease the solubility of PEG within this medium, owing to the salting-out effect. Consequently, the NaCl concentration in the coagulation bath emerges as a crucial factor in regulating the migration of PEG400 toward the membrane surface. …”
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The evolution of the responsibility to protect : from 2001 to 2009. by Gong, Lina.

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Effect of pore size distribution on the desalination performance of the selective layer of nanoporous atomically-thin membranes by Chow, Chun-Man, Karnik, Rohit

“…Sealing of large, salt-permeable pores (e.g. by interfacial polymerization) limits salt leakage but substantially reduces water permeance. …”
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Effect of pre-load on diffusion characteristics of composite material by Chew, Xin Yun

“…The aim of this project was to study the water absorption properties of the composite when immersed in salt water – the salt water had a salt to water concentration of 3.5%. …”
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Mathematical modelling of water filtration by Tan, Cindy Xin Yu

“…Saline water can be desalinized with the use of reverse osmosis, wherein a mixture of water and dissolved salt molecules is forced by a high pressure pump through a semi-permeable membrane, preventing the bigger salt molecules from getting through the holes of the membrane but allowing the tinier water molecules to do so. …”
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Experimental investigation on the performance of binary carbon-based nano-enhanced inorganic phase change materials for thermal energy storage applications by Rajamony, Reji Kumar, Johnny Koh, Siaw Paw, Pasupuleti, Jagadeesh, Pandey, A. K., Chong, Tak Yaw, Sieh, Kiong Tiong, Yusaf, Talal, Mahendran, Samykano, Sofiah, A. G. N., Laghari, Imtiaz Ali, Ahmed, Oday A., K., Kadirgama

“…The binary nanoparticle-enhanced nanocomposites can form a decent thermal network, resulting in a remarkable enhancement in thermal conductivity by 160 % (1.2 W/mK) compared to pure salt hydrate. Moreover, a remarkable improvement in optical absorptance and a reduction in optical transmittance by 82.55 % for 0.7 wt% graphene and 0.07 wt% MWCNT enhanced salt hydrate PCM (SAHGrM-0.07) than pure salt hydrate PCM. …”
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Africa's new electoral playbook by Ronak Gopaldas

“…Finally, the paper will conclude by assessing future implications and outlooks for actions to halt the threats to electoral accountability and governance on the continent.…”
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Modeling Henry's law and phase separations of water–NaCl–organic mixtures with solvation and ion-pairing by Wilson, Aaron D., Foo, Zi Hao, Jayasinghe, Ashini S., Stetson, Caleb, Lee, Hyeonseok, Rollins, Harry W., Deshmukh, Akshay, Lienhard, John H

“…We used a two-variable speciation-based solution model to correlate VLE (organic Henry’s law coefficient and water activity), SLE (organic-induced salt crystallization), and salt-induced LLE separation of H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O-NaCl-MeCN mixtures.…”
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Complex coacervates loaded with nano enzymes as microreactor by Ng, Si Yi

“…Complex coacervates are predominantly driven by electrostatic forces and entropic changes and are affected by numerous parameters such as pH, mixing ratio and salt concentration. In this study, we aim to derive the optimum conditions for the complex coacervates of the Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC; IUPAC name, is a 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride) and Carboxymethyl-dextran sodium salt (Dextran sodium salt, DSS), focusing on the optimum pH, mixing ratio and salt concentration. …”
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Process economics and operating strategy for the energy-efficient reverse osmosis (EERO) process by Chong, Tzyy Haur, Krantz, William B.

“…To address problems encountered in a pilot-scale test of the EERO process, it develops an operating strategy involving boosting the pressure to the low salt-rejection stage of the CMCR to compensate for using membranes with a higher salt rejection than required. …”
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Effects of membrane chlorination on performance of reverse osmosis and nano-filtration membranes by Ho, Yung Lin.

“…Salt permeability for all membranes was improved after chlorination. …”
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