Causal inference in health and disease: a review of the principles and applications of Mendelian randomization by Lovegrove, CE, Howles, SA, Furniss, D, Holmes, MV

“…Conventional observational epidemiological studies are subject to bias from a range of sources; MR analyses can offer an advantage in that they are less prone to bias as they use genetic variants inherited at conception as “instrumental variables”, which are proxies of an exposure. …”

Study: Transparency is Often Lacking in Datasets Used to Train Large Language Models by Zewe, Adam

“…Researchers developed an easy-to-use tool that enables an AI practitioner to find data that suits the purpose of their model, which could improve accuracy and reduce bias.…”
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Experimental and numerical evaluation of aeroacoustic damping performance of in-duct double-layer orifice plates by Li, Jing

“…However, when mean bias flow is present, perforated plates with a smaller porosity σ are associated with smaller sound absorption coefficient α. …”
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Adding spice to life : the influence of spicy food on group behaviour by Luar, Shu Qi

“…Here, it is examined if shared experiences of pain, operationalized by consumption of spicy food, would enhance social bonding and related outcomes (e.g. in-group bias, cooperation) in a realistic setting, and if extraversion would moderate this relationship. …”
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Strategies to control crystal growth of highly ordered rubrene thin films for application in organic photodetectors by Hofmann, A, Wolansky, J, Hambsch, M, Talnack, F, Bittrich, E, Winkler, L, Herzog, M, Zhang, T, Antrack, T, Winkler, LC, Schröder, J, Riede, M, Mannsfeld, SCB, Benduhn, J, Leo, K

“…It is as low as 2.5 × 10−10 A cm−2 at −0.1 V bias, reflected in an overall specific detectivity of 6 × 1011 Jones at zero bias (based on noise measurements) and a high linear dynamic range of 170 dB. …”

In HF, T2D, CKD, or atherosclerotic CVD, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce HF hospitalizations and CV mortality by Zhu, D, Herrington, WG

“…Evaluated SGLT2 inhibitors included dapagliflozin (5 RCTs, n = 36 488), empagliflozin (5 RCTs, n = 29 869), canagliflozin (2 RCTs, n = 14 543), sotagliflozin (2 RCTs, n = 11 806), and ertugliflozin (1 RCT, n = 8246). Overall risk of bias was low for the 15 RCTs (Cochrane Risk of Bias tool).…”

Dynamics of Gradient Flow with Contrastive Learning by Tepe, Cem

“…However, their results don't explain how class collapse can occur without adding an explicit bias. The implicit bias of the gradient descent is a likely candidate to explain this phenomena. …”
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Perovskite light emitting transistors by Cheng, Bryan Wei Hao

“…Furthermore, electroluminescence brightness increases by means of operating independent pulsing of drain and gate bias voltages by more than 4 times at 77 K compared to single DC pulsed operation. …”
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Interventions for quitting vaping by Butler, AR, Lindson, N, Livingstone-Banks, J, Notley, C, Turner, T, Rigotti, NA, Fanshawe, TR, Dawkins, L, Begh, R, Wu, AD, Brose, L, Conde, M, Simonavičius, E, Hartmann-Boyce, J

“…<p><strong> Outcomes</strong></p> Critical outcomes: vaping cessation; change in combustible tobacco use at six months or longer; number of participants reporting serious adverse events (SAEs) at one week or longer. <p><strong> Risk of bias</strong></p> We used the Cochrane RoB 1 tool to assess bias in the included studies. …”

Interventions over Predictions: Reframing the Ethical Debate for Actuarial Risk Assessment by Barabas, Chelsea, Dinakar, Karthik, Ito, Joichi, Virza, Madars, Zittrain, Jonathan L.

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Ethical branding in a divided world: how political orientation motivates reactions to marketplace transgressions by Allard, Thomas, McFerran, Brent

“…We also investigate an avenue by which firms can reframe their ethical branding to reduce this politically motivated bias. We discuss this work's implications for moral judgments, marketplace attribute formation, and the branding of ethical goods in a politically divided world.…”
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Emulating an atomic gyroscope with multiple accelerometers by Shettell, Nathan, Dumke, Rainer

“…The main advantage of an atomic accelerometer when compared to a classical accelerometer is negligible bias drift, allowing for stable long-term measurements, which opens the potential application in navigation. …”
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Socially responsible investing : the analysis of SRI in South Korea. by Ng, Kai Xin., Lee, Wan Ning., Ng, Bao Xian.

“…After controlling for size and book-to-market variables, Approach 1 shows an overall bias towards large capitalization and growth oriented for SRI funds, while Approach 2 shows a bias towards small capitalization and value oriented. …”
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Fairness-Enhancing Deep Learning for Ride-Hailing Demand Prediction by Zheng, Yunhan, Wang, Qingyi, Zhuang, Dingyi, Wang, Shenhao, Zhao, Jinhua

“…When coupled with the bias-mitigation regularization, the de-biasing SA-Net effectively bridges the mean percentage prediction error (MPE) gap between the disadvantaged and privileged groups, and protects the disadvantaged regions against systematic underestimation of TNC demand. …”
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Explaining the spread in measurement of PDMS elastic properties: influence of test method and curing protocol by Varner, Hannah, Cohen, Tal

“…A statistical analysis then elucidates the significant bias induced by the test method itself, and distinguishes this bias from the influence of curing protocols on the mechanical properties. …”
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Choice as an engine of independence : implications for employee voice and managerial decision making by Nanakdewa, Kevin

“…The research presented in this thesis is the first to document a heightened sense of independence as a key outcome of choice, and the first research to demonstrate that choice can influence decision making biases (e.g., the sunk-cost bias).…”
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Morphing structures by Tan, Sharon Si Ying.

“…The silicone is intended as a bias force to mimic two-way actuation. Demonstration results showed otherwise. …”
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Diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care lung ultrasound for community-acquired pneumonia in children in ambulatory settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Hughes-Davies, H, Ukwatte, U, Roberts, N, Turner, PJ, Hayward, GN, Fanshawe, TR, Bird, C

“…Two researchers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts for study selection. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. …”

A simulation study showed that linear regression and Mann-Whitney test can be used to analyse the Days Alive and at Home by day 30 (DAH30) outcome in a randomized controlled trial by Cook, J

“…This was confirmed in terms of bias, estimation of variance, rejection rate in the absence of an effect, and coverage of the 95% confidence interval for the true realised effect. …”

Mendelian Randomization analysis of the causal effect of cigarette smoking on hospital costs by Dixon, P, Sallis, H, Munafo, M, Davey Smith, G, Howe, L

“…Models conditioning on risk tolerance were not robust to weak instrument bias.</p> <br> <p><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> Our findings have implications for the potential cost-effectiveness of smoking interventions.…”